https://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/api.php?action=feedcontributions&user=Srn5&feedformat=atomNuclear Physics Group Documentation Pages - User contributions [en]2024-03-29T08:05:36ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.35.0https://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/index.php?title=Link_to_Page&diff=3077Link to Page2007-11-06T06:55:21Z<p>Srn5: /* Relevant Parameters */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Related Papers ==<br />
===Silicon Vertex Detectors===<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4D0Y6DP-1&_user=1967573&_coverDate=11%2F11%2F2004&_alid=636311647&_rdoc=11&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=90&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=38fb3a7edace710fd475f3a01a9f5fd8 A new Monte Carlo code for full simulation of silicon strip detectors] [http://nuclear.unh.edu/secure/Silicon_Strip_Detector_Simulation_NIM533_322.pdf Local Copy ]<br />
**Detailed description of simulation design for ionization and signal readout in SSD<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4FKY7FT-1&_user=1967573&_coverDate=04%2F01%2F2005&_alid=627076008&_rdoc=23&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=79&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=a8a9aac50928fdb047ba2133e9c04b00 Silicon tracking detectors - historical overview]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-41F5X25-9&_user=1967573&_coverDate=10%2F11%2F2000&_alid=627077088&_rdoc=26&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=93&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=513a697b1624ddaf8b5619e004dd3123 Overview: silicon vertex detectors and trackers]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-46MC9SG-7&_user=1967573&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1995&_alid=627078546&_rdoc=7&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=171&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=a86eaec2a3c0ddf31483c56258ed48b8 Characterization and quality control of silicon microstrip detectors with an infrared diode laser system]<br />
**Useful for studying angle of incidence of laser in tests<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FCC6-TH&_user=1967573&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1993&_alid=627080328&_rdoc=38&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=77&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=e37879eab740fc952d8a182cb99f97f1 The OPAL milicon microvertex detector] [http://nuclear.unh.edu/secure/OPAL_SVT_NIM_A324_34.pdf | Local Copy ]<br />
**Heavy in readout electronics and algorithms <br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FC4B-PP&_user=1967573&_coverDate=07%2F15%2F1988&_alid=627081491&_rdoc=22&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=87&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=4e664556fa71769632bd598dbbfa2215 Infrared light charge injector as a tool for the study of silicon detectors]<br />
<br />
===Micromegas Detectors===<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-3VSPXSV-Y&_user=1967573&_coverDate=06%2F21%2F1996&_alid=636332497&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=e234b18f985161d8372a825460c25e1e Micromegas: a high-granularity position-sensitive gaseous detector for high particle-flux environments] <br />
**Initial paper on Micromegas<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-3VHW9D0-8&_user=1967573&_coverDate=12%2F21%2F1998&_alid=636333833&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=a223645319adabdec0a3b9c7efb5a569 Development and prospects of the new gaseous detector "Miromegas"] <br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-3VPCFGM-5&_user=1967573&_coverDate=02%2F21%2F1999&_alid=636334586&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=0e50030780c1773c770913adb1e8deb9 Development of a fast gaseous detector: 'Micromegas'] <br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-430WX8M-W&_user=1967573&_coverDate=04%2F01%2F2001&_alid=636335429&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=bf6be193322b130bbcfaaf14bccb4166 Spatial resolution and rate capabilities of Micromegas detector]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-45HFC9M-1B&_user=1967573&_coverDate=02%2F01%2F2002&_alid=636336699&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=505228ff2b41c67e5bff1d6858d013d5 Tracking with 40x40 cm square Micromegas detectors in tyhe high energy, high luminosity COMPASS experiment]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-45HFC9M-1C&_user=1967573&_coverDate=02%2F01%2F2002&_alid=636343096&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=6db3290e2d6b0b3e9d4a8a355a11cded Electron drift velocity measurements at high electric fields]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4J3NWY9-4&_user=1967573&_coverDate=05%2F10%2F2006&_alid=636343872&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=60b0b0c4e0fcb88acd67f5a22e15737a Micromegas in a bulk]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4MCW7M1-N&_user=1967573&_coverDate=04%2F01%2F2007&_alid=636344447&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=154be31a8f397f0b63558168f0356f68 Performance of the Micromegas detector in the CAST experiment]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4MYVG40-3&_user=1967573&_coverDate=06%2F11%2F2007&_alid=636345106&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=b743d729ebabdd390f3d43caf1dd33b6 On the geometrical design of integrated Micromegas detectors]<br />
<br />
==Outside Contacts==<br />
*[[Professor Jim Connell]]<br />
<br />
*[[Marionicolla Mazziotti]]<br />
<br />
*[[Jacques Ball]]<br />
<br />
==Relevant Parameters== <br />
{| style="width:100%; height:100px; font-style:plain; font-size:100%; border:3px solid black;" border="2"<br />
|+ style="font-weight:bold; font-size:200%;" | Relevant SVT Parameters<br />
|-<br />
! <br />
! width="1000" | CN 2006-014 <br />
! CN 2006-016 <br />
! align="center" colspan="2" |NIM 533 <br />
! align="center" colspan="3" |NIM 541 <br />
! align="center" | NIM 453 <br />
! align="center" | NIM 352 <br />
! align="center" | NIM 324 <br />
! align="center" colspan="2" | NIM 270 <br />
! align="center" colspan="4" | NIM 560 <br />
! align="center" | NIM 501 !<br />
! align="center" colspan="5" | NIM 485 <br />
! align="center" | NIM 581 <br />
! align="center" colspan="6" | NIM in press <br />
<br />
|-<br />
! style="font-size:95%;" | Thickness (_m) <br />
| 300-320 || 300 || 400 || 325 || 400 || 280 || - || 300 || 300 || 300 || - || 200 || - || - || - || - || 300 || 320±15/320±15 || 290±15/295±15 || - || - || - || 300 || - || 300 || - || 300 || - || 300 || <br />
|-<br />
! style="font-size:95%;" | Implant Strip Pitch (_m) <br />
| 75 || 75 || 228 || 25 || 100/200 || 20 || 25,29,33 || 25 || 25 || 25 || 10to50 || 500 || 75 || 50 || 73 || 65 || 88 || 60 || 80 || 120 || 240 || - || 120 || 75 || 50 || 73 || 65 || 76 || 25.5<br />
|- <br />
! style="font-size:95%;" | Readout Strip Pitch (_m) <br />
| 150 || 150 || - || - || - || - || - || 50 || 50 || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || 150 || 50 || 146 || 65 || 152 || 51<br />
|-<br />
! style="font-size:95%;" | Strip Width (_m) <br />
| 9 || - || 60 || 12 || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || 50 || 10 || 55 || 12 || - || 10 || 15 || 25 || 35 || upto86 || 14 || 50 || 10 || 55 || 12 || 24 || 10<br />
|-<br />
! style="font-size:95%;" | Implant Depth (_m) <br />
| 1.2 || - || 5 || 5 || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || 1 || 2 || || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || <br />
|-<br />
! style="font-size:95%;" | # Readout Strips <br />
| 256 || 256 || || - || - || - || 512 || - || - || 629 || - || 56 || 1024 || 512 || 1024 || 512 || || - || - || - || - || - || 512 || 1024 || 512 || 1024 || 512 || 1024 || 512<br />
|-<br />
! style="font-size:95%;" | Strip Angle (degrees) <br />
| ±1.5 || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || <br />
|-<br />
! style="font-size:95%;" | Cut Size (mmxmm) <br />
| 42.0x111.62 || 42.0x111.62 || - || - || 24x30 || 24x36 || - || - || - || 33x60 || - || 30x30 || 79.2x28.4 || - || - || - || 59x34 || - || - || - || - || - || 64.2x64.2 || - || - || - || - || - || - ||<br />
|-<br />
! style="font-size:95%;" | Active Area (mmxmm) <br />
| 40.0x109.62 || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || -|| - || - || -|| -|| - || - || - || - || - || - || - || <br />
|-<br />
! style="font-size:95%;" | Depletion Voltage (V) <br />
| 40<V<200 || - || 100 || 100 || - || - || - || - || - || 35 || - || ~40 || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || 40<V<100 || - || - || - || - || - || - || <br />
|-<br />
! style="font-size:95%;" | Readout Chip <br />
| SVX4 || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || Tektronix DSA602A || FoxFET || - || - || - || - || - || - || -|| - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || <br />
|-<br />
! style="font-size:95%;" | Spatial Resolution (_m) <br />
| - || ~40to~20 || - || - || - || 4.5to7 || - || 1.4(best) || - || 6 || - || - || ~20to50 || -~20to50 || ~20to50 || ~20to50 || 22 || - || - || - || - || - || 20 || - || - || - || - || - || - || <br />
|-<br />
! style="font-size:95%;" | Time Resolution (ns) <br />
| - || - || - || - || - || - || - || -|| - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - ||- || - || <br />
|-<br />
! style="font-size:95%;" | Notes <br />
| - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || z || r phi || z || r phi || z || r phi<br />
|}</div>Srn5https://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/index.php?title=Link_to_Page&diff=3076Link to Page2007-11-06T06:42:47Z<p>Srn5: /* Relevant Parameters */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Related Papers ==<br />
===Silicon Vertex Detectors===<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4D0Y6DP-1&_user=1967573&_coverDate=11%2F11%2F2004&_alid=636311647&_rdoc=11&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=90&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=38fb3a7edace710fd475f3a01a9f5fd8 A new Monte Carlo code for full simulation of silicon strip detectors] [http://nuclear.unh.edu/secure/Silicon_Strip_Detector_Simulation_NIM533_322.pdf Local Copy ]<br />
**Detailed description of simulation design for ionization and signal readout in SSD<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4FKY7FT-1&_user=1967573&_coverDate=04%2F01%2F2005&_alid=627076008&_rdoc=23&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=79&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=a8a9aac50928fdb047ba2133e9c04b00 Silicon tracking detectors - historical overview]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-41F5X25-9&_user=1967573&_coverDate=10%2F11%2F2000&_alid=627077088&_rdoc=26&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=93&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=513a697b1624ddaf8b5619e004dd3123 Overview: silicon vertex detectors and trackers]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-46MC9SG-7&_user=1967573&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1995&_alid=627078546&_rdoc=7&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=171&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=a86eaec2a3c0ddf31483c56258ed48b8 Characterization and quality control of silicon microstrip detectors with an infrared diode laser system]<br />
**Useful for studying angle of incidence of laser in tests<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FCC6-TH&_user=1967573&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1993&_alid=627080328&_rdoc=38&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=77&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=e37879eab740fc952d8a182cb99f97f1 The OPAL milicon microvertex detector] [http://nuclear.unh.edu/secure/OPAL_SVT_NIM_A324_34.pdf | Local Copy ]<br />
**Heavy in readout electronics and algorithms <br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FC4B-PP&_user=1967573&_coverDate=07%2F15%2F1988&_alid=627081491&_rdoc=22&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=87&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=4e664556fa71769632bd598dbbfa2215 Infrared light charge injector as a tool for the study of silicon detectors]<br />
<br />
===Micromegas Detectors===<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-3VSPXSV-Y&_user=1967573&_coverDate=06%2F21%2F1996&_alid=636332497&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=e234b18f985161d8372a825460c25e1e Micromegas: a high-granularity position-sensitive gaseous detector for high particle-flux environments] <br />
**Initial paper on Micromegas<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-3VHW9D0-8&_user=1967573&_coverDate=12%2F21%2F1998&_alid=636333833&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=a223645319adabdec0a3b9c7efb5a569 Development and prospects of the new gaseous detector "Miromegas"] <br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-3VPCFGM-5&_user=1967573&_coverDate=02%2F21%2F1999&_alid=636334586&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=0e50030780c1773c770913adb1e8deb9 Development of a fast gaseous detector: 'Micromegas'] <br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-430WX8M-W&_user=1967573&_coverDate=04%2F01%2F2001&_alid=636335429&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=bf6be193322b130bbcfaaf14bccb4166 Spatial resolution and rate capabilities of Micromegas detector]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-45HFC9M-1B&_user=1967573&_coverDate=02%2F01%2F2002&_alid=636336699&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=505228ff2b41c67e5bff1d6858d013d5 Tracking with 40x40 cm square Micromegas detectors in tyhe high energy, high luminosity COMPASS experiment]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-45HFC9M-1C&_user=1967573&_coverDate=02%2F01%2F2002&_alid=636343096&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=6db3290e2d6b0b3e9d4a8a355a11cded Electron drift velocity measurements at high electric fields]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4J3NWY9-4&_user=1967573&_coverDate=05%2F10%2F2006&_alid=636343872&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=60b0b0c4e0fcb88acd67f5a22e15737a Micromegas in a bulk]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4MCW7M1-N&_user=1967573&_coverDate=04%2F01%2F2007&_alid=636344447&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=154be31a8f397f0b63558168f0356f68 Performance of the Micromegas detector in the CAST experiment]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4MYVG40-3&_user=1967573&_coverDate=06%2F11%2F2007&_alid=636345106&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=b743d729ebabdd390f3d43caf1dd33b6 On the geometrical design of integrated Micromegas detectors]<br />
<br />
==Outside Contacts==<br />
*[[Professor Jim Connell]]<br />
<br />
*[[Marionicolla Mazziotti]]<br />
<br />
*[[Jacques Ball]]<br />
<br />
==Relevant Parameters== <br />
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100px; height:100px; font-style:plain; font-size:100%; border:3px solid black;"<br />
|+ font-weight:bold | Relevant SVT Parameters<br />
|- <br />
! !! CN 2006-014 !! CN 2006-016 !! align="center" colspan="2" |NIM 533 !! align="center" colspan="3" |NIM 541 !! align="center" | NIM 453 !! align="center" | NIM 352 !! align="center" | NIM 324 !! align="center" colspan="2" | NIM 270 !! align="center" colspan="4" | NIM 560 !! align="center" | NIM 501 !! align="center" colspan="5" | NIM 485 !! align="center" | NIM 581 !! align="center" colspan="6" | NIM in press <br />
|-<br />
! style="font-size:95%;" | Thickness (_m) <br />
| 300-320 || 300 || 400 || 325 || 400 || 280 || - || 300 || 300 || 300 || - || 200 || - || - || - || - || 300 || 320±15/320±15 || 290±15/295±15 || - || - || - || 300 || - || 300 || - || 300 || - || 300 || <br />
|-<br />
! style="font-size:95%;" | Implant Strip Pitch (_m) <br />
| 75 || 75 || 228 || 25 || 100/200 || 20 || 25,29,33 || 25 || 25 || 25 || 10to50 || 500 || 75 || 50 || 73 || 65 || 88 || 60 || 80 || 120 || 240 || - || 120 || 75 || 50 || 73 || 65 || 76 || 25.5<br />
|- <br />
! style="font-size:95%;" | Readout Strip Pitch (_m) <br />
| 150 || 150 || - || - || - || - || - || 50 || 50 || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || 150 || 50 || 146 || 65 || 152 || 51<br />
|-<br />
! style="font-size:95%;" | Strip Width (_m) <br />
| 9 || - || 60 || 12 || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || 50 || 10 || 55 || 12 || - || 10 || 15 || 25 || 35 || up to 86 || 14 || 50 || 10 || 55 || 12 || 24 || 10<br />
|-<br />
! style="font-size:95%;" | Implant Depth (_m) <br />
| 1.2 || - || 5 || 5 || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || 1 || 2 || || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || <br />
|-<br />
! style="font-size:95%;" | # Readout Strips <br />
| 256 || 256 || || - || - || - || 512 || - || - || 629 || - || 56 || 1024 || 512 || 1024 || 512 || || - || - || - || - || - || 512 || 1024 || 512 || 1024 || 512 || 1024 || 512<br />
|-<br />
! style="font-size:95%;" | Strip Angle (degrees) <br />
| ±1.5 || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || <br />
|-<br />
! style="font-size:95%;" | Cut Size (mmxmm) <br />
| 42.0x111.62 || 42.0x111.62 || - || - || 24x30 || 24x36 || - || - || - || 33x60 || - || 30x30 || 79.2x28.4 || - || - || - || 59x34 || - || - || - || - || - || 64.2x64.2 || - || - || - || - || - || - ||<br />
|-<br />
! style="font-size:95%;" | Active Area (mmxmm) <br />
| 40.0x109.62 || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || -|| - || - || -|| -|| - || - || - || - || - || - || - || <br />
|-<br />
! style="font-size:95%;" | Depletion Voltage (V) <br />
| 40<V<200 || - || 100 || 100 || - || - || - || - || - || 35 || - || ~40 || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || 40<V<100 || - || - || - || - || - || - || <br />
|-<br />
! style="font-size:95%;" | Readout Chip <br />
| SVX4 || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || Tektronix DSA602A || FoxFET || - || - || - || - || - || - || -|| - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || <br />
|-<br />
! style="font-size:95%;" | Spatial Resolution (_m) <br />
| - || ~40to~20 || - || - || - || 4.5to7 || - || 1.4(best) || - || 6 || - || - || ~20to50 || -~20to50 || ~20to50 || ~20to50 || 22 || - || - || - || - || - || 20 || - || - || - || - || - || - || <br />
|-<br />
! style="font-size:95%;" | Time Resolution (ns) <br />
| - || - || - || - || - || - || - || -|| - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - ||- || - || <br />
|-<br />
! style="font-size:95%;" | Notes <br />
| - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || z || r phi || z || r phi || z || r phi<br />
|}</div>Srn5https://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/index.php?title=Link_to_Page&diff=3075Link to Page2007-11-06T06:40:44Z<p>Srn5: /* Relevant Parameters */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Related Papers ==<br />
===Silicon Vertex Detectors===<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4D0Y6DP-1&_user=1967573&_coverDate=11%2F11%2F2004&_alid=636311647&_rdoc=11&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=90&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=38fb3a7edace710fd475f3a01a9f5fd8 A new Monte Carlo code for full simulation of silicon strip detectors] [http://nuclear.unh.edu/secure/Silicon_Strip_Detector_Simulation_NIM533_322.pdf Local Copy ]<br />
**Detailed description of simulation design for ionization and signal readout in SSD<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4FKY7FT-1&_user=1967573&_coverDate=04%2F01%2F2005&_alid=627076008&_rdoc=23&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=79&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=a8a9aac50928fdb047ba2133e9c04b00 Silicon tracking detectors - historical overview]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-41F5X25-9&_user=1967573&_coverDate=10%2F11%2F2000&_alid=627077088&_rdoc=26&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=93&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=513a697b1624ddaf8b5619e004dd3123 Overview: silicon vertex detectors and trackers]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-46MC9SG-7&_user=1967573&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1995&_alid=627078546&_rdoc=7&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=171&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=a86eaec2a3c0ddf31483c56258ed48b8 Characterization and quality control of silicon microstrip detectors with an infrared diode laser system]<br />
**Useful for studying angle of incidence of laser in tests<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FCC6-TH&_user=1967573&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1993&_alid=627080328&_rdoc=38&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=77&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=e37879eab740fc952d8a182cb99f97f1 The OPAL milicon microvertex detector] [http://nuclear.unh.edu/secure/OPAL_SVT_NIM_A324_34.pdf | Local Copy ]<br />
**Heavy in readout electronics and algorithms <br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FC4B-PP&_user=1967573&_coverDate=07%2F15%2F1988&_alid=627081491&_rdoc=22&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=87&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=4e664556fa71769632bd598dbbfa2215 Infrared light charge injector as a tool for the study of silicon detectors]<br />
<br />
===Micromegas Detectors===<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-3VSPXSV-Y&_user=1967573&_coverDate=06%2F21%2F1996&_alid=636332497&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=e234b18f985161d8372a825460c25e1e Micromegas: a high-granularity position-sensitive gaseous detector for high particle-flux environments] <br />
**Initial paper on Micromegas<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-3VHW9D0-8&_user=1967573&_coverDate=12%2F21%2F1998&_alid=636333833&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=a223645319adabdec0a3b9c7efb5a569 Development and prospects of the new gaseous detector "Miromegas"] <br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-3VPCFGM-5&_user=1967573&_coverDate=02%2F21%2F1999&_alid=636334586&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=0e50030780c1773c770913adb1e8deb9 Development of a fast gaseous detector: 'Micromegas'] <br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-430WX8M-W&_user=1967573&_coverDate=04%2F01%2F2001&_alid=636335429&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=bf6be193322b130bbcfaaf14bccb4166 Spatial resolution and rate capabilities of Micromegas detector]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-45HFC9M-1B&_user=1967573&_coverDate=02%2F01%2F2002&_alid=636336699&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=505228ff2b41c67e5bff1d6858d013d5 Tracking with 40x40 cm square Micromegas detectors in tyhe high energy, high luminosity COMPASS experiment]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-45HFC9M-1C&_user=1967573&_coverDate=02%2F01%2F2002&_alid=636343096&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=6db3290e2d6b0b3e9d4a8a355a11cded Electron drift velocity measurements at high electric fields]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4J3NWY9-4&_user=1967573&_coverDate=05%2F10%2F2006&_alid=636343872&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=60b0b0c4e0fcb88acd67f5a22e15737a Micromegas in a bulk]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4MCW7M1-N&_user=1967573&_coverDate=04%2F01%2F2007&_alid=636344447&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=154be31a8f397f0b63558168f0356f68 Performance of the Micromegas detector in the CAST experiment]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4MYVG40-3&_user=1967573&_coverDate=06%2F11%2F2007&_alid=636345106&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=b743d729ebabdd390f3d43caf1dd33b6 On the geometrical design of integrated Micromegas detectors]<br />
<br />
==Outside Contacts==<br />
*[[Professor Jim Connell]]<br />
<br />
*[[Marionicolla Mazziotti]]<br />
<br />
*[[Jacques Ball]]<br />
<br />
==Relevant Parameters== <br />
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100px; height:100px; font-style:plain; font-size:100%; border:3px solid black;"<br />
|+ font-weight:bold | Relevant SVT Parameters<br />
|- <br />
! !! CN 2006-014 !! CN 2006-016 !! align="center" colspan="2" |NIM 533 !! align="center" colspan="3" |NIM 541 !! align="center" | NIM 453 !! align="center" | NIM 352 !! align="center" | NIM 324 !! align="center" colspan="2" | NIM 270 !! align="center" colspan="4" | NIM 560 !! align="center" | NIM 501 !! align="center" colspan="5" | NIM 485 !! align="center" | NIM 581 !! align="center" colspan="6" | NIM in press <br />
|-<br />
! Thickness (_m) <br />
| 300-320 || 300 || 400 || 325 || 400 || 280 || - || 300 || 300 || 300 || - || 200 || - || - || - || - || 300 || 320±15/320±15 || 290±15/295±15 || - || - || - || 300 || - || 300 || - || 300 || - || 300 || <br />
|-<br />
! Implant Strip Pitch (_m) <br />
| 75 || 75 || 228 || 25 || 100/200 || 20 || 25,29,33 || 25 || 25 || 25 || 10to50 || 500 || 75 || 50 || 73 || 65 || 88 || 60 || 80 || 120 || 240 || - || 120 || 75 || 50 || 73 || 65 || 76 || 25.5<br />
|- <br />
! Readout Strip Pitch (_m) <br />
| 150 || 150 || - || - || - || - || - || 50 || 50 || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || 150 || 50 || 146 || 65 || 152 || 51<br />
|-<br />
! Strip Width (_m) <br />
| 9 || - || 60 || 12 || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || 50 || 10 || 55 || 12 || - || 10 || 15 || 25 || 35 || up to 86 || 14 || 50 || 10 || 55 || 12 || 24 || 10<br />
|-<br />
! Implant Depth (_m) <br />
| 1.2 || - || 5 || 5 || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || 1 || 2 || || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || <br />
|-<br />
! # Readout Strips <br />
| 256 || 256 || || - || - || - || 512 || - || - || 629 || - || 56 || 1024 || 512 || 1024 || 512 || || - || - || - || - || - || 512 || 1024 || 512 || 1024 || 512 || 1024 || 512<br />
|-<br />
! Strip Angle (degrees) <br />
| ±1.5 || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || <br />
|-<br />
! Cut Size (mmxmm) <br />
| 42.0x111.62 || 42.0x111.62 || - || - || 24x30 || 24x36 || - || - || - || 33x60 || - || 30x30 || 79.2x28.4 || - || - || - || 59x34 || - || - || - || - || - || 64.2x64.2 || - || - || - || - || - || - ||<br />
|-<br />
! Active Area (mmxmm) <br />
| 40.0x109.62 || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || -|| - || - || -|| -|| - || - || - || - || - || - || - || <br />
|-<br />
! Depletion Voltage (V) <br />
| 40<V<200 || - || 100 || 100 || - || - || - || - || - || 35 || - || ~40 || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || 40<V<100 || - || - || - || - || - || - || <br />
|-<br />
! Readout Chip <br />
| SVX4 || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || Tektronix DSA602A || FoxFET || - || - || - || - || - || - || -|| - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || <br />
|-<br />
! Spatial Resolution (_m) <br />
| - || ~40to~20 || - || - || - || 4.5to7 || - || 1.4(best) || - || 6 || - || - || ~20to50 || -~20to50 || ~20to50 || ~20to50 || 22 || - || - || - || - || - || 20 || - || - || - || - || - || - || <br />
|-<br />
! Time Resolution (ns) <br />
| - || - || - || - || - || - || - || -|| - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - ||- || - || <br />
|-<br />
! Notes <br />
| - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || z || r phi || z || r phi || z || r phi<br />
|}</div>Srn5https://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/index.php?title=Link_to_Page&diff=3074Link to Page2007-11-06T06:24:25Z<p>Srn5: /* Relevant Parameters */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Related Papers ==<br />
===Silicon Vertex Detectors===<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4D0Y6DP-1&_user=1967573&_coverDate=11%2F11%2F2004&_alid=636311647&_rdoc=11&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=90&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=38fb3a7edace710fd475f3a01a9f5fd8 A new Monte Carlo code for full simulation of silicon strip detectors] [http://nuclear.unh.edu/secure/Silicon_Strip_Detector_Simulation_NIM533_322.pdf Local Copy ]<br />
**Detailed description of simulation design for ionization and signal readout in SSD<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4FKY7FT-1&_user=1967573&_coverDate=04%2F01%2F2005&_alid=627076008&_rdoc=23&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=79&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=a8a9aac50928fdb047ba2133e9c04b00 Silicon tracking detectors - historical overview]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-41F5X25-9&_user=1967573&_coverDate=10%2F11%2F2000&_alid=627077088&_rdoc=26&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=93&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=513a697b1624ddaf8b5619e004dd3123 Overview: silicon vertex detectors and trackers]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-46MC9SG-7&_user=1967573&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1995&_alid=627078546&_rdoc=7&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=171&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=a86eaec2a3c0ddf31483c56258ed48b8 Characterization and quality control of silicon microstrip detectors with an infrared diode laser system]<br />
**Useful for studying angle of incidence of laser in tests<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FCC6-TH&_user=1967573&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1993&_alid=627080328&_rdoc=38&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=77&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=e37879eab740fc952d8a182cb99f97f1 The OPAL milicon microvertex detector] [http://nuclear.unh.edu/secure/OPAL_SVT_NIM_A324_34.pdf | Local Copy ]<br />
**Heavy in readout electronics and algorithms <br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FC4B-PP&_user=1967573&_coverDate=07%2F15%2F1988&_alid=627081491&_rdoc=22&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=87&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=4e664556fa71769632bd598dbbfa2215 Infrared light charge injector as a tool for the study of silicon detectors]<br />
<br />
===Micromegas Detectors===<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-3VSPXSV-Y&_user=1967573&_coverDate=06%2F21%2F1996&_alid=636332497&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=e234b18f985161d8372a825460c25e1e Micromegas: a high-granularity position-sensitive gaseous detector for high particle-flux environments] <br />
**Initial paper on Micromegas<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-3VHW9D0-8&_user=1967573&_coverDate=12%2F21%2F1998&_alid=636333833&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=a223645319adabdec0a3b9c7efb5a569 Development and prospects of the new gaseous detector "Miromegas"] <br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-3VPCFGM-5&_user=1967573&_coverDate=02%2F21%2F1999&_alid=636334586&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=0e50030780c1773c770913adb1e8deb9 Development of a fast gaseous detector: 'Micromegas'] <br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-430WX8M-W&_user=1967573&_coverDate=04%2F01%2F2001&_alid=636335429&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=bf6be193322b130bbcfaaf14bccb4166 Spatial resolution and rate capabilities of Micromegas detector]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-45HFC9M-1B&_user=1967573&_coverDate=02%2F01%2F2002&_alid=636336699&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=505228ff2b41c67e5bff1d6858d013d5 Tracking with 40x40 cm square Micromegas detectors in tyhe high energy, high luminosity COMPASS experiment]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-45HFC9M-1C&_user=1967573&_coverDate=02%2F01%2F2002&_alid=636343096&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=6db3290e2d6b0b3e9d4a8a355a11cded Electron drift velocity measurements at high electric fields]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4J3NWY9-4&_user=1967573&_coverDate=05%2F10%2F2006&_alid=636343872&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=60b0b0c4e0fcb88acd67f5a22e15737a Micromegas in a bulk]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4MCW7M1-N&_user=1967573&_coverDate=04%2F01%2F2007&_alid=636344447&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=154be31a8f397f0b63558168f0356f68 Performance of the Micromegas detector in the CAST experiment]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4MYVG40-3&_user=1967573&_coverDate=06%2F11%2F2007&_alid=636345106&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=b743d729ebabdd390f3d43caf1dd33b6 On the geometrical design of integrated Micromegas detectors]<br />
<br />
==Outside Contacts==<br />
*[[Professor Jim Connell]]<br />
<br />
*[[Marionicolla Mazziotti]]<br />
<br />
*[[Jacques Ball]]<br />
<br />
==Relevant Parameters== <br />
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="1"<br />
|- style="font-color:blue;font-weight:bold"<br />
| || CN 2006-014 || CN 2006-016 <br />
| align="center" colspan="2" |NIM 533 <br />
| align="center" colspan="3" |NIM 541 <br />
| align="center" | NIM 453 || align="center" | NIM 352 || align="center" | NIM 324 || align="center" colspan="2" | NIM 270 || align="center" colspan="4" | NIM 560 || align="center" | NIM 501 || align="center" colspan="5" | NIM 485||align="center" | NIM 581 || align="center" colspan="6" | NIM in press <br />
|-<br />
| Thickness (_m) || 300-320 || 300 || 400 || 325 || 400 || 280 || - || 300 || 300 || 300 || - || 200 || - || - || - || - || 300 || 320±15/320±15 || 290±15/295±15 || - || - || - || 300 || - || 300 || - || 300 || - || 300 || <br />
|-<br />
| Implant Strip Pitch (_m) || 75 || 75 || 228 || 25 || 100/200 || 20 || 25,29,33 || 25 || 25 || 25 || 10to50 || 500 || 75 || 50 || 73 || 65 || 88 || 60 || 80 || 120 || 240 || - || 120 || 75 || 50 || 73 || 65 || 76 || 25.5<br />
|- <br />
| Readout Strip Pitch (_m) || 150 || 150 || - || - || - || - || - || 50 || 50 || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || 150 || 50 || 146 || 65 || 152 || 51<br />
|-<br />
| Strip Width (_m) || 9 || - || 60 || 12 || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || 50 || 10 || 55 || 12 || - || 10 || 15 || 25 || 35 || up to 86 || 14 || 50 || 10 || 55 || 12 || 24 || 10<br />
|-<br />
| Implant Depth (_m) || 1.2 || - || 5 || 5 || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || 1 || 2 || || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || <br />
|-<br />
| # Readout Strips || 256 || 256 || || - || - || - || 512 || - || - || 629 || - || 56 || 1024 || 512 || 1024 || 512 || || - || - || - || - || - || 512 || 1024 || 512 || 1024 || 512 || 1024 || 512<br />
|-<br />
| Strip Angle (degrees) || ±1.5 || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || <br />
|-<br />
| Cut Size (mm x mm) || 42.0x111.62 || 42.0x111.62 || - || - || 24x30 || 24x36 || - || - || - || 33x60 || - || 30x30 || 79.2x28.4 || - || - || - || 59x34 || - || - || - || - || - || 64.2x64.2 || - || - || - || - || - || - ||<br />
|-<br />
| Active Area (mm x mm) || 40.0x109.62 || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || -|| - || - || -|| -|| - || - || - || - || - || - || - || <br />
|-<br />
| Depletion Voltage (V) || 40<V<200 || - || 100 || 100 || - || - || - || - || - || 35 || - || ~40 || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || 40<V<100 || - || - || - || - || - || - || <br />
|-<br />
| Readout Chip || SVX4 || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || Tektronix DSA602A || FoxFET || - || - || - || - || - || - || -|| - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || <br />
|-<br />
| Spatial Resolution (_m) || - || ~40to~20 || - || - || - || 4.5to7 || - || 1.4(best) || - || 6 || - || - || ~20to50 || -~20to50 || ~20to50 || ~20to50 || 22 || - || - || - || - || - || 20 || - || - || - || - || - || - || <br />
|-<br />
| Time Resolution (ns) || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || -|| - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - ||- || - || <br />
|-<br />
| Notes || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || z || r phi || z || r phi || z || r phi<br />
|}</div>Srn5https://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/index.php?title=Link_to_Page&diff=3073Link to Page2007-11-06T06:22:49Z<p>Srn5: /* Relevant Parameters */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Related Papers ==<br />
===Silicon Vertex Detectors===<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4D0Y6DP-1&_user=1967573&_coverDate=11%2F11%2F2004&_alid=636311647&_rdoc=11&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=90&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=38fb3a7edace710fd475f3a01a9f5fd8 A new Monte Carlo code for full simulation of silicon strip detectors] [http://nuclear.unh.edu/secure/Silicon_Strip_Detector_Simulation_NIM533_322.pdf Local Copy ]<br />
**Detailed description of simulation design for ionization and signal readout in SSD<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4FKY7FT-1&_user=1967573&_coverDate=04%2F01%2F2005&_alid=627076008&_rdoc=23&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=79&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=a8a9aac50928fdb047ba2133e9c04b00 Silicon tracking detectors - historical overview]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-41F5X25-9&_user=1967573&_coverDate=10%2F11%2F2000&_alid=627077088&_rdoc=26&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=93&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=513a697b1624ddaf8b5619e004dd3123 Overview: silicon vertex detectors and trackers]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-46MC9SG-7&_user=1967573&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1995&_alid=627078546&_rdoc=7&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=171&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=a86eaec2a3c0ddf31483c56258ed48b8 Characterization and quality control of silicon microstrip detectors with an infrared diode laser system]<br />
**Useful for studying angle of incidence of laser in tests<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FCC6-TH&_user=1967573&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1993&_alid=627080328&_rdoc=38&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=77&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=e37879eab740fc952d8a182cb99f97f1 The OPAL milicon microvertex detector] [http://nuclear.unh.edu/secure/OPAL_SVT_NIM_A324_34.pdf | Local Copy ]<br />
**Heavy in readout electronics and algorithms <br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FC4B-PP&_user=1967573&_coverDate=07%2F15%2F1988&_alid=627081491&_rdoc=22&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=87&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=4e664556fa71769632bd598dbbfa2215 Infrared light charge injector as a tool for the study of silicon detectors]<br />
<br />
===Micromegas Detectors===<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-3VSPXSV-Y&_user=1967573&_coverDate=06%2F21%2F1996&_alid=636332497&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=e234b18f985161d8372a825460c25e1e Micromegas: a high-granularity position-sensitive gaseous detector for high particle-flux environments] <br />
**Initial paper on Micromegas<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-3VHW9D0-8&_user=1967573&_coverDate=12%2F21%2F1998&_alid=636333833&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=a223645319adabdec0a3b9c7efb5a569 Development and prospects of the new gaseous detector "Miromegas"] <br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-3VPCFGM-5&_user=1967573&_coverDate=02%2F21%2F1999&_alid=636334586&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=0e50030780c1773c770913adb1e8deb9 Development of a fast gaseous detector: 'Micromegas'] <br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-430WX8M-W&_user=1967573&_coverDate=04%2F01%2F2001&_alid=636335429&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=bf6be193322b130bbcfaaf14bccb4166 Spatial resolution and rate capabilities of Micromegas detector]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-45HFC9M-1B&_user=1967573&_coverDate=02%2F01%2F2002&_alid=636336699&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=505228ff2b41c67e5bff1d6858d013d5 Tracking with 40x40 cm square Micromegas detectors in tyhe high energy, high luminosity COMPASS experiment]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-45HFC9M-1C&_user=1967573&_coverDate=02%2F01%2F2002&_alid=636343096&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=6db3290e2d6b0b3e9d4a8a355a11cded Electron drift velocity measurements at high electric fields]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4J3NWY9-4&_user=1967573&_coverDate=05%2F10%2F2006&_alid=636343872&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=60b0b0c4e0fcb88acd67f5a22e15737a Micromegas in a bulk]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4MCW7M1-N&_user=1967573&_coverDate=04%2F01%2F2007&_alid=636344447&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=154be31a8f397f0b63558168f0356f68 Performance of the Micromegas detector in the CAST experiment]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4MYVG40-3&_user=1967573&_coverDate=06%2F11%2F2007&_alid=636345106&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=b743d729ebabdd390f3d43caf1dd33b6 On the geometrical design of integrated Micromegas detectors]<br />
<br />
==Outside Contacts==<br />
*[[Professor Jim Connell]]<br />
<br />
*[[Marionicolla Mazziotti]]<br />
<br />
*[[Jacques Ball]]<br />
<br />
==Relevant Parameters== <br />
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="1"<br />
|- style="font-color:blue;font-weight:bold"<br />
| || CN 2006-014 || CN 2006-016 <br />
| align="center" colspan="2" |NIM 533 <br />
| align="center" colspan="3" |NIM 541 <br />
| align="center" | NIM 453 || align="center" | NIM 352 || align="center" | NIM 324 || align="center" colspan="2" | NIM 270 || align="center" colspan="4" | NIM 560 || align="center" | NIM 501 || align="center" colspan="5" | NIM 485||align="center" | NIM 581 || align="center" colspan="6" | NIM in press <br />
|-<br />
| Thickness (_m) || 300-320 || 300 || 400 || 325 || 400 || 280 || || 300 || 300 || 300 || - || 200 || - || - || - || - || 300 || 320±15/320±15 || 290±15/295±15 || - || - || - || 300 || - || 300 || - || 300 || - || 300 || <br />
|-<br />
| Implant Strip Pitch (_m) || 75 || 75 || 228 || 25 || 100/200 || 20 || 25,29,33 || 25 || 25 || 25 || 10 to 50 || 500 || 75 || 50 || 73 || 65 || 88 || 60 || 80 || 120 || 240 || - || 120 || 75 || 50 || 73 || 65 || 76 || 25.5<br />
|- <br />
| Readout Strip Pitch (_m) || 150 || 150 || - || - || - || - || - || 50 || 50 || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || || - || - || - || - || - || 150 || 50 || 146 || 65 || 152 || 51<br />
|-<br />
| Strip Width (_m) || 9 || - || 60 || 12 || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || 50 || 10 || 55 || 12 || - || 10 || 15 || 25 || 35 || up to 86 || 14 || 50 || 10 || 55 || 12 || 24 || 10<br />
|-<br />
| Implant Depth (_m) || 1.2 || - || 5 || 5 || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || 1 || 2 || || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || <br />
|-<br />
| # Readout Strips || 256 || 256 || || - || - || - || 512 || - || - || 629 || - || 56 || 1024 || 512 || 1024 || 512 || || - || - || - || - || - || 512 || 1024 || 512 || 1024 || 512 || 1024 || 512<br />
|-<br />
| Strip Angle (degrees) || ±1.5 || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || <br />
|-<br />
| Cut Size (mm x mm) || 42.0x111.62 || 42.0x111.62 || - || - || 24x30 || 24x36 || - || - || - || 33x60 || - || 30x30 || 79.2x28.4 || - || - || - || 59x34 || - || - || - || - || - || 64.2x64.2 || - || - || - || - || - || - ||<br />
|-<br />
| Active Area (mm x mm) || 40.0x109.62 || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || -|| - || - || -|| -|| - || - || - || - || - || - || - || <br />
|-<br />
| Depletion Voltage (V) || 40<V<200 || - || 100 || 100 || - || - || - || - || - || 35 || - || ~40 || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || 40<V<100 || - || - || - || - || - || - || <br />
|-<br />
| Readout Chip || SVX4 || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || Tektronix DSA602A || FoxFET || - || - || - || - || - || - || -|| - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || <br />
|-<br />
| Spatial Resolution (_m) || - || ~40to~20 || - || - || - || 4.5to7 || - || 1.4(best) || - || 6 || - || - || ~20to50 || -~20to50 || ~20to50 || ~20to50 || 22 || - || - || - || - || - || 20 || - || - || - || - || - || - || <br />
|-<br />
| Time Resolution (ns) || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || -|| - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - ||- || - || <br />
|-<br />
| Notes || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || z || r phi || z || r phi || z || r phi<br />
|}</div>Srn5https://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/index.php?title=Link_to_Page&diff=3072Link to Page2007-11-06T06:07:22Z<p>Srn5: /* Relevant Parameters */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Related Papers ==<br />
===Silicon Vertex Detectors===<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4D0Y6DP-1&_user=1967573&_coverDate=11%2F11%2F2004&_alid=636311647&_rdoc=11&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=90&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=38fb3a7edace710fd475f3a01a9f5fd8 A new Monte Carlo code for full simulation of silicon strip detectors] [http://nuclear.unh.edu/secure/Silicon_Strip_Detector_Simulation_NIM533_322.pdf Local Copy ]<br />
**Detailed description of simulation design for ionization and signal readout in SSD<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4FKY7FT-1&_user=1967573&_coverDate=04%2F01%2F2005&_alid=627076008&_rdoc=23&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=79&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=a8a9aac50928fdb047ba2133e9c04b00 Silicon tracking detectors - historical overview]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-41F5X25-9&_user=1967573&_coverDate=10%2F11%2F2000&_alid=627077088&_rdoc=26&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=93&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=513a697b1624ddaf8b5619e004dd3123 Overview: silicon vertex detectors and trackers]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-46MC9SG-7&_user=1967573&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1995&_alid=627078546&_rdoc=7&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=171&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=a86eaec2a3c0ddf31483c56258ed48b8 Characterization and quality control of silicon microstrip detectors with an infrared diode laser system]<br />
**Useful for studying angle of incidence of laser in tests<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FCC6-TH&_user=1967573&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1993&_alid=627080328&_rdoc=38&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=77&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=e37879eab740fc952d8a182cb99f97f1 The OPAL milicon microvertex detector] [http://nuclear.unh.edu/secure/OPAL_SVT_NIM_A324_34.pdf | Local Copy ]<br />
**Heavy in readout electronics and algorithms <br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FC4B-PP&_user=1967573&_coverDate=07%2F15%2F1988&_alid=627081491&_rdoc=22&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=87&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=4e664556fa71769632bd598dbbfa2215 Infrared light charge injector as a tool for the study of silicon detectors]<br />
<br />
===Micromegas Detectors===<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-3VSPXSV-Y&_user=1967573&_coverDate=06%2F21%2F1996&_alid=636332497&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=e234b18f985161d8372a825460c25e1e Micromegas: a high-granularity position-sensitive gaseous detector for high particle-flux environments] <br />
**Initial paper on Micromegas<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-3VHW9D0-8&_user=1967573&_coverDate=12%2F21%2F1998&_alid=636333833&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=a223645319adabdec0a3b9c7efb5a569 Development and prospects of the new gaseous detector "Miromegas"] <br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-3VPCFGM-5&_user=1967573&_coverDate=02%2F21%2F1999&_alid=636334586&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=0e50030780c1773c770913adb1e8deb9 Development of a fast gaseous detector: 'Micromegas'] <br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-430WX8M-W&_user=1967573&_coverDate=04%2F01%2F2001&_alid=636335429&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=bf6be193322b130bbcfaaf14bccb4166 Spatial resolution and rate capabilities of Micromegas detector]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-45HFC9M-1B&_user=1967573&_coverDate=02%2F01%2F2002&_alid=636336699&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=505228ff2b41c67e5bff1d6858d013d5 Tracking with 40x40 cm square Micromegas detectors in tyhe high energy, high luminosity COMPASS experiment]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-45HFC9M-1C&_user=1967573&_coverDate=02%2F01%2F2002&_alid=636343096&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=6db3290e2d6b0b3e9d4a8a355a11cded Electron drift velocity measurements at high electric fields]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4J3NWY9-4&_user=1967573&_coverDate=05%2F10%2F2006&_alid=636343872&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=60b0b0c4e0fcb88acd67f5a22e15737a Micromegas in a bulk]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4MCW7M1-N&_user=1967573&_coverDate=04%2F01%2F2007&_alid=636344447&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=154be31a8f397f0b63558168f0356f68 Performance of the Micromegas detector in the CAST experiment]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4MYVG40-3&_user=1967573&_coverDate=06%2F11%2F2007&_alid=636345106&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=b743d729ebabdd390f3d43caf1dd33b6 On the geometrical design of integrated Micromegas detectors]<br />
<br />
==Outside Contacts==<br />
*[[Professor Jim Connell]]<br />
<br />
*[[Marionicolla Mazziotti]]<br />
<br />
*[[Jacques Ball]]<br />
<br />
==Relevant Parameters== <br />
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="1"<br />
|- style="font-color:blue;font-weight:bold"<br />
| || CN 2006-014 || CN 2006-016 <br />
| align="center" colspan="2" |NIM 533 <br />
| align="center" colspan="3" |NIM 541 <br />
| align="center" | NIM 453 || align="center" | NIM 352 || align="center" | NIM 324 || align="center" | NIM 270 || || align="center" | NIM 560 || || || || align="center" | NIM 501 || align="center" | NIM 485 || || || || || align="center" | NIM 581 || align="center" | NIM in press || || || || || <br />
|-<br />
| Thickness (_m) || 300-320 || 300 || 400 || 325 || 400 || 280 || || 300 || 300 || 300 || || 200 || || || || || 300 || 320±15/320±15 || 290±15/295±15 || || || || 300 || || 300 || || 300 || || 300 || <br />
|-<br />
| Implant Strip Pitch (_m) || 75 || 75 || 228 || 25 || 100/200 || 20 || 25,29,33 || 25 || 25 || 25 || 10 to 50 || 500 || 75 || 50 || 73 || 65 || 88 || 60 || 80 || 120 || 240 || || 120 || || 75 || 50 || 73 || 65 || 76 || 25.5<br />
|- <br />
| Readout Strip Pitch (_m) || 150 || 150 || || || || || || 50 || 50 || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || 150 || 50 || 146 || 65 || 152 || 51<br />
|-<br />
| Strip Width (_m) || 9 || || 60 || 12 || || || || || || || || || 50 || 10 || 55 || 12 || || 10 || 15 || 25 || 35 || up to 86 || 14 || || 50 || 10 || 55 || 12 || 24 || 10<br />
|-<br />
| Implant Depth (_m) || 1.2 || || 5 || 5 || || || || || || || || || || || || || || 1 || 2 || || || || || || || || || || || <br />
|-<br />
| # Readout Strips || 256 || 256 || || || || || 512 || || || 629 || || 56 || 1024 || 512 || 1024 || 512 || || || || || || || 512 || || 1024 || 512 || 1024 || 512 || 1024 || 512<br />
|-<br />
| Strip Angle (degrees) || ±1.5 || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || <br />
|-<br />
| Cut Size (mm x mm) || 42.0 x 111.62 || 42.0 x 111.62 || || || 24 x 30 || 24 x 36 || || || || 33 x 60 || || 30 x 30 || 79.2 x 28.4 || || || || 59 x 34 || || || || || || 64.2 x 64.2 || || || || || || || <br />
|-<br />
| Active Area (mm x mm) || 40.0 x 109.62 || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || <br />
|-<br />
| Depletion Voltage (V) || 40<V<200 || || 100 || 100 || || || || || || 35 || || ~40 || || || || || || || || || || || 40<V<100 || || || || || || || <br />
|-<br />
| Readout Chip || SVX4 || || || || || || || || Tektronix DSA602A || FoxFET || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || <br />
|-<br />
| Spatial Resolution (_m) || || ~40 _ ~20 || || || || 4.5 to 7 || || 1.4 (best) || || 6 || || || ~20 to 50 || ~20 to 50 || ~20 to 50 || ~20 to 50 || 22 || || || || || || 20 || || || || || || || <br />
|-<br />
| Time Resolution (ns) || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || <br />
|-<br />
| Notes || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || z || r phi || z || r phi || z || r phi<br />
|}</div>Srn5https://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/index.php?title=Jacques_Ball&diff=3071Jacques Ball2007-11-06T04:51:58Z<p>Srn5: </p>
<hr />
<div>Jacques Ball is my mentor in Saclay, France at the Centre l'Energie Atomique with whom I will be working this coming summer on my IROP project. <br />
<br />
I will be performing tests on the Micromegas detectors that are to be implemented surrounding the SVTs. These dtectors are a relatively new technology and so the parameters still have to be tweaked. Of interest is the gas mixture, the bias voltages, and the operation of the detectors in the 5T magnetic field in CLAS12.</div>Srn5https://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/index.php?title=Marionicolla_Mazziotti&diff=3070Marionicolla Mazziotti2007-11-06T04:49:02Z<p>Srn5: </p>
<hr />
<div>After reading the NIM 544 paper, Maurik and I decided that contacting Dr. Mazziotti would be a good idea to see if he would be willing to give us input on simulations and any further information about his code. We also asked him if he would be willing to share his code to help us with cinsiderations in ours.<br />
<br />
He responded and described his code. It is broken into two main sections. The first section simulates particles causing for e-h pairs to be produced. The second section deals with the drifiting of the electrons and holes and the deposition of charge and the associated output signal. This code uses the MAXWELL package which can be found at www.ansoft.com for the student version. Dr. Mazziotti is presently working to put the code in a package to send to us for our use.</div>Srn5https://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/index.php?title=Professor_Jim_Connell&diff=3069Professor Jim Connell2007-11-06T04:34:12Z<p>Srn5: </p>
<hr />
<div>I met with Dr. Jim Connell on November 2 to discuss the use of silicon detectors in the work he does. <br />
<br />
Dr. Connell works in Morse Hall in the Space Science Center using silicon detectors to study particles in space. I began by asking him about simulations they run and he said that they do not require very high precision in their instruments and do not simulate things with as much detail as is included in the NIM 544 paper (included in Relevent Papers section). The reason that they do not need as high precision is because they are concerned with just the type of particle that is incident on the detector rather than the position at which it hits. However, being able to tell its position can be very useful in some cases to refine measurements when particles are not incident at normal angles.<br />
<br />
The main detector setup is one that works on a circular surface with a single set of 222 strips oriented parallel across the disk of silicon. Each of these strips is attached at one end to a single readout that reads out the energy of the entire array (E) and the other is attached to a series of resistrs and an amplifier that reads out the associated energy on a certain strip (P). To a first order approximation, this setup allows for the position to be determined as x~P/E. On the Ulysses project there are two stacks of three detectors oriented at 60 degrees to each other. The redundancy of having three per stack is to ensure that at least two make it to space. If all three survive, then the third acts as a check for the first two to give a measure of the precision. Having two stacks allows for two (x,y) measurements and thus the path of the particle which is approximated at a straight line. In addition to the redundancy, another big difference in his work is that he must take into consideration the power output of his detector and usually a detector runs on ~4W of power where as our detectors have nearly unlimited power sources.<br />
<br />
The next issue we adressed was that of the the thickness of the detectors. I asked him why 300microns is a usual choice of thickness. This is because of the balance that must be made between signal size (SS) and capacitative noise (CN) while taking into consideration that a thicker detector is more detirmental to a beam and takes more energy out of it. The main focus is to look for a good SS:CN ratio. The relations are SS~thickness and CN~1/thickness. Thus, with a smaller detector, the capcitative noise goes up and the signal goes down. To fix this, the detectors are made larger. However, there is a limit at which the beam is impeded too much and hurts measurements too much. This problem can be remedied by dividing the anode into strips. This reduces the effective capcitance and thus CN for each strip while keeping the SS the same for each strip as the amount of charge deposited is constant. Doing this then increases the SS:CN ratio and also allows for coordinates to be extracted more readily. With experience, the best balance for many cases has been found to be ~300microns.<br />
<br />
He and I then discussed the advantages of having these detectors in his work. On the Ulysses project, these are useful in that they allow for the incident path of the particle on the energy detectors to be determined. This is important as the energy deposited in a layer is proportional to the path length and increases as you go away from normal. Knowing the incident angle well allows for corrections to be made and so you can use the detector to tell the different between elements better.<br />
<br />
This was a very effective talk and he invited me to look on when they tested some of their detectors. This is something I would like to do and I hope to meet with him again.</div>Srn5https://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/index.php?title=Link_to_Page&diff=3068Link to Page2007-11-06T04:11:18Z<p>Srn5: /* Outside Contacts */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Related Papers ==<br />
===Silicon Vertex Detectors===<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4D0Y6DP-1&_user=1967573&_coverDate=11%2F11%2F2004&_alid=636311647&_rdoc=11&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=90&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=38fb3a7edace710fd475f3a01a9f5fd8 A new Monte Carlo code for full simulation of silicon strip detectors] [http://nuclear.unh.edu/secure/Silicon_Strip_Detector_Simulation_NIM533_322.pdf Local Copy ]<br />
**Detailed description of simulation design for ionization and signal readout in SSD<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4FKY7FT-1&_user=1967573&_coverDate=04%2F01%2F2005&_alid=627076008&_rdoc=23&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=79&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=a8a9aac50928fdb047ba2133e9c04b00 Silicon tracking detectors - historical overview]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-41F5X25-9&_user=1967573&_coverDate=10%2F11%2F2000&_alid=627077088&_rdoc=26&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=93&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=513a697b1624ddaf8b5619e004dd3123 Overview: silicon vertex detectors and trackers]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-46MC9SG-7&_user=1967573&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1995&_alid=627078546&_rdoc=7&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=171&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=a86eaec2a3c0ddf31483c56258ed48b8 Characterization and quality control of silicon microstrip detectors with an infrared diode laser system]<br />
**Useful for studying angle of incidence of laser in tests<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FCC6-TH&_user=1967573&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1993&_alid=627080328&_rdoc=38&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=77&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=e37879eab740fc952d8a182cb99f97f1 The OPAL milicon microvertex detector] [http://nuclear.unh.edu/secure/OPAL_SVT_NIM_A324_34.pdf | Local Copy ]<br />
**Heavy in readout electronics and algorithms <br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FC4B-PP&_user=1967573&_coverDate=07%2F15%2F1988&_alid=627081491&_rdoc=22&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=87&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=4e664556fa71769632bd598dbbfa2215 Infrared light charge injector as a tool for the study of silicon detectors]<br />
<br />
===Micromegas Detectors===<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-3VSPXSV-Y&_user=1967573&_coverDate=06%2F21%2F1996&_alid=636332497&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=e234b18f985161d8372a825460c25e1e Micromegas: a high-granularity position-sensitive gaseous detector for high particle-flux environments] <br />
**Initial paper on Micromegas<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-3VHW9D0-8&_user=1967573&_coverDate=12%2F21%2F1998&_alid=636333833&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=a223645319adabdec0a3b9c7efb5a569 Development and prospects of the new gaseous detector "Miromegas"] <br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-3VPCFGM-5&_user=1967573&_coverDate=02%2F21%2F1999&_alid=636334586&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=0e50030780c1773c770913adb1e8deb9 Development of a fast gaseous detector: 'Micromegas'] <br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-430WX8M-W&_user=1967573&_coverDate=04%2F01%2F2001&_alid=636335429&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=bf6be193322b130bbcfaaf14bccb4166 Spatial resolution and rate capabilities of Micromegas detector]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-45HFC9M-1B&_user=1967573&_coverDate=02%2F01%2F2002&_alid=636336699&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=505228ff2b41c67e5bff1d6858d013d5 Tracking with 40x40 cm square Micromegas detectors in tyhe high energy, high luminosity COMPASS experiment]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-45HFC9M-1C&_user=1967573&_coverDate=02%2F01%2F2002&_alid=636343096&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=6db3290e2d6b0b3e9d4a8a355a11cded Electron drift velocity measurements at high electric fields]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4J3NWY9-4&_user=1967573&_coverDate=05%2F10%2F2006&_alid=636343872&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=60b0b0c4e0fcb88acd67f5a22e15737a Micromegas in a bulk]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4MCW7M1-N&_user=1967573&_coverDate=04%2F01%2F2007&_alid=636344447&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=154be31a8f397f0b63558168f0356f68 Performance of the Micromegas detector in the CAST experiment]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4MYVG40-3&_user=1967573&_coverDate=06%2F11%2F2007&_alid=636345106&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=b743d729ebabdd390f3d43caf1dd33b6 On the geometrical design of integrated Micromegas detectors]<br />
<br />
==Outside Contacts==<br />
*[[Professor Jim Connell]]<br />
<br />
*[[Marionicolla Mazziotti]]<br />
<br />
*[[Jacques Ball]]<br />
<br />
==Relevant Parameters== <br />
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="1"<br />
|- style="font-color:blue;font-weight:bold"<br />
| || CN 2006-014 || CN 2006-016 <br />
| colspan="2" |<br />
NIM 533 <br />
| colspan="3" |<br />
NIM 541 <br />
| NIM 453 || NIM 352 || NIM 324 || NIM 270 || || NIM 560 || || || || NIM 501 || NIM 485 || || || || || NIM 581 || || NIM in press || || || || || <br />
|-<br />
| Thickness (_m) || 300-320 || 300 || 400 || 325 || 400 || 280 || || 300 || 300 || 300 || || 200 || || || || || 300 || 320±15/320±15 || 290±15/295±15 || || || || 300 || || 300 || || 300 || || 300 || <br />
|-<br />
| Implant Strip Pitch (_m) || 75 || 75 || 228 || 25 || 100/200 || 20 || "25 || 29 || 33" || 25 || 25 || 25 || 10 to 50 || 500 || 75 || 50 || 73 || 65 || 88 || 60 || 80 || 120 || 240 || || 120 || || 75 || 50 || 73 || 65 || 76 || 25.5<br />
|- <br />
| Readout Strip Pitch (_m) || 150 || 150 || || || || || || 50 || 50 || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || 150 || 50 || 146 || 65 || 152 || 51<br />
|-<br />
| Strip Width (_m) || 9 || || 60 || 12 || || || || || || || || || 50 || 10 || 55 || 12 || || 10 || 15 || 25 || 35 || up to 86 || 14 || || 50 || 10 || 55 || 12 || 24 || 10<br />
|-<br />
| Implant Depth (_m) || 1.2 || || 5 || 5 || || || || || || || || || || || || || || 1 || 2 || || || || || || || || || || || <br />
|-<br />
| # Readout Strips || 256 || 256 || || || || || 512 || || || 629 || || 56 || 1024 || 512 || 1024 || 512 || || || || || || || 512 || || 1024 || 512 || 1024 || 512 || 1024 || 512<br />
|-<br />
| Strip Angle (degrees) || ±1.5 || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || <br />
|-<br />
| Cut Size (mm x mm) || 42.0 x 111.62 || 42.0 x 111.62 || || || 24 x 30 || 24 x 36 || || || || 33 x 60 || || 30 x 30 || 79.2 x 28.4 || || || || 59 x 34 || || || || || || 64.2 x 64.2 || || || || || || || <br />
|-<br />
| Active Area (mm x mm) || 40.0 x 109.62 || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || <br />
|-<br />
| Depletion Voltage (V) || 40<V<200 || || 100 || 100 || || || || || || 35 || || ~40 || || || || || || || || || || || 40<V<100 || || || || || || || <br />
|-<br />
| Readout Chip || SVX4 || || || || || || || || Tektronix DSA602A || FoxFET || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || <br />
|-<br />
| Spatial Resolution (_m) || || ~40 _ ~20 || || || || 4.5 to 7 || || 1.4 (best) || || 6 || || || ~20 to 50 || ~20 to 50 || ~20 to 50 || ~20 to 50 || 22 || || || || || || 20 || || || || || || || <br />
|-<br />
| Time Resolution (ns) || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || <br />
|-<br />
| Notes || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || z || r phi || z || r phi || z || r phi<br />
|}</div>Srn5https://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/index.php?title=Link_to_Page&diff=3067Link to Page2007-11-06T04:11:01Z<p>Srn5: </p>
<hr />
<div>== Related Papers ==<br />
===Silicon Vertex Detectors===<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4D0Y6DP-1&_user=1967573&_coverDate=11%2F11%2F2004&_alid=636311647&_rdoc=11&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=90&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=38fb3a7edace710fd475f3a01a9f5fd8 A new Monte Carlo code for full simulation of silicon strip detectors] [http://nuclear.unh.edu/secure/Silicon_Strip_Detector_Simulation_NIM533_322.pdf Local Copy ]<br />
**Detailed description of simulation design for ionization and signal readout in SSD<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4FKY7FT-1&_user=1967573&_coverDate=04%2F01%2F2005&_alid=627076008&_rdoc=23&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=79&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=a8a9aac50928fdb047ba2133e9c04b00 Silicon tracking detectors - historical overview]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-41F5X25-9&_user=1967573&_coverDate=10%2F11%2F2000&_alid=627077088&_rdoc=26&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=93&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=513a697b1624ddaf8b5619e004dd3123 Overview: silicon vertex detectors and trackers]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-46MC9SG-7&_user=1967573&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1995&_alid=627078546&_rdoc=7&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=171&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=a86eaec2a3c0ddf31483c56258ed48b8 Characterization and quality control of silicon microstrip detectors with an infrared diode laser system]<br />
**Useful for studying angle of incidence of laser in tests<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FCC6-TH&_user=1967573&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1993&_alid=627080328&_rdoc=38&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=77&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=e37879eab740fc952d8a182cb99f97f1 The OPAL milicon microvertex detector] [http://nuclear.unh.edu/secure/OPAL_SVT_NIM_A324_34.pdf | Local Copy ]<br />
**Heavy in readout electronics and algorithms <br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FC4B-PP&_user=1967573&_coverDate=07%2F15%2F1988&_alid=627081491&_rdoc=22&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=87&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=4e664556fa71769632bd598dbbfa2215 Infrared light charge injector as a tool for the study of silicon detectors]<br />
<br />
===Micromegas Detectors===<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-3VSPXSV-Y&_user=1967573&_coverDate=06%2F21%2F1996&_alid=636332497&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=e234b18f985161d8372a825460c25e1e Micromegas: a high-granularity position-sensitive gaseous detector for high particle-flux environments] <br />
**Initial paper on Micromegas<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-3VHW9D0-8&_user=1967573&_coverDate=12%2F21%2F1998&_alid=636333833&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=a223645319adabdec0a3b9c7efb5a569 Development and prospects of the new gaseous detector "Miromegas"] <br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-3VPCFGM-5&_user=1967573&_coverDate=02%2F21%2F1999&_alid=636334586&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=0e50030780c1773c770913adb1e8deb9 Development of a fast gaseous detector: 'Micromegas'] <br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-430WX8M-W&_user=1967573&_coverDate=04%2F01%2F2001&_alid=636335429&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=bf6be193322b130bbcfaaf14bccb4166 Spatial resolution and rate capabilities of Micromegas detector]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-45HFC9M-1B&_user=1967573&_coverDate=02%2F01%2F2002&_alid=636336699&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=505228ff2b41c67e5bff1d6858d013d5 Tracking with 40x40 cm square Micromegas detectors in tyhe high energy, high luminosity COMPASS experiment]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-45HFC9M-1C&_user=1967573&_coverDate=02%2F01%2F2002&_alid=636343096&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=6db3290e2d6b0b3e9d4a8a355a11cded Electron drift velocity measurements at high electric fields]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4J3NWY9-4&_user=1967573&_coverDate=05%2F10%2F2006&_alid=636343872&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=60b0b0c4e0fcb88acd67f5a22e15737a Micromegas in a bulk]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4MCW7M1-N&_user=1967573&_coverDate=04%2F01%2F2007&_alid=636344447&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=154be31a8f397f0b63558168f0356f68 Performance of the Micromegas detector in the CAST experiment]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4MYVG40-3&_user=1967573&_coverDate=06%2F11%2F2007&_alid=636345106&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=b743d729ebabdd390f3d43caf1dd33b6 On the geometrical design of integrated Micromegas detectors]<br />
<br />
==Outside Contacts==<br />
[[Professor Jim Connell]]<br />
<br />
[[Marionicolla Mazziotti]]<br />
<br />
[[Jacques Ball]]<br />
<br />
==Relevant Parameters== <br />
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="1"<br />
|- style="font-color:blue;font-weight:bold"<br />
| || CN 2006-014 || CN 2006-016 <br />
| colspan="2" |<br />
NIM 533 <br />
| colspan="3" |<br />
NIM 541 <br />
| NIM 453 || NIM 352 || NIM 324 || NIM 270 || || NIM 560 || || || || NIM 501 || NIM 485 || || || || || NIM 581 || || NIM in press || || || || || <br />
|-<br />
| Thickness (_m) || 300-320 || 300 || 400 || 325 || 400 || 280 || || 300 || 300 || 300 || || 200 || || || || || 300 || 320±15/320±15 || 290±15/295±15 || || || || 300 || || 300 || || 300 || || 300 || <br />
|-<br />
| Implant Strip Pitch (_m) || 75 || 75 || 228 || 25 || 100/200 || 20 || "25 || 29 || 33" || 25 || 25 || 25 || 10 to 50 || 500 || 75 || 50 || 73 || 65 || 88 || 60 || 80 || 120 || 240 || || 120 || || 75 || 50 || 73 || 65 || 76 || 25.5<br />
|- <br />
| Readout Strip Pitch (_m) || 150 || 150 || || || || || || 50 || 50 || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || 150 || 50 || 146 || 65 || 152 || 51<br />
|-<br />
| Strip Width (_m) || 9 || || 60 || 12 || || || || || || || || || 50 || 10 || 55 || 12 || || 10 || 15 || 25 || 35 || up to 86 || 14 || || 50 || 10 || 55 || 12 || 24 || 10<br />
|-<br />
| Implant Depth (_m) || 1.2 || || 5 || 5 || || || || || || || || || || || || || || 1 || 2 || || || || || || || || || || || <br />
|-<br />
| # Readout Strips || 256 || 256 || || || || || 512 || || || 629 || || 56 || 1024 || 512 || 1024 || 512 || || || || || || || 512 || || 1024 || 512 || 1024 || 512 || 1024 || 512<br />
|-<br />
| Strip Angle (degrees) || ±1.5 || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || <br />
|-<br />
| Cut Size (mm x mm) || 42.0 x 111.62 || 42.0 x 111.62 || || || 24 x 30 || 24 x 36 || || || || 33 x 60 || || 30 x 30 || 79.2 x 28.4 || || || || 59 x 34 || || || || || || 64.2 x 64.2 || || || || || || || <br />
|-<br />
| Active Area (mm x mm) || 40.0 x 109.62 || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || <br />
|-<br />
| Depletion Voltage (V) || 40<V<200 || || 100 || 100 || || || || || || 35 || || ~40 || || || || || || || || || || || 40<V<100 || || || || || || || <br />
|-<br />
| Readout Chip || SVX4 || || || || || || || || Tektronix DSA602A || FoxFET || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || <br />
|-<br />
| Spatial Resolution (_m) || || ~40 _ ~20 || || || || 4.5 to 7 || || 1.4 (best) || || 6 || || || ~20 to 50 || ~20 to 50 || ~20 to 50 || ~20 to 50 || 22 || || || || || || 20 || || || || || || || <br />
|-<br />
| Time Resolution (ns) || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || <br />
|-<br />
| Notes || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || z || r phi || z || r phi || z || r phi<br />
|}</div>Srn5https://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/index.php?title=Summary&diff=3066Summary2007-11-06T04:08:39Z<p>Srn5: </p>
<hr />
<div>This paper gave a very detailed overview of the methods used to simulate the response of a silicon detector to an ionizing particle incident in the dtector. <br />
<br />
The description was very complete and began with a discussion of the energy loss of a charged particle in the silicon of the detector. It then went into the primary and secondary creation of electron hole pairs in the silicon. One thing of importance in this discussion was the energy of the particle and the fact that to create an e-h pair the particle has to have an energy equal to or greater than that of the band gap energy of silicon. In addition to being created by charged particles, these e-h paris can be created by photons which is a topic of discussion as well.<br />
<br />
After discussion the means by which the initial charge is produced, it discusses the drifting of the electrons and holes to the different sides of the "capacitor" that is set up in the detector due to its construction. This is done by analyzing the electric field lines due to the strips that make separate capacitors against the opposite anode. After this, tthey discussed the manner in which this charge was transformed into a voltage signal and read out. The discussion of the electronics was very thorough and is a good place for one to begin to understand the associated electronics of a detector. In addition to the signal readout, associated noise was simulated and laid on top of the signal. <br />
<br />
The simulation was tested for two different detecotr constructions that correspond to setups used in space physics and collider physics. The results were promising as they showed how position can be determined by the charge/signal distribution on different strips of the detector. <br />
<br />
the entire paper is heavily laiden with equations which may be useful in writing a simulation of our own. However, the fineness of the details is not something that concerns our simulations but reading this paper helps to zoom in and see the finer aspects of a detector and give a step by step description of how a signal is produced given an incident particle.</div>Srn5https://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/index.php?title=SVT_Project&diff=3064SVT Project2007-11-05T20:30:35Z<p>Srn5: </p>
<hr />
<div>= The UNH Silicon Vertex Tracker Project =<br />
<br />
The UNH Nuclear Physics group will be building a test facility for the Silicon Vertex Tracker (SVT) for CLAS12. The current plan is for the SVT to be build up of 4 concentric layers. Each layer will provide x and y information from two silicon strip detectors, each detector with a different "pitch" for the strips. A scattered particle will thus go through 8 layers of silicon plus the support backing and the detector will provide 4 x,y,z points to compute a track.<br />
<br />
Previous work performed at Jlab:<br />
* '''Status: 2006'''<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-010.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-010] SVT R&D Progress Report.<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-013.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-013] Simulation of the SVX4 ASICs' Performance<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-014.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-014] Specifications for the Hall B Silicon Vertex Tracker's Prototype Module<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-021.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-021] Two Possible Configurations of the Silicon Vertex Tracker<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-024.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-024] Dead Time Due to the Frequency of Reset and Restore Operations of the SVX4 ASICs<br />
* '''Status: 2007'''<br />
** [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf Laser Test Stand Report FY 07].<br />
<br />
A completing solution for tracking in the inner detector is the ''''micromegas detector'''', see: [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2007-004.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2007-004]<br />
<br />
==Sam Meehan's Collection==<br />
[[Link to Page]]<br />
<br />
== SVT for CLAS12 - Drawing and Such ==<br />
<br />
[http://clasweb.jlab.org/instrumentation/SVT/CD2/PDF/ACD/060%20sensor%20cross-section%20represetation.pdf Cross Section Drawing of SVT chip]<br />
<br />
== Requirements for Testing == <br />
<br />
* Laser with wavelength &lambda;~1100 nm to match the band gap energy of silicon. <br />
* The mechanical system should be able to drive a laser system over a box of approximately 1m long and 15cm wide, weighing approximately 1kg. This is what we saw in the JLab electronic room.<br />
* Positioning of the laser in the x-direction much better than 150&micro;m.<br />
** Motor with high accuracy is needed.<br />
* Laser spot on the surface better than 50 &micro;m.<br />
** Very high precision motor can be used to keep fiber close to the surface.<br />
** Also can use an optical lense to focus laser beam onto the surface.<br />
* Pulse length of the laser much less than 132 nsec to match the clock rate of the SVX4 chip (if we want the charge measurement to be meaningful during the test).<br />
* If the efficiency needs to be measured we need to make sure that the laser is not fired when the pulse is be close to the end of the gate, possibly by synchronizing the laser pulser and the SVX4 clock.<br />
<br />
== Pulsed Laser for Testing ==<br />
<br />
:The main principle of the LASER test is the [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FC4B-PP&_user=859303&_coverDate=07%2F15%2F1988&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&view=c&_acct=C000046323&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=859303&md5=876b43e6aafe73c6f4ead07e2cdeece4&ref=full injection of charge into silicon using an infrared LASER]. <br />
<br />
=== Test setup at Fermi Lab ===<br />
* [http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=10174848 Pulsed LASER for testing silicon strip detectors], which was used for similar purposes at Fermi Lab. <br />
** This DO Note describes a pulsed LASER setup for testing silicon strip detectors at the Silicon Detector Facility (SiDet) of Fermilab supporting the related projects and, in particular, the DO Silicon Tracker Upgrade. It will be used in the measurements of the efficiency of individual strips and their coupling. The LASER wavelength is 1060 nm, at which the absorption length in silicon is about 2 mm. The LASER setup is capable of producing light pulses with rise time of less than 1 ns, allowing the measurement of charge pulse shaping at individual strips and their capacitive couplings. Due to the high power output of the LASER, safety considerations are included. Also discussed are precautions for the safety of the LASER itself, and how to limit the light to an area smaller than 50,pm of diameter.<br />
<br />
=== Test setup for PHENIX ===<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-46MC9SG-7&_user=859303&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1995&_alid=602137605&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_orig_alid=602137605&_cdi=5314&_st=13&_docanchor=&view=c&_subId=927762&_ct=1&_acct=C000046323&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=859303&md5=878893d1a983687b2d985de069d470b7 NIM article describing the laser test setup for PHENIX.] There is also a [http://p25ext.lanl.gov/phenix/mvd/notes/1995/PHENIX-MVD-95-1/laser.html web page describing the PHENIX test setup.] The total cost of the LASER and optics was ~$5000.<br />
<br />
=== CLAS12 Options === <br />
<br />
* Use [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] mainframe with [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 106C optical module]. This is probably most expensive option. <br />
** The [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] can also be found as [http://www.valuetronics.com/Details.aspx?ProdID=9964 a second hand product for cheaper price than the original price ]. But the most of the [http://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/images/d/df/BNC_price_list.pdf price of the setup] comes from the price of [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 106C optical module].<br />
* Use [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] mainframe with [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 085 or 065 optical modules]. The wavelength of these lasers is shorter, which yields shorter absorbtion length for silicon, leading to concentration of the charge near the surface. <br />
* Use [http://www.us-lasers.com/d670nm5.htm a 670nm wavelength laser diode] together with [http://www.ichaus.de/product.php?prod=iC-NZ an integrated circuit laser driver] described in [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf the note by Amrit's group]. This diode also provides maximum of 670nm wavelength for the laser light. <br />
** Although [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf the note] states that a laser diode with longer than 670nm wavelength could not be found, there is [http://www.us-lasers.com/n980nm5m.htm a web page describing such a laser diode with 980nm wavelength]. At this point it is not clear if this diode is actually available in practice and for what price.<br />
* A laser system [http://www.picoquant.com/getfs.htm?products/ldh/ldhseries.htm FSL 500] from a company called <b>PicoQuant</b> based in Germany. This can be used with their laser diode LDH-S-C-1060 which provides light at 1060nm. According to their web site it can be coupled with a singlemode fiber, but the small diameter of the fiber of 10 um is not standart for them, we may end up having to find someone else to couple a fibre for us. The FSL-500 mainframe itself would cost us $13000, while the laser head is $11000, which is kind of steep for a diode. At this point it is otn clear what advantages this diode has over othe cheaper laser diodes (see below).<br />
* [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=80&cat=14 A laser diode QFLD-1060-10S from QPhotonics at 1060nm wavelength at typical power of 10mW], which costs about $300, is another option. This company is currently located in Virginia, moving to Michigan. The diode can be driven by an [http://www.avtechpulse.com/laser/avo-9e/ AVO-9E-B Avtech laser diode driver], which would satisfy our requirements and costs about $10,000. The power statibility within 12 hours of operation is RMS~1%. The lifetime for QFLD-1060-10S is 10000 hrs, after which the power may be reduced by ~20%. There are other diodes available as well: <br />
** [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=309&cat=14 QFBGLD-1060-30PM diode at 1060nm] would provide typical power of 30mW in 10000 hours, costs $1,690.00 .<br />
** [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=101&cat=14 QFBGLD-1080-2 diode at 1080 nm] provides typical power of 2mW for 50000 hours, costs $990.00.<br />
<br />
== Rail and Support System ==<br />
<br />
* The rail and support system will be based on three moving stages: one to scan across the silicon chip (x-stage), the other to focus the laser (z-stage), and the third one to move the laser to scan the chip at a different position. <br />
* Amrit's group had a prototype which included x and z statges, plus some railings designed to move them. This will serve as the starting point for the UNH design. The motor for x-motion was Zaber Technlogies T-LLS275 (or [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=KT-LLS260 equivalent model]), and the motor for z-motion was [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=NA11B60 Zaber NA11B60].<br />
* One alternative is to use T-LLS275 (or [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=KT-LLS260 equivalent model])as the y-stage, but get a new and smaller motor for x-motion since 25 cm range provided by T-LLS275 is probably too big anyway. The range and the precision of other Zaber motors might be better matched for scanning the wafer across than the relatively large T-LLS275.<br />
* Another good option is to order all three axis assembled from a single company [http://www.velmex.com/ Velmex, Inc]. The only problem I encountered with them is that they would like to build the assembly using the same type of slides without mixing different slide families, which may not be a problem but an inconvenience. Aparently the mixing drives the cost up because of various mecahnical adapters needed to match parts from different families. This option would be really nice and it would cost about $8000.<br />
<br />
== Very Brief Notes from the Wednesday Bi-weekly Tracking Meetings ==<br />
* [[ Tracking Meeting on 18 July 2007 ]]<br />
* Tracking Meeting on 01 August 2007 <br />
* [[ Tracking Meeting on 15 August 2007 ]]<br />
* [[ Tracking Meeting on 26 October 2007 ]]<br />
<br />
== Available Hardware == <br />
=== Our own ===<br />
* [http://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/images/4/4f/Dell.pdf Dell Workstation 9200 for the SVT Test] with a monitor.<br />
* [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=101&cat=14 QPhotonics Laser diode QFBGLD-1080-2 diode] at &Lambda;=1080 nm and maximum power 5mW coupled to a single mode fiber (see [[:Image:QFBGLD-1080-2.gif | the spec-sheet for this diode]]).<br />
<br />
=== From Jefferson Lab ===</div>Srn5https://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/index.php?title=Link_to_Page&diff=3063Link to Page2007-11-05T20:06:48Z<p>Srn5: </p>
<hr />
<div>== Related Papers ==<br />
===Silicon Vertex Detectors===<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4D0Y6DP-1&_user=1967573&_coverDate=11%2F11%2F2004&_alid=636311647&_rdoc=11&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=90&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=38fb3a7edace710fd475f3a01a9f5fd8 A new Monte Carlo code for full simulation of silicon strip detectors] [http://nuclear.unh.edu/secure/Silicon_Strip_Detector_Simulation_NIM533_322.pdf Local Copy ]<br />
**Detailed description of simulation design for ionization and signal readout in SSD<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4FKY7FT-1&_user=1967573&_coverDate=04%2F01%2F2005&_alid=627076008&_rdoc=23&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=79&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=a8a9aac50928fdb047ba2133e9c04b00 Silicon tracking detectors - historical overview]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-41F5X25-9&_user=1967573&_coverDate=10%2F11%2F2000&_alid=627077088&_rdoc=26&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=93&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=513a697b1624ddaf8b5619e004dd3123 Overview: silicon vertex detectors and trackers]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-46MC9SG-7&_user=1967573&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1995&_alid=627078546&_rdoc=7&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=171&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=a86eaec2a3c0ddf31483c56258ed48b8 Characterization and quality control of silicon microstrip detectors with an infrared diode laser system]<br />
**Useful for studying angle of incidence of laser in tests<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FCC6-TH&_user=1967573&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1993&_alid=627080328&_rdoc=38&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=77&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=e37879eab740fc952d8a182cb99f97f1 The OPAL milicon microvertex detector] [http://nuclear.unh.edu/secure/OPAL_SVT_NIM_A324_34.pdf | Local Copy ]<br />
**Heavy in readout electronics and algorithms <br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FC4B-PP&_user=1967573&_coverDate=07%2F15%2F1988&_alid=627081491&_rdoc=22&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=87&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=4e664556fa71769632bd598dbbfa2215 Infrared light charge injector as a tool for the study of silicon detectors]<br />
<br />
===Micromegas Detectors===<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-3VSPXSV-Y&_user=1967573&_coverDate=06%2F21%2F1996&_alid=636332497&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=e234b18f985161d8372a825460c25e1e Micromegas: a high-granularity position-sensitive gaseous detector for high particle-flux environments] <br />
**Initial paper on Micromegas<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-3VHW9D0-8&_user=1967573&_coverDate=12%2F21%2F1998&_alid=636333833&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=a223645319adabdec0a3b9c7efb5a569 Development and prospects of the new gaseous detector "Miromegas"] <br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-3VPCFGM-5&_user=1967573&_coverDate=02%2F21%2F1999&_alid=636334586&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=0e50030780c1773c770913adb1e8deb9 Development of a fast gaseous detector: 'Micromegas'] <br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-430WX8M-W&_user=1967573&_coverDate=04%2F01%2F2001&_alid=636335429&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=bf6be193322b130bbcfaaf14bccb4166 Spatial resolution and rate capabilities of Micromegas detector]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-45HFC9M-1B&_user=1967573&_coverDate=02%2F01%2F2002&_alid=636336699&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=505228ff2b41c67e5bff1d6858d013d5 Tracking with 40x40 cm square Micromegas detectors in tyhe high energy, high luminosity COMPASS experiment]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-45HFC9M-1C&_user=1967573&_coverDate=02%2F01%2F2002&_alid=636343096&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=6db3290e2d6b0b3e9d4a8a355a11cded Electron drift velocity measurements at high electric fields]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4J3NWY9-4&_user=1967573&_coverDate=05%2F10%2F2006&_alid=636343872&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=60b0b0c4e0fcb88acd67f5a22e15737a Micromegas in a bulk]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4MCW7M1-N&_user=1967573&_coverDate=04%2F01%2F2007&_alid=636344447&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=154be31a8f397f0b63558168f0356f68 Performance of the Micromegas detector in the CAST experiment]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4MYVG40-3&_user=1967573&_coverDate=06%2F11%2F2007&_alid=636345106&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=b743d729ebabdd390f3d43caf1dd33b6 On the geometrical design of integrated Micromegas detectors]<br />
<br />
==Relevant Parameters== <br />
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="1"<br />
|- style="font-color:blue;font-weight:bold"<br />
| || CN 2006-014 || CN 2006-016 <br />
| colspan="2" |<br />
NIM 533 <br />
| colspan="3" |<br />
NIM 541 <br />
| NIM 453 || NIM 352 || NIM 324 || NIM 270 || || NIM 560 || || || || NIM 501 || NIM 485 || || || || || NIM 581 || || NIM in press || || || || || <br />
|-<br />
| Thickness (_m) || 300-320 || 300 || 400 || 325 || 400 || 280 || || 300 || 300 || 300 || || 200 || || || || || 300 || 320±15/320±15 || 290±15/295±15 || || || || 300 || || 300 || || 300 || || 300 || <br />
|-<br />
| Implant Strip Pitch (_m) || 75 || 75 || 228 || 25 || 100/200 || 20 || "25 || 29 || 33" || 25 || 25 || 25 || 10 to 50 || 500 || 75 || 50 || 73 || 65 || 88 || 60 || 80 || 120 || 240 || || 120 || || 75 || 50 || 73 || 65 || 76 || 25.5<br />
|- <br />
| Readout Strip Pitch (_m) || 150 || 150 || || || || || || 50 || 50 || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || 150 || 50 || 146 || 65 || 152 || 51<br />
|-<br />
| Strip Width (_m) || 9 || || 60 || 12 || || || || || || || || || 50 || 10 || 55 || 12 || || 10 || 15 || 25 || 35 || up to 86 || 14 || || 50 || 10 || 55 || 12 || 24 || 10<br />
|-<br />
| Implant Depth (_m) || 1.2 || || 5 || 5 || || || || || || || || || || || || || || 1 || 2 || || || || || || || || || || || <br />
|-<br />
| # Readout Strips || 256 || 256 || || || || || 512 || || || 629 || || 56 || 1024 || 512 || 1024 || 512 || || || || || || || 512 || || 1024 || 512 || 1024 || 512 || 1024 || 512<br />
|-<br />
| Strip Angle (degrees) || ±1.5 || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || <br />
|-<br />
| Cut Size (mm x mm) || 42.0 x 111.62 || 42.0 x 111.62 || || || 24 x 30 || 24 x 36 || || || || 33 x 60 || || 30 x 30 || 79.2 x 28.4 || || || || 59 x 34 || || || || || || 64.2 x 64.2 || || || || || || || <br />
|-<br />
| Active Area (mm x mm) || 40.0 x 109.62 || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || <br />
|-<br />
| Depletion Voltage (V) || 40<V<200 || || 100 || 100 || || || || || || 35 || || ~40 || || || || || || || || || || || 40<V<100 || || || || || || || <br />
|-<br />
| Readout Chip || SVX4 || || || || || || || || Tektronix DSA602A || FoxFET || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || <br />
|-<br />
| Spatial Resolution (_m) || || ~40 _ ~20 || || || || 4.5 to 7 || || 1.4 (best) || || 6 || || || ~20 to 50 || ~20 to 50 || ~20 to 50 || ~20 to 50 || 22 || || || || || || 20 || || || || || || || <br />
|-<br />
| Time Resolution (ns) || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || <br />
|-<br />
| Notes || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || z || r phi || z || r phi || z || r phi<br />
|}</div>Srn5https://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/index.php?title=Link_to_Page&diff=3062Link to Page2007-11-05T20:06:01Z<p>Srn5: </p>
<hr />
<div>s</div>Srn5https://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/index.php?title=SVT_Project&diff=3061SVT Project2007-11-05T20:05:48Z<p>Srn5: </p>
<hr />
<div>= The UNH Silicon Vertex Tracker Project =<br />
<br />
The UNH Nuclear Physics group will be building a test facility for the Silicon Vertex Tracker (SVT) for CLAS12. The current plan is for the SVT to be build up of 4 concentric layers. Each layer will provide x and y information from two silicon strip detectors, each detector with a different "pitch" for the strips. A scattered particle will thus go through 8 layers of silicon plus the support backing and the detector will provide 4 x,y,z points to compute a track.<br />
<br />
Previous work performed at Jlab:<br />
* '''Status: 2006'''<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-010.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-010] SVT R&D Progress Report.<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-013.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-013] Simulation of the SVX4 ASICs' Performance<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-014.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-014] Specifications for the Hall B Silicon Vertex Tracker's Prototype Module<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-021.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-021] Two Possible Configurations of the Silicon Vertex Tracker<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-024.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-024] Dead Time Due to the Frequency of Reset and Restore Operations of the SVX4 ASICs<br />
* '''Status: 2007'''<br />
** [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf Laser Test Stand Report FY 07].<br />
<br />
A completing solution for tracking in the inner detector is the ''''micromegas detector'''', see: [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2007-004.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2007-004]<br />
<br />
==Sam Meehan's Collection==<br />
[[Link to Page]]<br />
<br />
== Related Papers ==<br />
===Silicon Vertex Detectors===<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4D0Y6DP-1&_user=1967573&_coverDate=11%2F11%2F2004&_alid=636311647&_rdoc=11&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=90&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=38fb3a7edace710fd475f3a01a9f5fd8 A new Monte Carlo code for full simulation of silicon strip detectors] [http://nuclear.unh.edu/secure/Silicon_Strip_Detector_Simulation_NIM533_322.pdf Local Copy ]<br />
**Detailed description of simulation design for ionization and signal readout in SSD<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4FKY7FT-1&_user=1967573&_coverDate=04%2F01%2F2005&_alid=627076008&_rdoc=23&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=79&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=a8a9aac50928fdb047ba2133e9c04b00 Silicon tracking detectors - historical overview]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-41F5X25-9&_user=1967573&_coverDate=10%2F11%2F2000&_alid=627077088&_rdoc=26&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=93&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=513a697b1624ddaf8b5619e004dd3123 Overview: silicon vertex detectors and trackers]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-46MC9SG-7&_user=1967573&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1995&_alid=627078546&_rdoc=7&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=171&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=a86eaec2a3c0ddf31483c56258ed48b8 Characterization and quality control of silicon microstrip detectors with an infrared diode laser system]<br />
**Useful for studying angle of incidence of laser in tests<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FCC6-TH&_user=1967573&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1993&_alid=627080328&_rdoc=38&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=77&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=e37879eab740fc952d8a182cb99f97f1 The OPAL milicon microvertex detector] [http://nuclear.unh.edu/secure/OPAL_SVT_NIM_A324_34.pdf | Local Copy ]<br />
**Heavy in readout electronics and algorithms <br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FC4B-PP&_user=1967573&_coverDate=07%2F15%2F1988&_alid=627081491&_rdoc=22&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=87&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=4e664556fa71769632bd598dbbfa2215 Infrared light charge injector as a tool for the study of silicon detectors]<br />
<br />
===Micromegas Detectors===<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-3VSPXSV-Y&_user=1967573&_coverDate=06%2F21%2F1996&_alid=636332497&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=e234b18f985161d8372a825460c25e1e Micromegas: a high-granularity position-sensitive gaseous detector for high particle-flux environments] <br />
**Initial paper on Micromegas<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-3VHW9D0-8&_user=1967573&_coverDate=12%2F21%2F1998&_alid=636333833&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=a223645319adabdec0a3b9c7efb5a569 Development and prospects of the new gaseous detector "Miromegas"] <br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-3VPCFGM-5&_user=1967573&_coverDate=02%2F21%2F1999&_alid=636334586&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=0e50030780c1773c770913adb1e8deb9 Development of a fast gaseous detector: 'Micromegas'] <br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-430WX8M-W&_user=1967573&_coverDate=04%2F01%2F2001&_alid=636335429&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=bf6be193322b130bbcfaaf14bccb4166 Spatial resolution and rate capabilities of Micromegas detector]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-45HFC9M-1B&_user=1967573&_coverDate=02%2F01%2F2002&_alid=636336699&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=505228ff2b41c67e5bff1d6858d013d5 Tracking with 40x40 cm square Micromegas detectors in tyhe high energy, high luminosity COMPASS experiment]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-45HFC9M-1C&_user=1967573&_coverDate=02%2F01%2F2002&_alid=636343096&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=6db3290e2d6b0b3e9d4a8a355a11cded Electron drift velocity measurements at high electric fields]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4J3NWY9-4&_user=1967573&_coverDate=05%2F10%2F2006&_alid=636343872&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=60b0b0c4e0fcb88acd67f5a22e15737a Micromegas in a bulk]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4MCW7M1-N&_user=1967573&_coverDate=04%2F01%2F2007&_alid=636344447&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=154be31a8f397f0b63558168f0356f68 Performance of the Micromegas detector in the CAST experiment]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4MYVG40-3&_user=1967573&_coverDate=06%2F11%2F2007&_alid=636345106&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=b743d729ebabdd390f3d43caf1dd33b6 On the geometrical design of integrated Micromegas detectors]<br />
<br />
==Relevant Parameters== <br />
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="1"<br />
|- style="font-color:blue;font-weight:bold"<br />
| || CN 2006-014 || CN 2006-016 <br />
| colspan="2" |<br />
NIM 533 <br />
| colspan="3" |<br />
NIM 541 <br />
| NIM 453 || NIM 352 || NIM 324 || NIM 270 || || NIM 560 || || || || NIM 501 || NIM 485 || || || || || NIM 581 || || NIM in press || || || || || <br />
|-<br />
| Thickness (_m) || 300-320 || 300 || 400 || 325 || 400 || 280 || || 300 || 300 || 300 || || 200 || || || || || 300 || 320±15/320±15 || 290±15/295±15 || || || || 300 || || 300 || || 300 || || 300 || <br />
|-<br />
| Implant Strip Pitch (_m) || 75 || 75 || 228 || 25 || 100/200 || 20 || "25 || 29 || 33" || 25 || 25 || 25 || 10 to 50 || 500 || 75 || 50 || 73 || 65 || 88 || 60 || 80 || 120 || 240 || || 120 || || 75 || 50 || 73 || 65 || 76 || 25.5<br />
|- <br />
| Readout Strip Pitch (_m) || 150 || 150 || || || || || || 50 || 50 || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || 150 || 50 || 146 || 65 || 152 || 51<br />
|-<br />
| Strip Width (_m) || 9 || || 60 || 12 || || || || || || || || || 50 || 10 || 55 || 12 || || 10 || 15 || 25 || 35 || up to 86 || 14 || || 50 || 10 || 55 || 12 || 24 || 10<br />
|-<br />
| Implant Depth (_m) || 1.2 || || 5 || 5 || || || || || || || || || || || || || || 1 || 2 || || || || || || || || || || || <br />
|-<br />
| # Readout Strips || 256 || 256 || || || || || 512 || || || 629 || || 56 || 1024 || 512 || 1024 || 512 || || || || || || || 512 || || 1024 || 512 || 1024 || 512 || 1024 || 512<br />
|-<br />
| Strip Angle (degrees) || ±1.5 || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || <br />
|-<br />
| Cut Size (mm x mm) || 42.0 x 111.62 || 42.0 x 111.62 || || || 24 x 30 || 24 x 36 || || || || 33 x 60 || || 30 x 30 || 79.2 x 28.4 || || || || 59 x 34 || || || || || || 64.2 x 64.2 || || || || || || || <br />
|-<br />
| Active Area (mm x mm) || 40.0 x 109.62 || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || <br />
|-<br />
| Depletion Voltage (V) || 40<V<200 || || 100 || 100 || || || || || || 35 || || ~40 || || || || || || || || || || || 40<V<100 || || || || || || || <br />
|-<br />
| Readout Chip || SVX4 || || || || || || || || Tektronix DSA602A || FoxFET || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || <br />
|-<br />
| Spatial Resolution (_m) || || ~40 _ ~20 || || || || 4.5 to 7 || || 1.4 (best) || || 6 || || || ~20 to 50 || ~20 to 50 || ~20 to 50 || ~20 to 50 || 22 || || || || || || 20 || || || || || || || <br />
|-<br />
| Time Resolution (ns) || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || <br />
|-<br />
| Notes || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || z || r phi || z || r phi || z || r phi<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== SVT for CLAS12 - Drawing and Such ==<br />
<br />
[http://clasweb.jlab.org/instrumentation/SVT/CD2/PDF/ACD/060%20sensor%20cross-section%20represetation.pdf Cross Section Drawing of SVT chip]<br />
<br />
== Requirements for Testing == <br />
<br />
* Laser with wavelength &lambda;~1100 nm to match the band gap energy of silicon. <br />
* The mechanical system should be able to drive a laser system over a box of approximately 1m long and 15cm wide, weighing approximately 1kg. This is what we saw in the JLab electronic room.<br />
* Positioning of the laser in the x-direction much better than 150&micro;m.<br />
** Motor with high accuracy is needed.<br />
* Laser spot on the surface better than 50 &micro;m.<br />
** Very high precision motor can be used to keep fiber close to the surface.<br />
** Also can use an optical lense to focus laser beam onto the surface.<br />
* Pulse length of the laser much less than 132 nsec to match the clock rate of the SVX4 chip (if we want the charge measurement to be meaningful during the test).<br />
* If the efficiency needs to be measured we need to make sure that the laser is not fired when the pulse is be close to the end of the gate, possibly by synchronizing the laser pulser and the SVX4 clock.<br />
<br />
== Pulsed Laser for Testing ==<br />
<br />
:The main principle of the LASER test is the [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FC4B-PP&_user=859303&_coverDate=07%2F15%2F1988&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&view=c&_acct=C000046323&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=859303&md5=876b43e6aafe73c6f4ead07e2cdeece4&ref=full injection of charge into silicon using an infrared LASER]. <br />
<br />
=== Test setup at Fermi Lab ===<br />
* [http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=10174848 Pulsed LASER for testing silicon strip detectors], which was used for similar purposes at Fermi Lab. <br />
** This DO Note describes a pulsed LASER setup for testing silicon strip detectors at the Silicon Detector Facility (SiDet) of Fermilab supporting the related projects and, in particular, the DO Silicon Tracker Upgrade. It will be used in the measurements of the efficiency of individual strips and their coupling. The LASER wavelength is 1060 nm, at which the absorption length in silicon is about 2 mm. The LASER setup is capable of producing light pulses with rise time of less than 1 ns, allowing the measurement of charge pulse shaping at individual strips and their capacitive couplings. Due to the high power output of the LASER, safety considerations are included. Also discussed are precautions for the safety of the LASER itself, and how to limit the light to an area smaller than 50,pm of diameter.<br />
<br />
=== Test setup for PHENIX ===<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-46MC9SG-7&_user=859303&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1995&_alid=602137605&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_orig_alid=602137605&_cdi=5314&_st=13&_docanchor=&view=c&_subId=927762&_ct=1&_acct=C000046323&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=859303&md5=878893d1a983687b2d985de069d470b7 NIM article describing the laser test setup for PHENIX.] There is also a [http://p25ext.lanl.gov/phenix/mvd/notes/1995/PHENIX-MVD-95-1/laser.html web page describing the PHENIX test setup.] The total cost of the LASER and optics was ~$5000.<br />
<br />
=== CLAS12 Options === <br />
<br />
* Use [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] mainframe with [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 106C optical module]. This is probably most expensive option. <br />
** The [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] can also be found as [http://www.valuetronics.com/Details.aspx?ProdID=9964 a second hand product for cheaper price than the original price ]. But the most of the [http://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/images/d/df/BNC_price_list.pdf price of the setup] comes from the price of [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 106C optical module].<br />
* Use [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] mainframe with [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 085 or 065 optical modules]. The wavelength of these lasers is shorter, which yields shorter absorbtion length for silicon, leading to concentration of the charge near the surface. <br />
* Use [http://www.us-lasers.com/d670nm5.htm a 670nm wavelength laser diode] together with [http://www.ichaus.de/product.php?prod=iC-NZ an integrated circuit laser driver] described in [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf the note by Amrit's group]. This diode also provides maximum of 670nm wavelength for the laser light. <br />
** Although [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf the note] states that a laser diode with longer than 670nm wavelength could not be found, there is [http://www.us-lasers.com/n980nm5m.htm a web page describing such a laser diode with 980nm wavelength]. At this point it is not clear if this diode is actually available in practice and for what price.<br />
* A laser system [http://www.picoquant.com/getfs.htm?products/ldh/ldhseries.htm FSL 500] from a company called <b>PicoQuant</b> based in Germany. This can be used with their laser diode LDH-S-C-1060 which provides light at 1060nm. According to their web site it can be coupled with a singlemode fiber, but the small diameter of the fiber of 10 um is not standart for them, we may end up having to find someone else to couple a fibre for us. The FSL-500 mainframe itself would cost us $13000, while the laser head is $11000, which is kind of steep for a diode. At this point it is otn clear what advantages this diode has over othe cheaper laser diodes (see below).<br />
* [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=80&cat=14 A laser diode QFLD-1060-10S from QPhotonics at 1060nm wavelength at typical power of 10mW], which costs about $300, is another option. This company is currently located in Virginia, moving to Michigan. The diode can be driven by an [http://www.avtechpulse.com/laser/avo-9e/ AVO-9E-B Avtech laser diode driver], which would satisfy our requirements and costs about $10,000. The power statibility within 12 hours of operation is RMS~1%. The lifetime for QFLD-1060-10S is 10000 hrs, after which the power may be reduced by ~20%. There are other diodes available as well: <br />
** [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=309&cat=14 QFBGLD-1060-30PM diode at 1060nm] would provide typical power of 30mW in 10000 hours, costs $1,690.00 .<br />
** [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=101&cat=14 QFBGLD-1080-2 diode at 1080 nm] provides typical power of 2mW for 50000 hours, costs $990.00.<br />
<br />
== Rail and Support System ==<br />
<br />
* The rail and support system will be based on three moving stages: one to scan across the silicon chip (x-stage), the other to focus the laser (z-stage), and the third one to move the laser to scan the chip at a different position. <br />
* Amrit's group had a prototype which included x and z statges, plus some railings designed to move them. This will serve as the starting point for the UNH design. The motor for x-motion was Zaber Technlogies T-LLS275 (or [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=KT-LLS260 equivalent model]), and the motor for z-motion was [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=NA11B60 Zaber NA11B60].<br />
* One alternative is to use T-LLS275 (or [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=KT-LLS260 equivalent model])as the y-stage, but get a new and smaller motor for x-motion since 25 cm range provided by T-LLS275 is probably too big anyway. The range and the precision of other Zaber motors might be better matched for scanning the wafer across than the relatively large T-LLS275.<br />
* Another good option is to order all three axis assembled from a single company [http://www.velmex.com/ Velmex, Inc]. The only problem I encountered with them is that they would like to build the assembly using the same type of slides without mixing different slide families, which may not be a problem but an inconvenience. Aparently the mixing drives the cost up because of various mecahnical adapters needed to match parts from different families. This option would be really nice and it would cost about $8000.<br />
<br />
== Very Brief Notes from the Wednesday Bi-weekly Tracking Meetings ==<br />
* [[ Tracking Meeting on 18 July 2007 ]]<br />
* Tracking Meeting on 01 August 2007 <br />
* [[ Tracking Meeting on 15 August 2007 ]]<br />
* [[ Tracking Meeting on 26 October 2007 ]]<br />
<br />
== Available Hardware == <br />
=== Our own ===<br />
* [http://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/images/4/4f/Dell.pdf Dell Workstation 9200 for the SVT Test] with a monitor.<br />
* [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=101&cat=14 QPhotonics Laser diode QFBGLD-1080-2 diode] at &Lambda;=1080 nm and maximum power 5mW coupled to a single mode fiber (see [[:Image:QFBGLD-1080-2.gif | the spec-sheet for this diode]]).<br />
<br />
=== From Jefferson Lab ===</div>Srn5https://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/index.php?title=Name_of_page&diff=3036Name of page2007-10-30T13:18:02Z<p>Srn5: </p>
<hr />
<div>Below are a compilation of relevent parameters found in papers that have been read thus far.</div>Srn5https://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/index.php?title=SVT_Project&diff=3035SVT Project2007-10-30T13:15:53Z<p>Srn5: </p>
<hr />
<div>= The UNH Silicon Vertex Tracker Project =<br />
<br />
The UNH Nuclear Physics group will be building a test facility for the Silicon Vertex Tracker (SVT) for CLAS12. The current plan is for the SVT to be build up of 4 concentric layers. Each layer will provide x and y information from two silicon strip detectors, each detector with a different "pitch" for the strips. A scattered particle will thus go through 8 layers of silicon plus the support backing and the detector will provide 4 x,y,z points to compute a track.<br />
<br />
Previous work performed at Jlab:<br />
* '''Status: 2006'''<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-010.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-010] SVT R&D Progress Report.<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-013.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-013] Simulation of the SVX4 ASICs' Performance<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-014.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-014] Specifications for the Hall B Silicon Vertex Tracker's Prototype Module<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-021.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-021] Two Possible Configurations of the Silicon Vertex Tracker<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-024.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-024] Dead Time Due to the Frequency of Reset and Restore Operations of the SVX4 ASICs<br />
* '''Status: 2007'''<br />
** [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf Laser Test Stand Report FY 07].<br />
<br />
A completing solution for tracking in the inner detector is the ''''micromegas detector'''', see: [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2007-004.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2007-004]<br />
<br />
== Related Papers ==<br />
===Silicon Vertex Detectors===<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4D0Y6DP-1&_user=1967573&_coverDate=11%2F11%2F2004&_alid=636311647&_rdoc=11&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=90&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=38fb3a7edace710fd475f3a01a9f5fd8 A new Monte Carlo code for full simulation of silicon strip detectors] <br />
**Detailed description of simulation design for ionization and signal readout in SSD<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4FKY7FT-1&_user=1967573&_coverDate=04%2F01%2F2005&_alid=627076008&_rdoc=23&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=79&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=a8a9aac50928fdb047ba2133e9c04b00 Silicon tracking detectors - historical overview]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-41F5X25-9&_user=1967573&_coverDate=10%2F11%2F2000&_alid=627077088&_rdoc=26&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=93&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=513a697b1624ddaf8b5619e004dd3123 Overview: silicon vertex detectors and trackers]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-46MC9SG-7&_user=1967573&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1995&_alid=627078546&_rdoc=7&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=171&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=a86eaec2a3c0ddf31483c56258ed48b8 Characterization and quality control of silicon microstrip detectors with an infrared diode laser system]<br />
**Useful for studying angle of incidence of laser in tests<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FCC6-TH&_user=1967573&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1993&_alid=627080328&_rdoc=38&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=77&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=e37879eab740fc952d8a182cb99f97f1 The OPAL milicon microvertex detector]<br />
**Heavy in readout electronics and algorithms <br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FC4B-PP&_user=1967573&_coverDate=07%2F15%2F1988&_alid=627081491&_rdoc=22&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=87&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=4e664556fa71769632bd598dbbfa2215 Infrared light charge injector as a tool for the study of silicon detectors]<br />
<br />
===Micromegas Detectors===<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-3VSPXSV-Y&_user=1967573&_coverDate=06%2F21%2F1996&_alid=636332497&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=e234b18f985161d8372a825460c25e1e Micromegas: a high-granularity position-sensitive gaseous detector for high particle-flux environments] <br />
**Initial paper on Micromegas<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-3VHW9D0-8&_user=1967573&_coverDate=12%2F21%2F1998&_alid=636333833&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=a223645319adabdec0a3b9c7efb5a569 Development and prospects of the new gaseous detector "Miromegas"] <br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-3VPCFGM-5&_user=1967573&_coverDate=02%2F21%2F1999&_alid=636334586&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=0e50030780c1773c770913adb1e8deb9 Development of a fast gaseous detector: 'Micromegas'] <br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-430WX8M-W&_user=1967573&_coverDate=04%2F01%2F2001&_alid=636335429&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=bf6be193322b130bbcfaaf14bccb4166 Spatial resolution and rate capabilities of Micromegas detector]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-45HFC9M-1B&_user=1967573&_coverDate=02%2F01%2F2002&_alid=636336699&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=505228ff2b41c67e5bff1d6858d013d5 Tracking with 40x40 cm square Micromegas detectors in tyhe high energy, high luminosity COMPASS experiment]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-45HFC9M-1C&_user=1967573&_coverDate=02%2F01%2F2002&_alid=636343096&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=6db3290e2d6b0b3e9d4a8a355a11cded Electron drift velocity measurements at high electric fields]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4J3NWY9-4&_user=1967573&_coverDate=05%2F10%2F2006&_alid=636343872&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=60b0b0c4e0fcb88acd67f5a22e15737a Micromegas in a bulk]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4MCW7M1-N&_user=1967573&_coverDate=04%2F01%2F2007&_alid=636344447&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=154be31a8f397f0b63558168f0356f68 Performance of the Micromegas detector in the CAST experiment]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4MYVG40-3&_user=1967573&_coverDate=06%2F11%2F2007&_alid=636345106&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=b743d729ebabdd390f3d43caf1dd33b6 On the geometrical design of integrated Micromegas detectors]<br />
<br />
==Relevant Parameters==<br />
<br />
<br />
== SVT for CLAS12 - Drawing and Such ==<br />
<br />
[http://clasweb.jlab.org/instrumentation/SVT/CD2/PDF/ACD/060%20sensor%20cross-section%20represetation.pdf Cross Section Drawing of SVT chip]<br />
<br />
== Requirements for Testing == <br />
<br />
* Laser with wavelength &lambda;~1100 nm to match the band gap energy of silicon. <br />
* The mechanical system should be able to drive a laser system over a box of approximately 1m long and 15cm wide, weighing approximately 1kg. This is what we saw in the JLab electronic room.<br />
* Positioning of the laser in the x-direction much better than 150&micro;m.<br />
** Motor with high accuracy is needed.<br />
* Laser spot on the surface better than 50 &micro;m.<br />
** Very high precision motor can be used to keep fiber close to the surface.<br />
** Also can use an optical lense to focus laser beam onto the surface.<br />
* Pulse length of the laser much less than 132 nsec to match the clock rate of the SVX4 chip (if we want the charge measurement to be meaningful during the test).<br />
* If the efficiency needs to be measured we need to make sure that the laser is not fired when the pulse is be close to the end of the gate, possibly by synchronizing the laser pulser and the SVX4 clock.<br />
<br />
== Pulsed Laser for Testing ==<br />
<br />
:The main principle of the LASER test is the [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FC4B-PP&_user=859303&_coverDate=07%2F15%2F1988&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&view=c&_acct=C000046323&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=859303&md5=876b43e6aafe73c6f4ead07e2cdeece4&ref=full injection of charge into silicon using an infrared LASER]. <br />
<br />
=== Test setup at Fermi Lab ===<br />
* [http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=10174848 Pulsed LASER for testing silicon strip detectors], which was used for similar purposes at Fermi Lab. <br />
** This DO Note describes a pulsed LASER setup for testing silicon strip detectors at the Silicon Detector Facility (SiDet) of Fermilab supporting the related projects and, in particular, the DO Silicon Tracker Upgrade. It will be used in the measurements of the efficiency of individual strips and their coupling. The LASER wavelength is 1060 nm, at which the absorption length in silicon is about 2 mm. The LASER setup is capable of producing light pulses with rise time of less than 1 ns, allowing the measurement of charge pulse shaping at individual strips and their capacitive couplings. Due to the high power output of the LASER, safety considerations are included. Also discussed are precautions for the safety of the LASER itself, and how to limit the light to an area smaller than 50,pm of diameter.<br />
<br />
=== Test setup for PHENIX ===<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-46MC9SG-7&_user=859303&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1995&_alid=602137605&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_orig_alid=602137605&_cdi=5314&_st=13&_docanchor=&view=c&_subId=927762&_ct=1&_acct=C000046323&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=859303&md5=878893d1a983687b2d985de069d470b7 NIM article describing the laser test setup for PHENIX.] There is also a [http://p25ext.lanl.gov/phenix/mvd/notes/1995/PHENIX-MVD-95-1/laser.html web page describing the PHENIX test setup.] The total cost of the LASER and optics was ~$5000.<br />
<br />
=== CLAS12 Options === <br />
<br />
* Use [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] mainframe with [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 106C optical module]. This is probably most expensive option. <br />
** The [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] can also be found as [http://www.valuetronics.com/Details.aspx?ProdID=9964 a second hand product for cheaper price than the original price ]. But the most of the [http://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/images/d/df/BNC_price_list.pdf price of the setup] comes from the price of [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 106C optical module].<br />
* Use [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] mainframe with [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 085 or 065 optical modules]. The wavelength of these lasers is shorter, which yields shorter absorbtion length for silicon, leading to concentration of the charge near the surface. <br />
* Use [http://www.us-lasers.com/d670nm5.htm a 670nm wavelength laser diode] together with [http://www.ichaus.de/product.php?prod=iC-NZ an integrated circuit laser driver] described in [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf the note by Amrit's group]. This diode also provides maximum of 670nm wavelength for the laser light. <br />
** Although [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf the note] states that a laser diode with longer than 670nm wavelength could not be found, there is [http://www.us-lasers.com/n980nm5m.htm a web page describing such a laser diode with 980nm wavelength]. At this point it is not clear if this diode is actually available in practice and for what price.<br />
* A laser system [http://www.picoquant.com/getfs.htm?products/ldh/ldhseries.htm FSL 500] from a company called <b>PicoQuant</b> based in Germany. This can be used with their laser diode LDH-S-C-1060 which provides light at 1060nm. According to their web site it can be coupled with a singlemode fiber, but the small diameter of the fiber of 10 um is not standart for them, we may end up having to find someone else to couple a fibre for us. The FSL-500 mainframe itself would cost us $13000, while the laser head is $11000, which is kind of steep for a diode. At this point it is otn clear what advantages this diode has over othe cheaper laser diodes (see below).<br />
* [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=80&cat=14 A laser diode QFLD-1060-10S from QPhotonics at 1060nm wavelength at typical power of 10mW], which costs about $300, is another option. This company is currently located in Virginia, moving to Michigan. The diode can be driven by an [http://www.avtechpulse.com/laser/avo-9e/ AVO-9E-B Avtech laser diode driver], which would satisfy our requirements and costs about $10,000. The power statibility within 12 hours of operation is RMS~1%. The lifetime for QFLD-1060-10S is 10000 hrs, after which the power may be reduced by ~20%. There are other diodes available as well: <br />
** [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=309&cat=14 QFBGLD-1060-30PM diode at 1060nm] would provide typical power of 30mW in 10000 hours, costs $1,690.00 .<br />
** [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=101&cat=14 QFBGLD-1080-2 diode at 1080 nm] provides typical power of 2mW for 50000 hours, costs $990.00.<br />
<br />
== Rail and Support System ==<br />
<br />
* The rail and support system will be based on three moving stages: one to scan across the silicon chip (x-stage), the other to focus the laser (z-stage), and the third one to move the laser to scan the chip at a different position. <br />
* Amrit's group had a prototype which included x and z statges, plus some railings designed to move them. This will serve as the starting point for the UNH design. The motor for x-motion was Zaber Technlogies T-LLS275 (or [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=KT-LLS260 equivalent model]), and the motor for z-motion was [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=NA11B60 Zaber NA11B60].<br />
* One alternative is to use T-LLS275 (or [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=KT-LLS260 equivalent model])as the y-stage, but get a new and smaller motor for x-motion since 25 cm range provided by T-LLS275 is probably too big anyway. The range and the precision of other Zaber motors might be better matched for scanning the wafer across than the relatively large T-LLS275.<br />
* Another good option is to order all three axis assembled from a single company [http://www.velmex.com/ Velmex, Inc]. The only problem I encountered with them is that they would like to build the assembly using the same type of slides without mixing different slide families, which may not be a problem but an inconvenience. Aparently the mixing drives the cost up because of various mecahnical adapters needed to match parts from different families. This option would be really nice and it would cost about $8000.<br />
<br />
== Very Brief Notes from the Wednesday Bi-weekly Tracking Meetings ==<br />
* [[ Tracking Meeting on 18 July 2007 ]]<br />
* Tracking Meeting on 01 August 2007 <br />
* [[ Tracking Meeting on 15 August 2007 ]]<br />
* [[ Tracking Meeting on 26 October 2007 ]]<br />
<br />
== Available Hardware == <br />
=== Our own ===<br />
* [http://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/images/4/4f/Dell.pdf Dell Workstation 9200 for the SVT Test] with a monitor.<br />
* [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=101&cat=14 QPhotonics Laser diode QFBGLD-1080-2 diode] at &Lambda;=1080 nm and maximum power 5mW coupled to a single mode fiber (see [[:Image:QFBGLD-1080-2.gif | the spec-sheet for this diode]]).<br />
<br />
=== From Jefferson Lab ===</div>Srn5https://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/index.php?title=SVT_Project&diff=2923SVT Project2007-10-23T15:46:16Z<p>Srn5: /* Micromegas Detectors */</p>
<hr />
<div>= The UNH Silicon Vertex Tracker Project =<br />
<br />
The UNH Nuclear Physics group will be building a test facility for the Silicon Vertex Tracker (SVT) for CLAS12. The current plan is for the SVT to be build up of 4 concentric layers. Each layer will provide x and y information from two silicon strip detectors, each detector with a different "pitch" for the strips. A scattered particle will thus go through 8 layers of silicon plus the support backing and the detector will provide 4 x,y,z points to compute a track.<br />
<br />
Previous work performed at Jlab:<br />
* '''Status: 2006'''<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-010.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-010] SVT R&D Progress Report.<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-013.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-013] Simulation of the SVX4 ASICs' Performance<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-014.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-014] Specifications for the Hall B Silicon Vertex Tracker's Prototype Module<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-021.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-021] Two Possible Configurations of the Silicon Vertex Tracker<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-024.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-024] Dead Time Due to the Frequency of Reset and Restore Operations of the SVX4 ASICs<br />
* '''Status: 2007'''<br />
** [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf Laser Test Stand Report FY 07].<br />
<br />
A completing solution for tracking in the inner detector is the ''''micromegas detector'''', see: [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2007-004.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2007-004]<br />
<br />
== Related Papers ==<br />
===Silicon Vertex Detectors===<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4D0Y6DP-1&_user=1967573&_coverDate=11%2F11%2F2004&_alid=636311647&_rdoc=11&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=90&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=38fb3a7edace710fd475f3a01a9f5fd8 A new Monte Carlo code for full simulation of silicon strip detectors] <br />
**Detailed description of simulation design for ionization and signal readout in SSD<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4FKY7FT-1&_user=1967573&_coverDate=04%2F01%2F2005&_alid=627076008&_rdoc=23&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=79&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=a8a9aac50928fdb047ba2133e9c04b00 Silicon tracking detectors - historical overview]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-41F5X25-9&_user=1967573&_coverDate=10%2F11%2F2000&_alid=627077088&_rdoc=26&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=93&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=513a697b1624ddaf8b5619e004dd3123 Overview: silicon vertex detectors and trackers]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-46MC9SG-7&_user=1967573&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1995&_alid=627078546&_rdoc=7&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=171&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=a86eaec2a3c0ddf31483c56258ed48b8 Characterization and quality control of silicon microstrip detectors with an infrared diode laser system]<br />
**Useful for studying angle of incidence of laser in tests<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FCC6-TH&_user=1967573&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1993&_alid=627080328&_rdoc=38&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=77&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=e37879eab740fc952d8a182cb99f97f1 The OPAL milicon microvertex detector]<br />
**Heavy in readout electronics and algorithms <br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FC4B-PP&_user=1967573&_coverDate=07%2F15%2F1988&_alid=627081491&_rdoc=22&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=87&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=4e664556fa71769632bd598dbbfa2215 Infrared light charge injector as a tool for the study of silicon detectors]<br />
<br />
===Micromegas Detectors===<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-3VSPXSV-Y&_user=1967573&_coverDate=06%2F21%2F1996&_alid=636332497&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=e234b18f985161d8372a825460c25e1e Micromegas: a high-granularity position-sensitive gaseous detector for high particle-flux environments] <br />
**Initial paper on Micromegas<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-3VHW9D0-8&_user=1967573&_coverDate=12%2F21%2F1998&_alid=636333833&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=a223645319adabdec0a3b9c7efb5a569 Development and prospects of the new gaseous detector "Miromegas"] <br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-3VPCFGM-5&_user=1967573&_coverDate=02%2F21%2F1999&_alid=636334586&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=0e50030780c1773c770913adb1e8deb9 Development of a fast gaseous detector: 'Micromegas'] <br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-430WX8M-W&_user=1967573&_coverDate=04%2F01%2F2001&_alid=636335429&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=bf6be193322b130bbcfaaf14bccb4166 Spatial resolution and rate capabilities of Micromegas detector]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-45HFC9M-1B&_user=1967573&_coverDate=02%2F01%2F2002&_alid=636336699&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=505228ff2b41c67e5bff1d6858d013d5 Tracking with 40x40 cm square Micromegas detectors in tyhe high energy, high luminosity COMPASS experiment]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-45HFC9M-1C&_user=1967573&_coverDate=02%2F01%2F2002&_alid=636343096&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=6db3290e2d6b0b3e9d4a8a355a11cded Electron drift velocity measurements at high electric fields]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4J3NWY9-4&_user=1967573&_coverDate=05%2F10%2F2006&_alid=636343872&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=60b0b0c4e0fcb88acd67f5a22e15737a Micromegas in a bulk]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4MCW7M1-N&_user=1967573&_coverDate=04%2F01%2F2007&_alid=636344447&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=154be31a8f397f0b63558168f0356f68 Performance of the Micromegas detector in the CAST experiment]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4MYVG40-3&_user=1967573&_coverDate=06%2F11%2F2007&_alid=636345106&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=b743d729ebabdd390f3d43caf1dd33b6 On the geometrical design of integrated Micromegas detectors]<br />
<br />
== SVT for CLAS12 - Drawing and Such ==<br />
<br />
[http://clasweb.jlab.org/instrumentation/SVT/CD2/PDF/ACD/060%20sensor%20cross-section%20represetation.pdf Cross Section Drawing of SVT chip]<br />
<br />
== Requirements for Testing == <br />
<br />
* Laser with wavelength &lambda;~1100 nm to match the band gap energy of silicon. <br />
* The mechanical system should be able to drive a laser system over a box of approximately 1m long and 15cm wide, weighing approximately 1kg. This is what we saw in the JLab electronic room.<br />
* Positioning of the laser in the x-direction much better than 150&micro;m.<br />
** Motor with high accuracy is needed.<br />
* Laser spot on the surface better than 50 &micro;m.<br />
** Very high precision motor can be used to keep fiber close to the surface.<br />
** Also can use an optical lense to focus laser beam onto the surface.<br />
* Pulse length of the laser much less than 132 nsec to match the clock rate of the SVX4 chip (if we want the charge measurement to be meaningful during the test).<br />
* If the efficiency needs to be measured we need to make sure that the laser is not fired when the pulse is be close to the end of the gate, possibly by synchronizing the laser pulser and the SVX4 clock.<br />
<br />
== Pulsed Laser for Testing ==<br />
<br />
:The main principle of the LASER test is the [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FC4B-PP&_user=859303&_coverDate=07%2F15%2F1988&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&view=c&_acct=C000046323&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=859303&md5=876b43e6aafe73c6f4ead07e2cdeece4&ref=full injection of charge into silicon using an infrared LASER]. <br />
<br />
=== Test setup at Fermi Lab ===<br />
* [http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=10174848 Pulsed LASER for testing silicon strip detectors], which was used for similar purposes at Fermi Lab. <br />
** This DO Note describes a pulsed LASER setup for testing silicon strip detectors at the Silicon Detector Facility (SiDet) of Fermilab supporting the related projects and, in particular, the DO Silicon Tracker Upgrade. It will be used in the measurements of the efficiency of individual strips and their coupling. The LASER wavelength is 1060 nm, at which the absorption length in silicon is about 2 mm. The LASER setup is capable of producing light pulses with rise time of less than 1 ns, allowing the measurement of charge pulse shaping at individual strips and their capacitive couplings. Due to the high power output of the LASER, safety considerations are included. Also discussed are precautions for the safety of the LASER itself, and how to limit the light to an area smaller than 50,pm of diameter.<br />
<br />
=== Test setup for PHENIX ===<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-46MC9SG-7&_user=859303&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1995&_alid=602137605&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_orig_alid=602137605&_cdi=5314&_st=13&_docanchor=&view=c&_subId=927762&_ct=1&_acct=C000046323&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=859303&md5=878893d1a983687b2d985de069d470b7 NIM article describing the laser test setup for PHENIX.] There is also a [http://p25ext.lanl.gov/phenix/mvd/notes/1995/PHENIX-MVD-95-1/laser.html web page describing the PHENIX test setup.] The total cost of the LASER and optics was ~$5000.<br />
<br />
=== CLAS12 Options === <br />
<br />
* Use [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] mainframe with [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 106C optical module]. This is probably most expensive option. <br />
** The [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] can also be found as [http://www.valuetronics.com/Details.aspx?ProdID=9964 a second hand product for cheaper price than the original price ]. But the most of the [http://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/images/d/df/BNC_price_list.pdf price of the setup] comes from the price of [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 106C optical module].<br />
* Use [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] mainframe with [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 085 or 065 optical modules]. The wavelength of these lasers is shorter, which yields shorter absorbtion length for silicon, leading to concentration of the charge near the surface. <br />
* Use [http://www.us-lasers.com/d670nm5.htm a 670nm wavelength laser diode] together with [http://www.ichaus.de/product.php?prod=iC-NZ an integrated circuit laser driver] described in [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf the note by Amrit's group]. This diode also provides maximum of 670nm wavelength for the laser light. <br />
** Although [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf the note] states that a laser diode with longer than 670nm wavelength could not be found, there is [http://www.us-lasers.com/n980nm5m.htm a web page describing such a laser diode with 980nm wavelength]. At this point it is not clear if this diode is actually available in practice and for what price.<br />
* A laser system [http://www.picoquant.com/getfs.htm?products/ldh/ldhseries.htm FSL 500] from a company called <b>PicoQuant</b> based in Germany. This can be used with their laser diode LDH-S-C-1060 which provides light at 1060nm. According to their web site it can be coupled with a singlemode fiber, but the small diameter of the fiber of 10 um is not standart for them, we may end up having to find someone else to couple a fibre for us. The FSL-500 mainframe itself would cost us $13000, while the laser head is $11000, which is kind of steep for a diode. At this point it is otn clear what advantages this diode has over othe cheaper laser diodes (see below).<br />
* [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=80&cat=14 A laser diode QFLD-1060-10S from QPhotonics at 1060nm wavelength at typical power of 10mW], which costs about $300, is another option. This company is currently located in Virginia, moving to Michigan. The diode can be driven by an [http://www.avtechpulse.com/laser/avo-9e/ AVO-9E-B Avtech laser diode driver], which would satisfy our requirements and costs about $10,000. The power statibility within 12 hours of operation is RMS~1%. The lifetime for QFLD-1060-10S is 10000 hrs, after which the power may be reduced by ~20%. There are other diodes available as well: <br />
** [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=309&cat=14 QFBGLD-1060-30PM diode at 1060nm] would provide typical power of 30mW in 10000 hours, costs $1,690.00 .<br />
** [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=101&cat=14 QFBGLD-1080-2 diode at 1080 nm] provides typical power of 2mW for 50000 hours, costs $990.00.<br />
<br />
== Rail and Support System ==<br />
<br />
* The rail and support system will be based on three moving stages: one to scan across the silicon chip (x-stage), the other to focus the laser (z-stage), and the third one to move the laser to scan the chip at a different position. <br />
* Amrit's group had a prototype which included x and z statges, plus some railings designed to move them. This will serve as the starting point for the UNH design. The motor for x-motion was Zaber Technlogies T-LLS275 (or [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=KT-LLS260 equivalent model]), and the motor for z-motion was [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=NA11B60 Zaber NA11B60].<br />
* One alternative is to use T-LLS275 (or [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=KT-LLS260 equivalent model])as the y-stage, but get a new and smaller motor for x-motion since 25 cm range provided by T-LLS275 is probably too big anyway. The range and the precision of other Zaber motors might be better matched for scanning the wafer across than the relatively large T-LLS275.<br />
* Another good option is to order all three axis assembled from a single company [http://www.velmex.com/ Velmex, Inc]. The only problem I encountered with them is that they would like to build the assembly using the same type of slides without mixing different slide families, which may not be a problem but an inconvenience. Aparently the mixing drives the cost up because of various mecahnical adapters needed to match parts from different families. This option would be really nice and it would cost about $8000.<br />
<br />
== Very Brief Notes from the Wednesday Bi-weekly Tracking Meetings ==<br />
* [[ Tracking Meeting on 18 July 2007 ]]<br />
* Tracking Meeting on 01 August 2007 <br />
* [[ Tracking Meeting on 15 August 2007 ]]<br />
<br />
== Available Hardware == <br />
=== Our own ===<br />
* [http://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/images/4/4f/Dell.pdf Dell Workstation 9200 for the SVT Test] with a monitor.<br />
* [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=101&cat=14 QPhotonics Laser diode QFBGLD-1080-2 diode] at &Lambda;=1080 nm and maximum power 5mW coupled to a single mode fiber (see [[:Image:QFBGLD-1080-2.gif | the spec-sheet for this diode]]).<br />
<br />
=== From Jefferson Lab ===</div>Srn5https://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/index.php?title=SVT_Project&diff=2922SVT Project2007-10-23T15:42:46Z<p>Srn5: /* Micromegas Detectors */</p>
<hr />
<div>= The UNH Silicon Vertex Tracker Project =<br />
<br />
The UNH Nuclear Physics group will be building a test facility for the Silicon Vertex Tracker (SVT) for CLAS12. The current plan is for the SVT to be build up of 4 concentric layers. Each layer will provide x and y information from two silicon strip detectors, each detector with a different "pitch" for the strips. A scattered particle will thus go through 8 layers of silicon plus the support backing and the detector will provide 4 x,y,z points to compute a track.<br />
<br />
Previous work performed at Jlab:<br />
* '''Status: 2006'''<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-010.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-010] SVT R&D Progress Report.<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-013.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-013] Simulation of the SVX4 ASICs' Performance<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-014.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-014] Specifications for the Hall B Silicon Vertex Tracker's Prototype Module<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-021.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-021] Two Possible Configurations of the Silicon Vertex Tracker<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-024.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-024] Dead Time Due to the Frequency of Reset and Restore Operations of the SVX4 ASICs<br />
* '''Status: 2007'''<br />
** [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf Laser Test Stand Report FY 07].<br />
<br />
A completing solution for tracking in the inner detector is the ''''micromegas detector'''', see: [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2007-004.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2007-004]<br />
<br />
== Related Papers ==<br />
===Silicon Vertex Detectors===<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4D0Y6DP-1&_user=1967573&_coverDate=11%2F11%2F2004&_alid=636311647&_rdoc=11&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=90&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=38fb3a7edace710fd475f3a01a9f5fd8 A new Monte Carlo code for full simulation of silicon strip detectors] <br />
**Detailed description of simulation design for ionization and signal readout in SSD<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4FKY7FT-1&_user=1967573&_coverDate=04%2F01%2F2005&_alid=627076008&_rdoc=23&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=79&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=a8a9aac50928fdb047ba2133e9c04b00 Silicon tracking detectors - historical overview]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-41F5X25-9&_user=1967573&_coverDate=10%2F11%2F2000&_alid=627077088&_rdoc=26&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=93&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=513a697b1624ddaf8b5619e004dd3123 Overview: silicon vertex detectors and trackers]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-46MC9SG-7&_user=1967573&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1995&_alid=627078546&_rdoc=7&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=171&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=a86eaec2a3c0ddf31483c56258ed48b8 Characterization and quality control of silicon microstrip detectors with an infrared diode laser system]<br />
**Useful for studying angle of incidence of laser in tests<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FCC6-TH&_user=1967573&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1993&_alid=627080328&_rdoc=38&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=77&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=e37879eab740fc952d8a182cb99f97f1 The OPAL milicon microvertex detector]<br />
**Heavy in readout electronics and algorithms <br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FC4B-PP&_user=1967573&_coverDate=07%2F15%2F1988&_alid=627081491&_rdoc=22&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=87&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=4e664556fa71769632bd598dbbfa2215 Infrared light charge injector as a tool for the study of silicon detectors]<br />
<br />
===Micromegas Detectors===<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-3VSPXSV-Y&_user=1967573&_coverDate=06%2F21%2F1996&_alid=636332497&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=e234b18f985161d8372a825460c25e1e Micromegas: a high-granularity position-sensitive gaseous detector for high particle-flux environments] <br />
**Initial paper on Micromegas<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-3VHW9D0-8&_user=1967573&_coverDate=12%2F21%2F1998&_alid=636333833&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=a223645319adabdec0a3b9c7efb5a569 Development and prospects of the new gaseous detector "Miromegas"] <br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-3VPCFGM-5&_user=1967573&_coverDate=02%2F21%2F1999&_alid=636334586&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=0e50030780c1773c770913adb1e8deb9 Development of a fast gaseous detector: 'Micromegas'] <br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-430WX8M-W&_user=1967573&_coverDate=04%2F01%2F2001&_alid=636335429&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=bf6be193322b130bbcfaaf14bccb4166 Spatial resolution and rate capabilities of Micromegas detector]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-45HFC9M-1B&_user=1967573&_coverDate=02%2F01%2F2002&_alid=636336699&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=505228ff2b41c67e5bff1d6858d013d5 Tracking with 40x40 cm square Micromegas detectors in tyhe high energy, high luminosity COMPASS experiment]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-45HFC9M-1C&_user=1967573&_coverDate=02%2F01%2F2002&_alid=636343096&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=6db3290e2d6b0b3e9d4a8a355a11cded Electron drift velocity measurements at high electric fields]<br />
<br />
== SVT for CLAS12 - Drawing and Such ==<br />
<br />
[http://clasweb.jlab.org/instrumentation/SVT/CD2/PDF/ACD/060%20sensor%20cross-section%20represetation.pdf Cross Section Drawing of SVT chip]<br />
<br />
== Requirements for Testing == <br />
<br />
* Laser with wavelength &lambda;~1100 nm to match the band gap energy of silicon. <br />
* The mechanical system should be able to drive a laser system over a box of approximately 1m long and 15cm wide, weighing approximately 1kg. This is what we saw in the JLab electronic room.<br />
* Positioning of the laser in the x-direction much better than 150&micro;m.<br />
** Motor with high accuracy is needed.<br />
* Laser spot on the surface better than 50 &micro;m.<br />
** Very high precision motor can be used to keep fiber close to the surface.<br />
** Also can use an optical lense to focus laser beam onto the surface.<br />
* Pulse length of the laser much less than 132 nsec to match the clock rate of the SVX4 chip (if we want the charge measurement to be meaningful during the test).<br />
* If the efficiency needs to be measured we need to make sure that the laser is not fired when the pulse is be close to the end of the gate, possibly by synchronizing the laser pulser and the SVX4 clock.<br />
<br />
== Pulsed Laser for Testing ==<br />
<br />
:The main principle of the LASER test is the [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FC4B-PP&_user=859303&_coverDate=07%2F15%2F1988&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&view=c&_acct=C000046323&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=859303&md5=876b43e6aafe73c6f4ead07e2cdeece4&ref=full injection of charge into silicon using an infrared LASER]. <br />
<br />
=== Test setup at Fermi Lab ===<br />
* [http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=10174848 Pulsed LASER for testing silicon strip detectors], which was used for similar purposes at Fermi Lab. <br />
** This DO Note describes a pulsed LASER setup for testing silicon strip detectors at the Silicon Detector Facility (SiDet) of Fermilab supporting the related projects and, in particular, the DO Silicon Tracker Upgrade. It will be used in the measurements of the efficiency of individual strips and their coupling. The LASER wavelength is 1060 nm, at which the absorption length in silicon is about 2 mm. The LASER setup is capable of producing light pulses with rise time of less than 1 ns, allowing the measurement of charge pulse shaping at individual strips and their capacitive couplings. Due to the high power output of the LASER, safety considerations are included. Also discussed are precautions for the safety of the LASER itself, and how to limit the light to an area smaller than 50,pm of diameter.<br />
<br />
=== Test setup for PHENIX ===<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-46MC9SG-7&_user=859303&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1995&_alid=602137605&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_orig_alid=602137605&_cdi=5314&_st=13&_docanchor=&view=c&_subId=927762&_ct=1&_acct=C000046323&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=859303&md5=878893d1a983687b2d985de069d470b7 NIM article describing the laser test setup for PHENIX.] There is also a [http://p25ext.lanl.gov/phenix/mvd/notes/1995/PHENIX-MVD-95-1/laser.html web page describing the PHENIX test setup.] The total cost of the LASER and optics was ~$5000.<br />
<br />
=== CLAS12 Options === <br />
<br />
* Use [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] mainframe with [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 106C optical module]. This is probably most expensive option. <br />
** The [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] can also be found as [http://www.valuetronics.com/Details.aspx?ProdID=9964 a second hand product for cheaper price than the original price ]. But the most of the [http://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/images/d/df/BNC_price_list.pdf price of the setup] comes from the price of [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 106C optical module].<br />
* Use [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] mainframe with [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 085 or 065 optical modules]. The wavelength of these lasers is shorter, which yields shorter absorbtion length for silicon, leading to concentration of the charge near the surface. <br />
* Use [http://www.us-lasers.com/d670nm5.htm a 670nm wavelength laser diode] together with [http://www.ichaus.de/product.php?prod=iC-NZ an integrated circuit laser driver] described in [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf the note by Amrit's group]. This diode also provides maximum of 670nm wavelength for the laser light. <br />
** Although [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf the note] states that a laser diode with longer than 670nm wavelength could not be found, there is [http://www.us-lasers.com/n980nm5m.htm a web page describing such a laser diode with 980nm wavelength]. At this point it is not clear if this diode is actually available in practice and for what price.<br />
* A laser system [http://www.picoquant.com/getfs.htm?products/ldh/ldhseries.htm FSL 500] from a company called <b>PicoQuant</b> based in Germany. This can be used with their laser diode LDH-S-C-1060 which provides light at 1060nm. According to their web site it can be coupled with a singlemode fiber, but the small diameter of the fiber of 10 um is not standart for them, we may end up having to find someone else to couple a fibre for us. The FSL-500 mainframe itself would cost us $13000, while the laser head is $11000, which is kind of steep for a diode. At this point it is otn clear what advantages this diode has over othe cheaper laser diodes (see below).<br />
* [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=80&cat=14 A laser diode QFLD-1060-10S from QPhotonics at 1060nm wavelength at typical power of 10mW], which costs about $300, is another option. This company is currently located in Virginia, moving to Michigan. The diode can be driven by an [http://www.avtechpulse.com/laser/avo-9e/ AVO-9E-B Avtech laser diode driver], which would satisfy our requirements and costs about $10,000. The power statibility within 12 hours of operation is RMS~1%. The lifetime for QFLD-1060-10S is 10000 hrs, after which the power may be reduced by ~20%. There are other diodes available as well: <br />
** [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=309&cat=14 QFBGLD-1060-30PM diode at 1060nm] would provide typical power of 30mW in 10000 hours, costs $1,690.00 .<br />
** [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=101&cat=14 QFBGLD-1080-2 diode at 1080 nm] provides typical power of 2mW for 50000 hours, costs $990.00.<br />
<br />
== Rail and Support System ==<br />
<br />
* The rail and support system will be based on three moving stages: one to scan across the silicon chip (x-stage), the other to focus the laser (z-stage), and the third one to move the laser to scan the chip at a different position. <br />
* Amrit's group had a prototype which included x and z statges, plus some railings designed to move them. This will serve as the starting point for the UNH design. The motor for x-motion was Zaber Technlogies T-LLS275 (or [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=KT-LLS260 equivalent model]), and the motor for z-motion was [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=NA11B60 Zaber NA11B60].<br />
* One alternative is to use T-LLS275 (or [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=KT-LLS260 equivalent model])as the y-stage, but get a new and smaller motor for x-motion since 25 cm range provided by T-LLS275 is probably too big anyway. The range and the precision of other Zaber motors might be better matched for scanning the wafer across than the relatively large T-LLS275.<br />
* Another good option is to order all three axis assembled from a single company [http://www.velmex.com/ Velmex, Inc]. The only problem I encountered with them is that they would like to build the assembly using the same type of slides without mixing different slide families, which may not be a problem but an inconvenience. Aparently the mixing drives the cost up because of various mecahnical adapters needed to match parts from different families. This option would be really nice and it would cost about $8000.<br />
<br />
== Very Brief Notes from the Wednesday Bi-weekly Tracking Meetings ==<br />
* [[ Tracking Meeting on 18 July 2007 ]]<br />
* Tracking Meeting on 01 August 2007 <br />
* [[ Tracking Meeting on 15 August 2007 ]]<br />
<br />
== Available Hardware == <br />
=== Our own ===<br />
* [http://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/images/4/4f/Dell.pdf Dell Workstation 9200 for the SVT Test] with a monitor.<br />
* [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=101&cat=14 QPhotonics Laser diode QFBGLD-1080-2 diode] at &Lambda;=1080 nm and maximum power 5mW coupled to a single mode fiber (see [[:Image:QFBGLD-1080-2.gif | the spec-sheet for this diode]]).<br />
<br />
=== From Jefferson Lab ===</div>Srn5https://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/index.php?title=SVT_Project&diff=2921SVT Project2007-10-23T15:29:34Z<p>Srn5: /* Micromegas Detectors */</p>
<hr />
<div>= The UNH Silicon Vertex Tracker Project =<br />
<br />
The UNH Nuclear Physics group will be building a test facility for the Silicon Vertex Tracker (SVT) for CLAS12. The current plan is for the SVT to be build up of 4 concentric layers. Each layer will provide x and y information from two silicon strip detectors, each detector with a different "pitch" for the strips. A scattered particle will thus go through 8 layers of silicon plus the support backing and the detector will provide 4 x,y,z points to compute a track.<br />
<br />
Previous work performed at Jlab:<br />
* '''Status: 2006'''<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-010.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-010] SVT R&D Progress Report.<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-013.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-013] Simulation of the SVX4 ASICs' Performance<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-014.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-014] Specifications for the Hall B Silicon Vertex Tracker's Prototype Module<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-021.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-021] Two Possible Configurations of the Silicon Vertex Tracker<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-024.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-024] Dead Time Due to the Frequency of Reset and Restore Operations of the SVX4 ASICs<br />
* '''Status: 2007'''<br />
** [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf Laser Test Stand Report FY 07].<br />
<br />
A completing solution for tracking in the inner detector is the ''''micromegas detector'''', see: [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2007-004.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2007-004]<br />
<br />
== Related Papers ==<br />
===Silicon Vertex Detectors===<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4D0Y6DP-1&_user=1967573&_coverDate=11%2F11%2F2004&_alid=636311647&_rdoc=11&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=90&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=38fb3a7edace710fd475f3a01a9f5fd8 A new Monte Carlo code for full simulation of silicon strip detectors] <br />
**Detailed description of simulation design for ionization and signal readout in SSD<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4FKY7FT-1&_user=1967573&_coverDate=04%2F01%2F2005&_alid=627076008&_rdoc=23&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=79&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=a8a9aac50928fdb047ba2133e9c04b00 Silicon tracking detectors - historical overview]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-41F5X25-9&_user=1967573&_coverDate=10%2F11%2F2000&_alid=627077088&_rdoc=26&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=93&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=513a697b1624ddaf8b5619e004dd3123 Overview: silicon vertex detectors and trackers]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-46MC9SG-7&_user=1967573&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1995&_alid=627078546&_rdoc=7&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=171&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=a86eaec2a3c0ddf31483c56258ed48b8 Characterization and quality control of silicon microstrip detectors with an infrared diode laser system]<br />
**Useful for studying angle of incidence of laser in tests<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FCC6-TH&_user=1967573&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1993&_alid=627080328&_rdoc=38&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=77&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=e37879eab740fc952d8a182cb99f97f1 The OPAL milicon microvertex detector]<br />
**Heavy in readout electronics and algorithms <br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FC4B-PP&_user=1967573&_coverDate=07%2F15%2F1988&_alid=627081491&_rdoc=22&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=87&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=4e664556fa71769632bd598dbbfa2215 Infrared light charge injector as a tool for the study of silicon detectors]<br />
<br />
===Micromegas Detectors===<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-3VSPXSV-Y&_user=1967573&_coverDate=06%2F21%2F1996&_alid=636332497&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=e234b18f985161d8372a825460c25e1e Micromegas: a high-granularity position-sensitive gaseous detector for high particle-flux environments] <br />
**Initial paper on Micromegas<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-3VHW9D0-8&_user=1967573&_coverDate=12%2F21%2F1998&_alid=636333833&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=a223645319adabdec0a3b9c7efb5a569 Development and prospects of the new gaseous detector "Miromegas"] <br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-3VPCFGM-5&_user=1967573&_coverDate=02%2F21%2F1999&_alid=636334586&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=0e50030780c1773c770913adb1e8deb9 Development of a fast gaseous detector: 'Micromegas'] <br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-430WX8M-W&_user=1967573&_coverDate=04%2F01%2F2001&_alid=636335429&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=bf6be193322b130bbcfaaf14bccb4166 Spatial resolution and rate capabilities of Micromegas detector]<br />
<br />
== SVT for CLAS12 - Drawing and Such ==<br />
<br />
[http://clasweb.jlab.org/instrumentation/SVT/CD2/PDF/ACD/060%20sensor%20cross-section%20represetation.pdf Cross Section Drawing of SVT chip]<br />
<br />
== Requirements for Testing == <br />
<br />
* Laser with wavelength &lambda;~1100 nm to match the band gap energy of silicon. <br />
* The mechanical system should be able to drive a laser system over a box of approximately 1m long and 15cm wide, weighing approximately 1kg. This is what we saw in the JLab electronic room.<br />
* Positioning of the laser in the x-direction much better than 150&micro;m.<br />
** Motor with high accuracy is needed.<br />
* Laser spot on the surface better than 50 &micro;m.<br />
** Very high precision motor can be used to keep fiber close to the surface.<br />
** Also can use an optical lense to focus laser beam onto the surface.<br />
* Pulse length of the laser much less than 132 nsec to match the clock rate of the SVX4 chip (if we want the charge measurement to be meaningful during the test).<br />
* If the efficiency needs to be measured we need to make sure that the laser is not fired when the pulse is be close to the end of the gate, possibly by synchronizing the laser pulser and the SVX4 clock.<br />
<br />
== Pulsed Laser for Testing ==<br />
<br />
:The main principle of the LASER test is the [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FC4B-PP&_user=859303&_coverDate=07%2F15%2F1988&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&view=c&_acct=C000046323&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=859303&md5=876b43e6aafe73c6f4ead07e2cdeece4&ref=full injection of charge into silicon using an infrared LASER]. <br />
<br />
=== Test setup at Fermi Lab ===<br />
* [http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=10174848 Pulsed LASER for testing silicon strip detectors], which was used for similar purposes at Fermi Lab. <br />
** This DO Note describes a pulsed LASER setup for testing silicon strip detectors at the Silicon Detector Facility (SiDet) of Fermilab supporting the related projects and, in particular, the DO Silicon Tracker Upgrade. It will be used in the measurements of the efficiency of individual strips and their coupling. The LASER wavelength is 1060 nm, at which the absorption length in silicon is about 2 mm. The LASER setup is capable of producing light pulses with rise time of less than 1 ns, allowing the measurement of charge pulse shaping at individual strips and their capacitive couplings. Due to the high power output of the LASER, safety considerations are included. Also discussed are precautions for the safety of the LASER itself, and how to limit the light to an area smaller than 50,pm of diameter.<br />
<br />
=== Test setup for PHENIX ===<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-46MC9SG-7&_user=859303&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1995&_alid=602137605&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_orig_alid=602137605&_cdi=5314&_st=13&_docanchor=&view=c&_subId=927762&_ct=1&_acct=C000046323&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=859303&md5=878893d1a983687b2d985de069d470b7 NIM article describing the laser test setup for PHENIX.] There is also a [http://p25ext.lanl.gov/phenix/mvd/notes/1995/PHENIX-MVD-95-1/laser.html web page describing the PHENIX test setup.] The total cost of the LASER and optics was ~$5000.<br />
<br />
=== CLAS12 Options === <br />
<br />
* Use [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] mainframe with [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 106C optical module]. This is probably most expensive option. <br />
** The [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] can also be found as [http://www.valuetronics.com/Details.aspx?ProdID=9964 a second hand product for cheaper price than the original price ]. But the most of the [http://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/images/d/df/BNC_price_list.pdf price of the setup] comes from the price of [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 106C optical module].<br />
* Use [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] mainframe with [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 085 or 065 optical modules]. The wavelength of these lasers is shorter, which yields shorter absorbtion length for silicon, leading to concentration of the charge near the surface. <br />
* Use [http://www.us-lasers.com/d670nm5.htm a 670nm wavelength laser diode] together with [http://www.ichaus.de/product.php?prod=iC-NZ an integrated circuit laser driver] described in [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf the note by Amrit's group]. This diode also provides maximum of 670nm wavelength for the laser light. <br />
** Although [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf the note] states that a laser diode with longer than 670nm wavelength could not be found, there is [http://www.us-lasers.com/n980nm5m.htm a web page describing such a laser diode with 980nm wavelength]. At this point it is not clear if this diode is actually available in practice and for what price.<br />
* A laser system [http://www.picoquant.com/getfs.htm?products/ldh/ldhseries.htm FSL 500] from a company called <b>PicoQuant</b> based in Germany. This can be used with their laser diode LDH-S-C-1060 which provides light at 1060nm. According to their web site it can be coupled with a singlemode fiber, but the small diameter of the fiber of 10 um is not standart for them, we may end up having to find someone else to couple a fibre for us. The FSL-500 mainframe itself would cost us $13000, while the laser head is $11000, which is kind of steep for a diode. At this point it is otn clear what advantages this diode has over othe cheaper laser diodes (see below).<br />
* [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=80&cat=14 A laser diode QFLD-1060-10S from QPhotonics at 1060nm wavelength at typical power of 10mW], which costs about $300, is another option. This company is currently located in Virginia, moving to Michigan. The diode can be driven by an [http://www.avtechpulse.com/laser/avo-9e/ AVO-9E-B Avtech laser diode driver], which would satisfy our requirements and costs about $10,000. The power statibility within 12 hours of operation is RMS~1%. The lifetime for QFLD-1060-10S is 10000 hrs, after which the power may be reduced by ~20%. There are other diodes available as well: <br />
** [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=309&cat=14 QFBGLD-1060-30PM diode at 1060nm] would provide typical power of 30mW in 10000 hours, costs $1,690.00 .<br />
** [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=101&cat=14 QFBGLD-1080-2 diode at 1080 nm] provides typical power of 2mW for 50000 hours, costs $990.00.<br />
<br />
== Rail and Support System ==<br />
<br />
* The rail and support system will be based on three moving stages: one to scan across the silicon chip (x-stage), the other to focus the laser (z-stage), and the third one to move the laser to scan the chip at a different position. <br />
* Amrit's group had a prototype which included x and z statges, plus some railings designed to move them. This will serve as the starting point for the UNH design. The motor for x-motion was Zaber Technlogies T-LLS275 (or [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=KT-LLS260 equivalent model]), and the motor for z-motion was [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=NA11B60 Zaber NA11B60].<br />
* One alternative is to use T-LLS275 (or [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=KT-LLS260 equivalent model])as the y-stage, but get a new and smaller motor for x-motion since 25 cm range provided by T-LLS275 is probably too big anyway. The range and the precision of other Zaber motors might be better matched for scanning the wafer across than the relatively large T-LLS275.<br />
* Another good option is to order all three axis assembled from a single company [http://www.velmex.com/ Velmex, Inc]. The only problem I encountered with them is that they would like to build the assembly using the same type of slides without mixing different slide families, which may not be a problem but an inconvenience. Aparently the mixing drives the cost up because of various mecahnical adapters needed to match parts from different families. This option would be really nice and it would cost about $8000.<br />
<br />
== Very Brief Notes from the Wednesday Bi-weekly Tracking Meetings ==<br />
* [[ Tracking Meeting on 18 July 2007 ]]<br />
* Tracking Meeting on 01 August 2007 <br />
* [[ Tracking Meeting on 15 August 2007 ]]<br />
<br />
== Available Hardware == <br />
=== Our own ===<br />
* [http://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/images/4/4f/Dell.pdf Dell Workstation 9200 for the SVT Test] with a monitor.<br />
* [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=101&cat=14 QPhotonics Laser diode QFBGLD-1080-2 diode] at &Lambda;=1080 nm and maximum power 5mW coupled to a single mode fiber (see [[:Image:QFBGLD-1080-2.gif | the spec-sheet for this diode]]).<br />
<br />
=== From Jefferson Lab ===</div>Srn5https://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/index.php?title=SVT_Project&diff=2920SVT Project2007-10-23T15:25:01Z<p>Srn5: /* Micromegas Detectors */</p>
<hr />
<div>= The UNH Silicon Vertex Tracker Project =<br />
<br />
The UNH Nuclear Physics group will be building a test facility for the Silicon Vertex Tracker (SVT) for CLAS12. The current plan is for the SVT to be build up of 4 concentric layers. Each layer will provide x and y information from two silicon strip detectors, each detector with a different "pitch" for the strips. A scattered particle will thus go through 8 layers of silicon plus the support backing and the detector will provide 4 x,y,z points to compute a track.<br />
<br />
Previous work performed at Jlab:<br />
* '''Status: 2006'''<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-010.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-010] SVT R&D Progress Report.<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-013.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-013] Simulation of the SVX4 ASICs' Performance<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-014.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-014] Specifications for the Hall B Silicon Vertex Tracker's Prototype Module<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-021.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-021] Two Possible Configurations of the Silicon Vertex Tracker<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-024.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-024] Dead Time Due to the Frequency of Reset and Restore Operations of the SVX4 ASICs<br />
* '''Status: 2007'''<br />
** [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf Laser Test Stand Report FY 07].<br />
<br />
A completing solution for tracking in the inner detector is the ''''micromegas detector'''', see: [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2007-004.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2007-004]<br />
<br />
== Related Papers ==<br />
===Silicon Vertex Detectors===<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4D0Y6DP-1&_user=1967573&_coverDate=11%2F11%2F2004&_alid=636311647&_rdoc=11&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=90&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=38fb3a7edace710fd475f3a01a9f5fd8 A new Monte Carlo code for full simulation of silicon strip detectors] <br />
**Detailed description of simulation design for ionization and signal readout in SSD<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4FKY7FT-1&_user=1967573&_coverDate=04%2F01%2F2005&_alid=627076008&_rdoc=23&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=79&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=a8a9aac50928fdb047ba2133e9c04b00 Silicon tracking detectors - historical overview]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-41F5X25-9&_user=1967573&_coverDate=10%2F11%2F2000&_alid=627077088&_rdoc=26&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=93&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=513a697b1624ddaf8b5619e004dd3123 Overview: silicon vertex detectors and trackers]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-46MC9SG-7&_user=1967573&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1995&_alid=627078546&_rdoc=7&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=171&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=a86eaec2a3c0ddf31483c56258ed48b8 Characterization and quality control of silicon microstrip detectors with an infrared diode laser system]<br />
**Useful for studying angle of incidence of laser in tests<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FCC6-TH&_user=1967573&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1993&_alid=627080328&_rdoc=38&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=77&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=e37879eab740fc952d8a182cb99f97f1 The OPAL milicon microvertex detector]<br />
**Heavy in readout electronics and algorithms <br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FC4B-PP&_user=1967573&_coverDate=07%2F15%2F1988&_alid=627081491&_rdoc=22&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=87&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=4e664556fa71769632bd598dbbfa2215 Infrared light charge injector as a tool for the study of silicon detectors]<br />
<br />
===Micromegas Detectors===<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-3VSPXSV-Y&_user=1967573&_coverDate=06%2F21%2F1996&_alid=636332497&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=e234b18f985161d8372a825460c25e1e MICROMEGAS: a high-granularity position-sensitive gaseous detector for high particle-flux environments] <br />
**Initial paper on Micromegas<br />
<br />
== SVT for CLAS12 - Drawing and Such ==<br />
<br />
[http://clasweb.jlab.org/instrumentation/SVT/CD2/PDF/ACD/060%20sensor%20cross-section%20represetation.pdf Cross Section Drawing of SVT chip]<br />
<br />
== Requirements for Testing == <br />
<br />
* Laser with wavelength &lambda;~1100 nm to match the band gap energy of silicon. <br />
* The mechanical system should be able to drive a laser system over a box of approximately 1m long and 15cm wide, weighing approximately 1kg. This is what we saw in the JLab electronic room.<br />
* Positioning of the laser in the x-direction much better than 150&micro;m.<br />
** Motor with high accuracy is needed.<br />
* Laser spot on the surface better than 50 &micro;m.<br />
** Very high precision motor can be used to keep fiber close to the surface.<br />
** Also can use an optical lense to focus laser beam onto the surface.<br />
* Pulse length of the laser much less than 132 nsec to match the clock rate of the SVX4 chip (if we want the charge measurement to be meaningful during the test).<br />
* If the efficiency needs to be measured we need to make sure that the laser is not fired when the pulse is be close to the end of the gate, possibly by synchronizing the laser pulser and the SVX4 clock.<br />
<br />
== Pulsed Laser for Testing ==<br />
<br />
:The main principle of the LASER test is the [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FC4B-PP&_user=859303&_coverDate=07%2F15%2F1988&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&view=c&_acct=C000046323&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=859303&md5=876b43e6aafe73c6f4ead07e2cdeece4&ref=full injection of charge into silicon using an infrared LASER]. <br />
<br />
=== Test setup at Fermi Lab ===<br />
* [http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=10174848 Pulsed LASER for testing silicon strip detectors], which was used for similar purposes at Fermi Lab. <br />
** This DO Note describes a pulsed LASER setup for testing silicon strip detectors at the Silicon Detector Facility (SiDet) of Fermilab supporting the related projects and, in particular, the DO Silicon Tracker Upgrade. It will be used in the measurements of the efficiency of individual strips and their coupling. The LASER wavelength is 1060 nm, at which the absorption length in silicon is about 2 mm. The LASER setup is capable of producing light pulses with rise time of less than 1 ns, allowing the measurement of charge pulse shaping at individual strips and their capacitive couplings. Due to the high power output of the LASER, safety considerations are included. Also discussed are precautions for the safety of the LASER itself, and how to limit the light to an area smaller than 50,pm of diameter.<br />
<br />
=== Test setup for PHENIX ===<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-46MC9SG-7&_user=859303&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1995&_alid=602137605&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_orig_alid=602137605&_cdi=5314&_st=13&_docanchor=&view=c&_subId=927762&_ct=1&_acct=C000046323&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=859303&md5=878893d1a983687b2d985de069d470b7 NIM article describing the laser test setup for PHENIX.] There is also a [http://p25ext.lanl.gov/phenix/mvd/notes/1995/PHENIX-MVD-95-1/laser.html web page describing the PHENIX test setup.] The total cost of the LASER and optics was ~$5000.<br />
<br />
=== CLAS12 Options === <br />
<br />
* Use [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] mainframe with [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 106C optical module]. This is probably most expensive option. <br />
** The [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] can also be found as [http://www.valuetronics.com/Details.aspx?ProdID=9964 a second hand product for cheaper price than the original price ]. But the most of the [http://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/images/d/df/BNC_price_list.pdf price of the setup] comes from the price of [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 106C optical module].<br />
* Use [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] mainframe with [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 085 or 065 optical modules]. The wavelength of these lasers is shorter, which yields shorter absorbtion length for silicon, leading to concentration of the charge near the surface. <br />
* Use [http://www.us-lasers.com/d670nm5.htm a 670nm wavelength laser diode] together with [http://www.ichaus.de/product.php?prod=iC-NZ an integrated circuit laser driver] described in [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf the note by Amrit's group]. This diode also provides maximum of 670nm wavelength for the laser light. <br />
** Although [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf the note] states that a laser diode with longer than 670nm wavelength could not be found, there is [http://www.us-lasers.com/n980nm5m.htm a web page describing such a laser diode with 980nm wavelength]. At this point it is not clear if this diode is actually available in practice and for what price.<br />
* A laser system [http://www.picoquant.com/getfs.htm?products/ldh/ldhseries.htm FSL 500] from a company called <b>PicoQuant</b> based in Germany. This can be used with their laser diode LDH-S-C-1060 which provides light at 1060nm. According to their web site it can be coupled with a singlemode fiber, but the small diameter of the fiber of 10 um is not standart for them, we may end up having to find someone else to couple a fibre for us. The FSL-500 mainframe itself would cost us $13000, while the laser head is $11000, which is kind of steep for a diode. At this point it is otn clear what advantages this diode has over othe cheaper laser diodes (see below).<br />
* [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=80&cat=14 A laser diode QFLD-1060-10S from QPhotonics at 1060nm wavelength at typical power of 10mW], which costs about $300, is another option. This company is currently located in Virginia, moving to Michigan. The diode can be driven by an [http://www.avtechpulse.com/laser/avo-9e/ AVO-9E-B Avtech laser diode driver], which would satisfy our requirements and costs about $10,000. The power statibility within 12 hours of operation is RMS~1%. The lifetime for QFLD-1060-10S is 10000 hrs, after which the power may be reduced by ~20%. There are other diodes available as well: <br />
** [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=309&cat=14 QFBGLD-1060-30PM diode at 1060nm] would provide typical power of 30mW in 10000 hours, costs $1,690.00 .<br />
** [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=101&cat=14 QFBGLD-1080-2 diode at 1080 nm] provides typical power of 2mW for 50000 hours, costs $990.00.<br />
<br />
== Rail and Support System ==<br />
<br />
* The rail and support system will be based on three moving stages: one to scan across the silicon chip (x-stage), the other to focus the laser (z-stage), and the third one to move the laser to scan the chip at a different position. <br />
* Amrit's group had a prototype which included x and z statges, plus some railings designed to move them. This will serve as the starting point for the UNH design. The motor for x-motion was Zaber Technlogies T-LLS275 (or [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=KT-LLS260 equivalent model]), and the motor for z-motion was [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=NA11B60 Zaber NA11B60].<br />
* One alternative is to use T-LLS275 (or [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=KT-LLS260 equivalent model])as the y-stage, but get a new and smaller motor for x-motion since 25 cm range provided by T-LLS275 is probably too big anyway. The range and the precision of other Zaber motors might be better matched for scanning the wafer across than the relatively large T-LLS275.<br />
* Another good option is to order all three axis assembled from a single company [http://www.velmex.com/ Velmex, Inc]. The only problem I encountered with them is that they would like to build the assembly using the same type of slides without mixing different slide families, which may not be a problem but an inconvenience. Aparently the mixing drives the cost up because of various mecahnical adapters needed to match parts from different families. This option would be really nice and it would cost about $8000.<br />
<br />
== Very Brief Notes from the Wednesday Bi-weekly Tracking Meetings ==<br />
* [[ Tracking Meeting on 18 July 2007 ]]<br />
* Tracking Meeting on 01 August 2007 <br />
* [[ Tracking Meeting on 15 August 2007 ]]<br />
<br />
== Available Hardware == <br />
=== Our own ===<br />
* [http://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/images/4/4f/Dell.pdf Dell Workstation 9200 for the SVT Test] with a monitor.<br />
* [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=101&cat=14 QPhotonics Laser diode QFBGLD-1080-2 diode] at &Lambda;=1080 nm and maximum power 5mW coupled to a single mode fiber (see [[:Image:QFBGLD-1080-2.gif | the spec-sheet for this diode]]).<br />
<br />
=== From Jefferson Lab ===</div>Srn5https://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/index.php?title=SVT_Project&diff=2919SVT Project2007-10-23T15:24:51Z<p>Srn5: /* Micromegas Detectors */</p>
<hr />
<div>= The UNH Silicon Vertex Tracker Project =<br />
<br />
The UNH Nuclear Physics group will be building a test facility for the Silicon Vertex Tracker (SVT) for CLAS12. The current plan is for the SVT to be build up of 4 concentric layers. Each layer will provide x and y information from two silicon strip detectors, each detector with a different "pitch" for the strips. A scattered particle will thus go through 8 layers of silicon plus the support backing and the detector will provide 4 x,y,z points to compute a track.<br />
<br />
Previous work performed at Jlab:<br />
* '''Status: 2006'''<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-010.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-010] SVT R&D Progress Report.<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-013.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-013] Simulation of the SVX4 ASICs' Performance<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-014.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-014] Specifications for the Hall B Silicon Vertex Tracker's Prototype Module<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-021.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-021] Two Possible Configurations of the Silicon Vertex Tracker<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-024.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-024] Dead Time Due to the Frequency of Reset and Restore Operations of the SVX4 ASICs<br />
* '''Status: 2007'''<br />
** [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf Laser Test Stand Report FY 07].<br />
<br />
A completing solution for tracking in the inner detector is the ''''micromegas detector'''', see: [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2007-004.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2007-004]<br />
<br />
== Related Papers ==<br />
===Silicon Vertex Detectors===<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4D0Y6DP-1&_user=1967573&_coverDate=11%2F11%2F2004&_alid=636311647&_rdoc=11&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=90&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=38fb3a7edace710fd475f3a01a9f5fd8 A new Monte Carlo code for full simulation of silicon strip detectors] <br />
**Detailed description of simulation design for ionization and signal readout in SSD<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4FKY7FT-1&_user=1967573&_coverDate=04%2F01%2F2005&_alid=627076008&_rdoc=23&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=79&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=a8a9aac50928fdb047ba2133e9c04b00 Silicon tracking detectors - historical overview]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-41F5X25-9&_user=1967573&_coverDate=10%2F11%2F2000&_alid=627077088&_rdoc=26&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=93&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=513a697b1624ddaf8b5619e004dd3123 Overview: silicon vertex detectors and trackers]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-46MC9SG-7&_user=1967573&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1995&_alid=627078546&_rdoc=7&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=171&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=a86eaec2a3c0ddf31483c56258ed48b8 Characterization and quality control of silicon microstrip detectors with an infrared diode laser system]<br />
**Useful for studying angle of incidence of laser in tests<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FCC6-TH&_user=1967573&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1993&_alid=627080328&_rdoc=38&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=77&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=e37879eab740fc952d8a182cb99f97f1 The OPAL milicon microvertex detector]<br />
**Heavy in readout electronics and algorithms <br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FC4B-PP&_user=1967573&_coverDate=07%2F15%2F1988&_alid=627081491&_rdoc=22&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=87&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=4e664556fa71769632bd598dbbfa2215 Infrared light charge injector as a tool for the study of silicon detectors]<br />
<br />
===Micromegas Detectors===<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-3VSPXSV-Y&_user=1967573&_coverDate=06%2F21%2F1996&_alid=636332497&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=e234b18f985161d8372a825460c25e1e MICROMEGAS: a high-granularity position-sensitive gaseous detector for high particle-flux environments] <br />
*Initial paper on Micromegas<br />
<br />
== SVT for CLAS12 - Drawing and Such ==<br />
<br />
[http://clasweb.jlab.org/instrumentation/SVT/CD2/PDF/ACD/060%20sensor%20cross-section%20represetation.pdf Cross Section Drawing of SVT chip]<br />
<br />
== Requirements for Testing == <br />
<br />
* Laser with wavelength &lambda;~1100 nm to match the band gap energy of silicon. <br />
* The mechanical system should be able to drive a laser system over a box of approximately 1m long and 15cm wide, weighing approximately 1kg. This is what we saw in the JLab electronic room.<br />
* Positioning of the laser in the x-direction much better than 150&micro;m.<br />
** Motor with high accuracy is needed.<br />
* Laser spot on the surface better than 50 &micro;m.<br />
** Very high precision motor can be used to keep fiber close to the surface.<br />
** Also can use an optical lense to focus laser beam onto the surface.<br />
* Pulse length of the laser much less than 132 nsec to match the clock rate of the SVX4 chip (if we want the charge measurement to be meaningful during the test).<br />
* If the efficiency needs to be measured we need to make sure that the laser is not fired when the pulse is be close to the end of the gate, possibly by synchronizing the laser pulser and the SVX4 clock.<br />
<br />
== Pulsed Laser for Testing ==<br />
<br />
:The main principle of the LASER test is the [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FC4B-PP&_user=859303&_coverDate=07%2F15%2F1988&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&view=c&_acct=C000046323&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=859303&md5=876b43e6aafe73c6f4ead07e2cdeece4&ref=full injection of charge into silicon using an infrared LASER]. <br />
<br />
=== Test setup at Fermi Lab ===<br />
* [http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=10174848 Pulsed LASER for testing silicon strip detectors], which was used for similar purposes at Fermi Lab. <br />
** This DO Note describes a pulsed LASER setup for testing silicon strip detectors at the Silicon Detector Facility (SiDet) of Fermilab supporting the related projects and, in particular, the DO Silicon Tracker Upgrade. It will be used in the measurements of the efficiency of individual strips and their coupling. The LASER wavelength is 1060 nm, at which the absorption length in silicon is about 2 mm. The LASER setup is capable of producing light pulses with rise time of less than 1 ns, allowing the measurement of charge pulse shaping at individual strips and their capacitive couplings. Due to the high power output of the LASER, safety considerations are included. Also discussed are precautions for the safety of the LASER itself, and how to limit the light to an area smaller than 50,pm of diameter.<br />
<br />
=== Test setup for PHENIX ===<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-46MC9SG-7&_user=859303&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1995&_alid=602137605&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_orig_alid=602137605&_cdi=5314&_st=13&_docanchor=&view=c&_subId=927762&_ct=1&_acct=C000046323&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=859303&md5=878893d1a983687b2d985de069d470b7 NIM article describing the laser test setup for PHENIX.] There is also a [http://p25ext.lanl.gov/phenix/mvd/notes/1995/PHENIX-MVD-95-1/laser.html web page describing the PHENIX test setup.] The total cost of the LASER and optics was ~$5000.<br />
<br />
=== CLAS12 Options === <br />
<br />
* Use [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] mainframe with [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 106C optical module]. This is probably most expensive option. <br />
** The [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] can also be found as [http://www.valuetronics.com/Details.aspx?ProdID=9964 a second hand product for cheaper price than the original price ]. But the most of the [http://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/images/d/df/BNC_price_list.pdf price of the setup] comes from the price of [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 106C optical module].<br />
* Use [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] mainframe with [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 085 or 065 optical modules]. The wavelength of these lasers is shorter, which yields shorter absorbtion length for silicon, leading to concentration of the charge near the surface. <br />
* Use [http://www.us-lasers.com/d670nm5.htm a 670nm wavelength laser diode] together with [http://www.ichaus.de/product.php?prod=iC-NZ an integrated circuit laser driver] described in [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf the note by Amrit's group]. This diode also provides maximum of 670nm wavelength for the laser light. <br />
** Although [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf the note] states that a laser diode with longer than 670nm wavelength could not be found, there is [http://www.us-lasers.com/n980nm5m.htm a web page describing such a laser diode with 980nm wavelength]. At this point it is not clear if this diode is actually available in practice and for what price.<br />
* A laser system [http://www.picoquant.com/getfs.htm?products/ldh/ldhseries.htm FSL 500] from a company called <b>PicoQuant</b> based in Germany. This can be used with their laser diode LDH-S-C-1060 which provides light at 1060nm. According to their web site it can be coupled with a singlemode fiber, but the small diameter of the fiber of 10 um is not standart for them, we may end up having to find someone else to couple a fibre for us. The FSL-500 mainframe itself would cost us $13000, while the laser head is $11000, which is kind of steep for a diode. At this point it is otn clear what advantages this diode has over othe cheaper laser diodes (see below).<br />
* [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=80&cat=14 A laser diode QFLD-1060-10S from QPhotonics at 1060nm wavelength at typical power of 10mW], which costs about $300, is another option. This company is currently located in Virginia, moving to Michigan. The diode can be driven by an [http://www.avtechpulse.com/laser/avo-9e/ AVO-9E-B Avtech laser diode driver], which would satisfy our requirements and costs about $10,000. The power statibility within 12 hours of operation is RMS~1%. The lifetime for QFLD-1060-10S is 10000 hrs, after which the power may be reduced by ~20%. There are other diodes available as well: <br />
** [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=309&cat=14 QFBGLD-1060-30PM diode at 1060nm] would provide typical power of 30mW in 10000 hours, costs $1,690.00 .<br />
** [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=101&cat=14 QFBGLD-1080-2 diode at 1080 nm] provides typical power of 2mW for 50000 hours, costs $990.00.<br />
<br />
== Rail and Support System ==<br />
<br />
* The rail and support system will be based on three moving stages: one to scan across the silicon chip (x-stage), the other to focus the laser (z-stage), and the third one to move the laser to scan the chip at a different position. <br />
* Amrit's group had a prototype which included x and z statges, plus some railings designed to move them. This will serve as the starting point for the UNH design. The motor for x-motion was Zaber Technlogies T-LLS275 (or [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=KT-LLS260 equivalent model]), and the motor for z-motion was [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=NA11B60 Zaber NA11B60].<br />
* One alternative is to use T-LLS275 (or [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=KT-LLS260 equivalent model])as the y-stage, but get a new and smaller motor for x-motion since 25 cm range provided by T-LLS275 is probably too big anyway. The range and the precision of other Zaber motors might be better matched for scanning the wafer across than the relatively large T-LLS275.<br />
* Another good option is to order all three axis assembled from a single company [http://www.velmex.com/ Velmex, Inc]. The only problem I encountered with them is that they would like to build the assembly using the same type of slides without mixing different slide families, which may not be a problem but an inconvenience. Aparently the mixing drives the cost up because of various mecahnical adapters needed to match parts from different families. This option would be really nice and it would cost about $8000.<br />
<br />
== Very Brief Notes from the Wednesday Bi-weekly Tracking Meetings ==<br />
* [[ Tracking Meeting on 18 July 2007 ]]<br />
* Tracking Meeting on 01 August 2007 <br />
* [[ Tracking Meeting on 15 August 2007 ]]<br />
<br />
== Available Hardware == <br />
=== Our own ===<br />
* [http://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/images/4/4f/Dell.pdf Dell Workstation 9200 for the SVT Test] with a monitor.<br />
* [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=101&cat=14 QPhotonics Laser diode QFBGLD-1080-2 diode] at &Lambda;=1080 nm and maximum power 5mW coupled to a single mode fiber (see [[:Image:QFBGLD-1080-2.gif | the spec-sheet for this diode]]).<br />
<br />
=== From Jefferson Lab ===</div>Srn5https://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/index.php?title=SVT_Project&diff=2918SVT Project2007-10-23T15:22:17Z<p>Srn5: </p>
<hr />
<div>= The UNH Silicon Vertex Tracker Project =<br />
<br />
The UNH Nuclear Physics group will be building a test facility for the Silicon Vertex Tracker (SVT) for CLAS12. The current plan is for the SVT to be build up of 4 concentric layers. Each layer will provide x and y information from two silicon strip detectors, each detector with a different "pitch" for the strips. A scattered particle will thus go through 8 layers of silicon plus the support backing and the detector will provide 4 x,y,z points to compute a track.<br />
<br />
Previous work performed at Jlab:<br />
* '''Status: 2006'''<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-010.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-010] SVT R&D Progress Report.<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-013.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-013] Simulation of the SVX4 ASICs' Performance<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-014.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-014] Specifications for the Hall B Silicon Vertex Tracker's Prototype Module<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-021.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-021] Two Possible Configurations of the Silicon Vertex Tracker<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-024.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-024] Dead Time Due to the Frequency of Reset and Restore Operations of the SVX4 ASICs<br />
* '''Status: 2007'''<br />
** [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf Laser Test Stand Report FY 07].<br />
<br />
A completing solution for tracking in the inner detector is the ''''micromegas detector'''', see: [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2007-004.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2007-004]<br />
<br />
== Related Papers ==<br />
===Silicon Vertex Detectors===<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4D0Y6DP-1&_user=1967573&_coverDate=11%2F11%2F2004&_alid=636311647&_rdoc=11&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=90&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=38fb3a7edace710fd475f3a01a9f5fd8 A new Monte Carlo code for full simulation of silicon strip detectors] <br />
**Detailed description of simulation design for ionization and signal readout in SSD<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4FKY7FT-1&_user=1967573&_coverDate=04%2F01%2F2005&_alid=627076008&_rdoc=23&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=79&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=a8a9aac50928fdb047ba2133e9c04b00 Silicon tracking detectors - historical overview]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-41F5X25-9&_user=1967573&_coverDate=10%2F11%2F2000&_alid=627077088&_rdoc=26&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=93&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=513a697b1624ddaf8b5619e004dd3123 Overview: silicon vertex detectors and trackers]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-46MC9SG-7&_user=1967573&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1995&_alid=627078546&_rdoc=7&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=171&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=a86eaec2a3c0ddf31483c56258ed48b8 Characterization and quality control of silicon microstrip detectors with an infrared diode laser system]<br />
**Useful for studying angle of incidence of laser in tests<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FCC6-TH&_user=1967573&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1993&_alid=627080328&_rdoc=38&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=77&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=e37879eab740fc952d8a182cb99f97f1 The OPAL milicon microvertex detector]<br />
**Heavy in readout electronics and algorithms <br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FC4B-PP&_user=1967573&_coverDate=07%2F15%2F1988&_alid=627081491&_rdoc=22&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=87&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=4e664556fa71769632bd598dbbfa2215 Infrared light charge injector as a tool for the study of silicon detectors]<br />
<br />
===Micromegas Detectors===<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4D0Y6DP-1&_user=1967573&_coverDate=11%2F11%2F2004&_alid=636311647&_rdoc=11&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=90&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=38fb3a7edace710fd475f3a01a9f5fd8 A new Monte Carlo code for full simulation of silicon strip detectors] <br />
**Detailed description of simulation design for ionization and signal readout in SSD<br />
<br />
== SVT for CLAS12 - Drawing and Such ==<br />
<br />
[http://clasweb.jlab.org/instrumentation/SVT/CD2/PDF/ACD/060%20sensor%20cross-section%20represetation.pdf Cross Section Drawing of SVT chip]<br />
<br />
== Requirements for Testing == <br />
<br />
* Laser with wavelength &lambda;~1100 nm to match the band gap energy of silicon. <br />
* The mechanical system should be able to drive a laser system over a box of approximately 1m long and 15cm wide, weighing approximately 1kg. This is what we saw in the JLab electronic room.<br />
* Positioning of the laser in the x-direction much better than 150&micro;m.<br />
** Motor with high accuracy is needed.<br />
* Laser spot on the surface better than 50 &micro;m.<br />
** Very high precision motor can be used to keep fiber close to the surface.<br />
** Also can use an optical lense to focus laser beam onto the surface.<br />
* Pulse length of the laser much less than 132 nsec to match the clock rate of the SVX4 chip (if we want the charge measurement to be meaningful during the test).<br />
* If the efficiency needs to be measured we need to make sure that the laser is not fired when the pulse is be close to the end of the gate, possibly by synchronizing the laser pulser and the SVX4 clock.<br />
<br />
== Pulsed Laser for Testing ==<br />
<br />
:The main principle of the LASER test is the [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FC4B-PP&_user=859303&_coverDate=07%2F15%2F1988&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&view=c&_acct=C000046323&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=859303&md5=876b43e6aafe73c6f4ead07e2cdeece4&ref=full injection of charge into silicon using an infrared LASER]. <br />
<br />
=== Test setup at Fermi Lab ===<br />
* [http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=10174848 Pulsed LASER for testing silicon strip detectors], which was used for similar purposes at Fermi Lab. <br />
** This DO Note describes a pulsed LASER setup for testing silicon strip detectors at the Silicon Detector Facility (SiDet) of Fermilab supporting the related projects and, in particular, the DO Silicon Tracker Upgrade. It will be used in the measurements of the efficiency of individual strips and their coupling. The LASER wavelength is 1060 nm, at which the absorption length in silicon is about 2 mm. The LASER setup is capable of producing light pulses with rise time of less than 1 ns, allowing the measurement of charge pulse shaping at individual strips and their capacitive couplings. Due to the high power output of the LASER, safety considerations are included. Also discussed are precautions for the safety of the LASER itself, and how to limit the light to an area smaller than 50,pm of diameter.<br />
<br />
=== Test setup for PHENIX ===<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-46MC9SG-7&_user=859303&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1995&_alid=602137605&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_orig_alid=602137605&_cdi=5314&_st=13&_docanchor=&view=c&_subId=927762&_ct=1&_acct=C000046323&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=859303&md5=878893d1a983687b2d985de069d470b7 NIM article describing the laser test setup for PHENIX.] There is also a [http://p25ext.lanl.gov/phenix/mvd/notes/1995/PHENIX-MVD-95-1/laser.html web page describing the PHENIX test setup.] The total cost of the LASER and optics was ~$5000.<br />
<br />
=== CLAS12 Options === <br />
<br />
* Use [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] mainframe with [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 106C optical module]. This is probably most expensive option. <br />
** The [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] can also be found as [http://www.valuetronics.com/Details.aspx?ProdID=9964 a second hand product for cheaper price than the original price ]. But the most of the [http://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/images/d/df/BNC_price_list.pdf price of the setup] comes from the price of [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 106C optical module].<br />
* Use [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] mainframe with [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 085 or 065 optical modules]. The wavelength of these lasers is shorter, which yields shorter absorbtion length for silicon, leading to concentration of the charge near the surface. <br />
* Use [http://www.us-lasers.com/d670nm5.htm a 670nm wavelength laser diode] together with [http://www.ichaus.de/product.php?prod=iC-NZ an integrated circuit laser driver] described in [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf the note by Amrit's group]. This diode also provides maximum of 670nm wavelength for the laser light. <br />
** Although [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf the note] states that a laser diode with longer than 670nm wavelength could not be found, there is [http://www.us-lasers.com/n980nm5m.htm a web page describing such a laser diode with 980nm wavelength]. At this point it is not clear if this diode is actually available in practice and for what price.<br />
* A laser system [http://www.picoquant.com/getfs.htm?products/ldh/ldhseries.htm FSL 500] from a company called <b>PicoQuant</b> based in Germany. This can be used with their laser diode LDH-S-C-1060 which provides light at 1060nm. According to their web site it can be coupled with a singlemode fiber, but the small diameter of the fiber of 10 um is not standart for them, we may end up having to find someone else to couple a fibre for us. The FSL-500 mainframe itself would cost us $13000, while the laser head is $11000, which is kind of steep for a diode. At this point it is otn clear what advantages this diode has over othe cheaper laser diodes (see below).<br />
* [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=80&cat=14 A laser diode QFLD-1060-10S from QPhotonics at 1060nm wavelength at typical power of 10mW], which costs about $300, is another option. This company is currently located in Virginia, moving to Michigan. The diode can be driven by an [http://www.avtechpulse.com/laser/avo-9e/ AVO-9E-B Avtech laser diode driver], which would satisfy our requirements and costs about $10,000. The power statibility within 12 hours of operation is RMS~1%. The lifetime for QFLD-1060-10S is 10000 hrs, after which the power may be reduced by ~20%. There are other diodes available as well: <br />
** [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=309&cat=14 QFBGLD-1060-30PM diode at 1060nm] would provide typical power of 30mW in 10000 hours, costs $1,690.00 .<br />
** [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=101&cat=14 QFBGLD-1080-2 diode at 1080 nm] provides typical power of 2mW for 50000 hours, costs $990.00.<br />
<br />
== Rail and Support System ==<br />
<br />
* The rail and support system will be based on three moving stages: one to scan across the silicon chip (x-stage), the other to focus the laser (z-stage), and the third one to move the laser to scan the chip at a different position. <br />
* Amrit's group had a prototype which included x and z statges, plus some railings designed to move them. This will serve as the starting point for the UNH design. The motor for x-motion was Zaber Technlogies T-LLS275 (or [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=KT-LLS260 equivalent model]), and the motor for z-motion was [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=NA11B60 Zaber NA11B60].<br />
* One alternative is to use T-LLS275 (or [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=KT-LLS260 equivalent model])as the y-stage, but get a new and smaller motor for x-motion since 25 cm range provided by T-LLS275 is probably too big anyway. The range and the precision of other Zaber motors might be better matched for scanning the wafer across than the relatively large T-LLS275.<br />
* Another good option is to order all three axis assembled from a single company [http://www.velmex.com/ Velmex, Inc]. The only problem I encountered with them is that they would like to build the assembly using the same type of slides without mixing different slide families, which may not be a problem but an inconvenience. Aparently the mixing drives the cost up because of various mecahnical adapters needed to match parts from different families. This option would be really nice and it would cost about $8000.<br />
<br />
== Very Brief Notes from the Wednesday Bi-weekly Tracking Meetings ==<br />
* [[ Tracking Meeting on 18 July 2007 ]]<br />
* Tracking Meeting on 01 August 2007 <br />
* [[ Tracking Meeting on 15 August 2007 ]]<br />
<br />
== Available Hardware == <br />
=== Our own ===<br />
* [http://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/images/4/4f/Dell.pdf Dell Workstation 9200 for the SVT Test] with a monitor.<br />
* [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=101&cat=14 QPhotonics Laser diode QFBGLD-1080-2 diode] at &Lambda;=1080 nm and maximum power 5mW coupled to a single mode fiber (see [[:Image:QFBGLD-1080-2.gif | the spec-sheet for this diode]]).<br />
<br />
=== From Jefferson Lab ===</div>Srn5https://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/index.php?title=SVT_Project&diff=2917SVT Project2007-10-23T15:21:27Z<p>Srn5: /* Silicon Vertex Detectors */</p>
<hr />
<div>= The UNH Silicon Vertex Tracker Project =<br />
<br />
The UNH Nuclear Physics group will be building a test facility for the Silicon Vertex Tracker (SVT) for CLAS12. The current plan is for the SVT to be build up of 4 concentric layers. Each layer will provide x and y information from two silicon strip detectors, each detector with a different "pitch" for the strips. A scattered particle will thus go through 8 layers of silicon plus the support backing and the detector will provide 4 x,y,z points to compute a track.<br />
<br />
Previous work performed at Jlab:<br />
* '''Status: 2006'''<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-010.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-010] SVT R&D Progress Report.<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-013.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-013] Simulation of the SVX4 ASICs' Performance<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-014.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-014] Specifications for the Hall B Silicon Vertex Tracker's Prototype Module<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-021.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-021] Two Possible Configurations of the Silicon Vertex Tracker<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-024.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-024] Dead Time Due to the Frequency of Reset and Restore Operations of the SVX4 ASICs<br />
* '''Status: 2007'''<br />
** [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf Laser Test Stand Report FY 07].<br />
<br />
A completing solution for tracking in the inner detector is the ''''micromegas detector'''', see: [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2007-004.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2007-004]<br />
<br />
== Related Papers ==<br />
===Silicon Vertex Detectors===<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4D0Y6DP-1&_user=1967573&_coverDate=11%2F11%2F2004&_alid=636311647&_rdoc=11&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=90&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=38fb3a7edace710fd475f3a01a9f5fd8 A new Monte Carlo code for full simulation of silicon strip detectors] <br />
**Detailed description of simulation design for ionization and signal readout in SSD<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4FKY7FT-1&_user=1967573&_coverDate=04%2F01%2F2005&_alid=627076008&_rdoc=23&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=79&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=a8a9aac50928fdb047ba2133e9c04b00 Silicon tracking detectors - historical overview]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-41F5X25-9&_user=1967573&_coverDate=10%2F11%2F2000&_alid=627077088&_rdoc=26&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=93&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=513a697b1624ddaf8b5619e004dd3123 Overview: silicon vertex detectors and trackers]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-46MC9SG-7&_user=1967573&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1995&_alid=627078546&_rdoc=7&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=171&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=a86eaec2a3c0ddf31483c56258ed48b8 Characterization and quality control of silicon microstrip detectors with an infrared diode laser system]<br />
**Useful for studying angle of incidence of laser in tests<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FCC6-TH&_user=1967573&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1993&_alid=627080328&_rdoc=38&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=77&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=e37879eab740fc952d8a182cb99f97f1 The OPAL milicon microvertex detector]<br />
**Heavy in readout electronics and algorithms <br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FC4B-PP&_user=1967573&_coverDate=07%2F15%2F1988&_alid=627081491&_rdoc=22&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=87&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=4e664556fa71769632bd598dbbfa2215 Infrared light charge injector as a tool for the study of silicon detectors]<br />
<br />
===Micromegas Detectors===<br />
**<br />
<br />
== SVT for CLAS12 - Drawing and Such ==<br />
<br />
[http://clasweb.jlab.org/instrumentation/SVT/CD2/PDF/ACD/060%20sensor%20cross-section%20represetation.pdf Cross Section Drawing of SVT chip]<br />
<br />
== Requirements for Testing == <br />
<br />
* Laser with wavelength &lambda;~1100 nm to match the band gap energy of silicon. <br />
* The mechanical system should be able to drive a laser system over a box of approximately 1m long and 15cm wide, weighing approximately 1kg. This is what we saw in the JLab electronic room.<br />
* Positioning of the laser in the x-direction much better than 150&micro;m.<br />
** Motor with high accuracy is needed.<br />
* Laser spot on the surface better than 50 &micro;m.<br />
** Very high precision motor can be used to keep fiber close to the surface.<br />
** Also can use an optical lense to focus laser beam onto the surface.<br />
* Pulse length of the laser much less than 132 nsec to match the clock rate of the SVX4 chip (if we want the charge measurement to be meaningful during the test).<br />
* If the efficiency needs to be measured we need to make sure that the laser is not fired when the pulse is be close to the end of the gate, possibly by synchronizing the laser pulser and the SVX4 clock.<br />
<br />
== Pulsed Laser for Testing ==<br />
<br />
:The main principle of the LASER test is the [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FC4B-PP&_user=859303&_coverDate=07%2F15%2F1988&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&view=c&_acct=C000046323&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=859303&md5=876b43e6aafe73c6f4ead07e2cdeece4&ref=full injection of charge into silicon using an infrared LASER]. <br />
<br />
=== Test setup at Fermi Lab ===<br />
* [http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=10174848 Pulsed LASER for testing silicon strip detectors], which was used for similar purposes at Fermi Lab. <br />
** This DO Note describes a pulsed LASER setup for testing silicon strip detectors at the Silicon Detector Facility (SiDet) of Fermilab supporting the related projects and, in particular, the DO Silicon Tracker Upgrade. It will be used in the measurements of the efficiency of individual strips and their coupling. The LASER wavelength is 1060 nm, at which the absorption length in silicon is about 2 mm. The LASER setup is capable of producing light pulses with rise time of less than 1 ns, allowing the measurement of charge pulse shaping at individual strips and their capacitive couplings. Due to the high power output of the LASER, safety considerations are included. Also discussed are precautions for the safety of the LASER itself, and how to limit the light to an area smaller than 50,pm of diameter.<br />
<br />
=== Test setup for PHENIX ===<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-46MC9SG-7&_user=859303&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1995&_alid=602137605&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_orig_alid=602137605&_cdi=5314&_st=13&_docanchor=&view=c&_subId=927762&_ct=1&_acct=C000046323&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=859303&md5=878893d1a983687b2d985de069d470b7 NIM article describing the laser test setup for PHENIX.] There is also a [http://p25ext.lanl.gov/phenix/mvd/notes/1995/PHENIX-MVD-95-1/laser.html web page describing the PHENIX test setup.] The total cost of the LASER and optics was ~$5000.<br />
<br />
=== CLAS12 Options === <br />
<br />
* Use [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] mainframe with [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 106C optical module]. This is probably most expensive option. <br />
** The [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] can also be found as [http://www.valuetronics.com/Details.aspx?ProdID=9964 a second hand product for cheaper price than the original price ]. But the most of the [http://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/images/d/df/BNC_price_list.pdf price of the setup] comes from the price of [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 106C optical module].<br />
* Use [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] mainframe with [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 085 or 065 optical modules]. The wavelength of these lasers is shorter, which yields shorter absorbtion length for silicon, leading to concentration of the charge near the surface. <br />
* Use [http://www.us-lasers.com/d670nm5.htm a 670nm wavelength laser diode] together with [http://www.ichaus.de/product.php?prod=iC-NZ an integrated circuit laser driver] described in [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf the note by Amrit's group]. This diode also provides maximum of 670nm wavelength for the laser light. <br />
** Although [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf the note] states that a laser diode with longer than 670nm wavelength could not be found, there is [http://www.us-lasers.com/n980nm5m.htm a web page describing such a laser diode with 980nm wavelength]. At this point it is not clear if this diode is actually available in practice and for what price.<br />
* A laser system [http://www.picoquant.com/getfs.htm?products/ldh/ldhseries.htm FSL 500] from a company called <b>PicoQuant</b> based in Germany. This can be used with their laser diode LDH-S-C-1060 which provides light at 1060nm. According to their web site it can be coupled with a singlemode fiber, but the small diameter of the fiber of 10 um is not standart for them, we may end up having to find someone else to couple a fibre for us. The FSL-500 mainframe itself would cost us $13000, while the laser head is $11000, which is kind of steep for a diode. At this point it is otn clear what advantages this diode has over othe cheaper laser diodes (see below).<br />
* [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=80&cat=14 A laser diode QFLD-1060-10S from QPhotonics at 1060nm wavelength at typical power of 10mW], which costs about $300, is another option. This company is currently located in Virginia, moving to Michigan. The diode can be driven by an [http://www.avtechpulse.com/laser/avo-9e/ AVO-9E-B Avtech laser diode driver], which would satisfy our requirements and costs about $10,000. The power statibility within 12 hours of operation is RMS~1%. The lifetime for QFLD-1060-10S is 10000 hrs, after which the power may be reduced by ~20%. There are other diodes available as well: <br />
** [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=309&cat=14 QFBGLD-1060-30PM diode at 1060nm] would provide typical power of 30mW in 10000 hours, costs $1,690.00 .<br />
** [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=101&cat=14 QFBGLD-1080-2 diode at 1080 nm] provides typical power of 2mW for 50000 hours, costs $990.00.<br />
<br />
== Rail and Support System ==<br />
<br />
* The rail and support system will be based on three moving stages: one to scan across the silicon chip (x-stage), the other to focus the laser (z-stage), and the third one to move the laser to scan the chip at a different position. <br />
* Amrit's group had a prototype which included x and z statges, plus some railings designed to move them. This will serve as the starting point for the UNH design. The motor for x-motion was Zaber Technlogies T-LLS275 (or [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=KT-LLS260 equivalent model]), and the motor for z-motion was [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=NA11B60 Zaber NA11B60].<br />
* One alternative is to use T-LLS275 (or [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=KT-LLS260 equivalent model])as the y-stage, but get a new and smaller motor for x-motion since 25 cm range provided by T-LLS275 is probably too big anyway. The range and the precision of other Zaber motors might be better matched for scanning the wafer across than the relatively large T-LLS275.<br />
* Another good option is to order all three axis assembled from a single company [http://www.velmex.com/ Velmex, Inc]. The only problem I encountered with them is that they would like to build the assembly using the same type of slides without mixing different slide families, which may not be a problem but an inconvenience. Aparently the mixing drives the cost up because of various mecahnical adapters needed to match parts from different families. This option would be really nice and it would cost about $8000.<br />
<br />
== Very Brief Notes from the Wednesday Bi-weekly Tracking Meetings ==<br />
* [[ Tracking Meeting on 18 July 2007 ]]<br />
* Tracking Meeting on 01 August 2007 <br />
* [[ Tracking Meeting on 15 August 2007 ]]<br />
<br />
== Available Hardware == <br />
=== Our own ===<br />
* [http://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/images/4/4f/Dell.pdf Dell Workstation 9200 for the SVT Test] with a monitor.<br />
* [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=101&cat=14 QPhotonics Laser diode QFBGLD-1080-2 diode] at &Lambda;=1080 nm and maximum power 5mW coupled to a single mode fiber (see [[:Image:QFBGLD-1080-2.gif | the spec-sheet for this diode]]).<br />
<br />
=== From Jefferson Lab ===</div>Srn5https://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/index.php?title=SVT_Project&diff=2916SVT Project2007-10-23T15:20:24Z<p>Srn5: /* Silicon Vertex Detectors */</p>
<hr />
<div>= The UNH Silicon Vertex Tracker Project =<br />
<br />
The UNH Nuclear Physics group will be building a test facility for the Silicon Vertex Tracker (SVT) for CLAS12. The current plan is for the SVT to be build up of 4 concentric layers. Each layer will provide x and y information from two silicon strip detectors, each detector with a different "pitch" for the strips. A scattered particle will thus go through 8 layers of silicon plus the support backing and the detector will provide 4 x,y,z points to compute a track.<br />
<br />
Previous work performed at Jlab:<br />
* '''Status: 2006'''<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-010.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-010] SVT R&D Progress Report.<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-013.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-013] Simulation of the SVX4 ASICs' Performance<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-014.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-014] Specifications for the Hall B Silicon Vertex Tracker's Prototype Module<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-021.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-021] Two Possible Configurations of the Silicon Vertex Tracker<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-024.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-024] Dead Time Due to the Frequency of Reset and Restore Operations of the SVX4 ASICs<br />
* '''Status: 2007'''<br />
** [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf Laser Test Stand Report FY 07].<br />
<br />
A completing solution for tracking in the inner detector is the ''''micromegas detector'''', see: [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2007-004.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2007-004]<br />
<br />
== Related Papers ==<br />
===Silicon Vertex Detectors===<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4D0Y6DP-1&_user=1967573&_coverDate=11%2F11%2F2004&_alid=636311647&_rdoc=11&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=90&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=38fb3a7edace710fd475f3a01a9f5fd8 A new Monte Carlo code for full simulation of silicon strip detectors] <br />
**Detailed description of simulation design for ionization and signal readout in SSD<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4FKY7FT-1&_user=1967573&_coverDate=04%2F01%2F2005&_alid=627076008&_rdoc=23&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=79&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=a8a9aac50928fdb047ba2133e9c04b00 Silicon tracking detectors - historical overview]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-41F5X25-9&_user=1967573&_coverDate=10%2F11%2F2000&_alid=627077088&_rdoc=26&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=93&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=513a697b1624ddaf8b5619e004dd3123 Overview: silicon vertex detectors and trackers]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-46MC9SG-7&_user=1967573&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1995&_alid=627078546&_rdoc=7&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=171&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=a86eaec2a3c0ddf31483c56258ed48b8 Characterization and quality control of silicon microstrip detectors with an infrared diode laser system]<br />
**Useful for studying angle of incidence of laser in tests<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FCC6-TH&_user=1967573&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1993&_alid=627080328&_rdoc=38&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=77&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=e37879eab740fc952d8a182cb99f97f1 OPAL detector described]<br />
**Heavy in readout electronics and algorithms <br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FC4B-PP&_user=1967573&_coverDate=07%2F15%2F1988&_alid=627081491&_rdoc=22&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=87&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=4e664556fa71769632bd598dbbfa2215 Study of depth and spread of depletion layer using infrared laser light.]<br />
<br />
===Micromegas Detectors===<br />
**<br />
<br />
== SVT for CLAS12 - Drawing and Such ==<br />
<br />
[http://clasweb.jlab.org/instrumentation/SVT/CD2/PDF/ACD/060%20sensor%20cross-section%20represetation.pdf Cross Section Drawing of SVT chip]<br />
<br />
== Requirements for Testing == <br />
<br />
* Laser with wavelength &lambda;~1100 nm to match the band gap energy of silicon. <br />
* The mechanical system should be able to drive a laser system over a box of approximately 1m long and 15cm wide, weighing approximately 1kg. This is what we saw in the JLab electronic room.<br />
* Positioning of the laser in the x-direction much better than 150&micro;m.<br />
** Motor with high accuracy is needed.<br />
* Laser spot on the surface better than 50 &micro;m.<br />
** Very high precision motor can be used to keep fiber close to the surface.<br />
** Also can use an optical lense to focus laser beam onto the surface.<br />
* Pulse length of the laser much less than 132 nsec to match the clock rate of the SVX4 chip (if we want the charge measurement to be meaningful during the test).<br />
* If the efficiency needs to be measured we need to make sure that the laser is not fired when the pulse is be close to the end of the gate, possibly by synchronizing the laser pulser and the SVX4 clock.<br />
<br />
== Pulsed Laser for Testing ==<br />
<br />
:The main principle of the LASER test is the [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FC4B-PP&_user=859303&_coverDate=07%2F15%2F1988&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&view=c&_acct=C000046323&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=859303&md5=876b43e6aafe73c6f4ead07e2cdeece4&ref=full injection of charge into silicon using an infrared LASER]. <br />
<br />
=== Test setup at Fermi Lab ===<br />
* [http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=10174848 Pulsed LASER for testing silicon strip detectors], which was used for similar purposes at Fermi Lab. <br />
** This DO Note describes a pulsed LASER setup for testing silicon strip detectors at the Silicon Detector Facility (SiDet) of Fermilab supporting the related projects and, in particular, the DO Silicon Tracker Upgrade. It will be used in the measurements of the efficiency of individual strips and their coupling. The LASER wavelength is 1060 nm, at which the absorption length in silicon is about 2 mm. The LASER setup is capable of producing light pulses with rise time of less than 1 ns, allowing the measurement of charge pulse shaping at individual strips and their capacitive couplings. Due to the high power output of the LASER, safety considerations are included. Also discussed are precautions for the safety of the LASER itself, and how to limit the light to an area smaller than 50,pm of diameter.<br />
<br />
=== Test setup for PHENIX ===<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-46MC9SG-7&_user=859303&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1995&_alid=602137605&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_orig_alid=602137605&_cdi=5314&_st=13&_docanchor=&view=c&_subId=927762&_ct=1&_acct=C000046323&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=859303&md5=878893d1a983687b2d985de069d470b7 NIM article describing the laser test setup for PHENIX.] There is also a [http://p25ext.lanl.gov/phenix/mvd/notes/1995/PHENIX-MVD-95-1/laser.html web page describing the PHENIX test setup.] The total cost of the LASER and optics was ~$5000.<br />
<br />
=== CLAS12 Options === <br />
<br />
* Use [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] mainframe with [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 106C optical module]. This is probably most expensive option. <br />
** The [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] can also be found as [http://www.valuetronics.com/Details.aspx?ProdID=9964 a second hand product for cheaper price than the original price ]. But the most of the [http://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/images/d/df/BNC_price_list.pdf price of the setup] comes from the price of [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 106C optical module].<br />
* Use [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] mainframe with [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 085 or 065 optical modules]. The wavelength of these lasers is shorter, which yields shorter absorbtion length for silicon, leading to concentration of the charge near the surface. <br />
* Use [http://www.us-lasers.com/d670nm5.htm a 670nm wavelength laser diode] together with [http://www.ichaus.de/product.php?prod=iC-NZ an integrated circuit laser driver] described in [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf the note by Amrit's group]. This diode also provides maximum of 670nm wavelength for the laser light. <br />
** Although [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf the note] states that a laser diode with longer than 670nm wavelength could not be found, there is [http://www.us-lasers.com/n980nm5m.htm a web page describing such a laser diode with 980nm wavelength]. At this point it is not clear if this diode is actually available in practice and for what price.<br />
* A laser system [http://www.picoquant.com/getfs.htm?products/ldh/ldhseries.htm FSL 500] from a company called <b>PicoQuant</b> based in Germany. This can be used with their laser diode LDH-S-C-1060 which provides light at 1060nm. According to their web site it can be coupled with a singlemode fiber, but the small diameter of the fiber of 10 um is not standart for them, we may end up having to find someone else to couple a fibre for us. The FSL-500 mainframe itself would cost us $13000, while the laser head is $11000, which is kind of steep for a diode. At this point it is otn clear what advantages this diode has over othe cheaper laser diodes (see below).<br />
* [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=80&cat=14 A laser diode QFLD-1060-10S from QPhotonics at 1060nm wavelength at typical power of 10mW], which costs about $300, is another option. This company is currently located in Virginia, moving to Michigan. The diode can be driven by an [http://www.avtechpulse.com/laser/avo-9e/ AVO-9E-B Avtech laser diode driver], which would satisfy our requirements and costs about $10,000. The power statibility within 12 hours of operation is RMS~1%. The lifetime for QFLD-1060-10S is 10000 hrs, after which the power may be reduced by ~20%. There are other diodes available as well: <br />
** [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=309&cat=14 QFBGLD-1060-30PM diode at 1060nm] would provide typical power of 30mW in 10000 hours, costs $1,690.00 .<br />
** [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=101&cat=14 QFBGLD-1080-2 diode at 1080 nm] provides typical power of 2mW for 50000 hours, costs $990.00.<br />
<br />
== Rail and Support System ==<br />
<br />
* The rail and support system will be based on three moving stages: one to scan across the silicon chip (x-stage), the other to focus the laser (z-stage), and the third one to move the laser to scan the chip at a different position. <br />
* Amrit's group had a prototype which included x and z statges, plus some railings designed to move them. This will serve as the starting point for the UNH design. The motor for x-motion was Zaber Technlogies T-LLS275 (or [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=KT-LLS260 equivalent model]), and the motor for z-motion was [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=NA11B60 Zaber NA11B60].<br />
* One alternative is to use T-LLS275 (or [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=KT-LLS260 equivalent model])as the y-stage, but get a new and smaller motor for x-motion since 25 cm range provided by T-LLS275 is probably too big anyway. The range and the precision of other Zaber motors might be better matched for scanning the wafer across than the relatively large T-LLS275.<br />
* Another good option is to order all three axis assembled from a single company [http://www.velmex.com/ Velmex, Inc]. The only problem I encountered with them is that they would like to build the assembly using the same type of slides without mixing different slide families, which may not be a problem but an inconvenience. Aparently the mixing drives the cost up because of various mecahnical adapters needed to match parts from different families. This option would be really nice and it would cost about $8000.<br />
<br />
== Very Brief Notes from the Wednesday Bi-weekly Tracking Meetings ==<br />
* [[ Tracking Meeting on 18 July 2007 ]]<br />
* Tracking Meeting on 01 August 2007 <br />
* [[ Tracking Meeting on 15 August 2007 ]]<br />
<br />
== Available Hardware == <br />
=== Our own ===<br />
* [http://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/images/4/4f/Dell.pdf Dell Workstation 9200 for the SVT Test] with a monitor.<br />
* [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=101&cat=14 QPhotonics Laser diode QFBGLD-1080-2 diode] at &Lambda;=1080 nm and maximum power 5mW coupled to a single mode fiber (see [[:Image:QFBGLD-1080-2.gif | the spec-sheet for this diode]]).<br />
<br />
=== From Jefferson Lab ===</div>Srn5https://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/index.php?title=SVT_Project&diff=2915SVT Project2007-10-23T15:19:31Z<p>Srn5: /* Silicon Vertex Detectors */</p>
<hr />
<div>= The UNH Silicon Vertex Tracker Project =<br />
<br />
The UNH Nuclear Physics group will be building a test facility for the Silicon Vertex Tracker (SVT) for CLAS12. The current plan is for the SVT to be build up of 4 concentric layers. Each layer will provide x and y information from two silicon strip detectors, each detector with a different "pitch" for the strips. A scattered particle will thus go through 8 layers of silicon plus the support backing and the detector will provide 4 x,y,z points to compute a track.<br />
<br />
Previous work performed at Jlab:<br />
* '''Status: 2006'''<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-010.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-010] SVT R&D Progress Report.<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-013.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-013] Simulation of the SVX4 ASICs' Performance<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-014.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-014] Specifications for the Hall B Silicon Vertex Tracker's Prototype Module<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-021.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-021] Two Possible Configurations of the Silicon Vertex Tracker<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-024.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-024] Dead Time Due to the Frequency of Reset and Restore Operations of the SVX4 ASICs<br />
* '''Status: 2007'''<br />
** [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf Laser Test Stand Report FY 07].<br />
<br />
A completing solution for tracking in the inner detector is the ''''micromegas detector'''', see: [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2007-004.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2007-004]<br />
<br />
== Related Papers ==<br />
===Silicon Vertex Detectors===<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4D0Y6DP-1&_user=1967573&_coverDate=11%2F11%2F2004&_alid=636311647&_rdoc=11&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=90&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=38fb3a7edace710fd475f3a01a9f5fd8 A new Monte Carlo code for full simulation of silicon strip detectors] <br />
**Detailed description of simulation design for ionization and signal readout in SSD<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4FKY7FT-1&_user=1967573&_coverDate=04%2F01%2F2005&_alid=627076008&_rdoc=23&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=79&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=a8a9aac50928fdb047ba2133e9c04b00 Silicon tracking detectors - historical overview]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-41F5X25-9&_user=1967573&_coverDate=10%2F11%2F2000&_alid=627077088&_rdoc=26&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=93&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=513a697b1624ddaf8b5619e004dd3123 Overview: silicon vertex detectors and trackers]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-46MC9SG-7&_user=1967573&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1995&_alid=627078546&_rdoc=7&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=171&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=a86eaec2a3c0ddf31483c56258ed48b8 Description of testing using diode laser]<br />
**Useful for studying angle of incidence of laser in tests<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FCC6-TH&_user=1967573&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1993&_alid=627080328&_rdoc=38&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=77&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=e37879eab740fc952d8a182cb99f97f1 OPAL detector described]<br />
**Heavy in readout electronics and algorithms <br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FC4B-PP&_user=1967573&_coverDate=07%2F15%2F1988&_alid=627081491&_rdoc=22&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=87&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=4e664556fa71769632bd598dbbfa2215 Study of depth and spread of depletion layer using infrared laser light.]<br />
<br />
===Micromegas Detectors===<br />
**<br />
<br />
== SVT for CLAS12 - Drawing and Such ==<br />
<br />
[http://clasweb.jlab.org/instrumentation/SVT/CD2/PDF/ACD/060%20sensor%20cross-section%20represetation.pdf Cross Section Drawing of SVT chip]<br />
<br />
== Requirements for Testing == <br />
<br />
* Laser with wavelength &lambda;~1100 nm to match the band gap energy of silicon. <br />
* The mechanical system should be able to drive a laser system over a box of approximately 1m long and 15cm wide, weighing approximately 1kg. This is what we saw in the JLab electronic room.<br />
* Positioning of the laser in the x-direction much better than 150&micro;m.<br />
** Motor with high accuracy is needed.<br />
* Laser spot on the surface better than 50 &micro;m.<br />
** Very high precision motor can be used to keep fiber close to the surface.<br />
** Also can use an optical lense to focus laser beam onto the surface.<br />
* Pulse length of the laser much less than 132 nsec to match the clock rate of the SVX4 chip (if we want the charge measurement to be meaningful during the test).<br />
* If the efficiency needs to be measured we need to make sure that the laser is not fired when the pulse is be close to the end of the gate, possibly by synchronizing the laser pulser and the SVX4 clock.<br />
<br />
== Pulsed Laser for Testing ==<br />
<br />
:The main principle of the LASER test is the [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FC4B-PP&_user=859303&_coverDate=07%2F15%2F1988&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&view=c&_acct=C000046323&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=859303&md5=876b43e6aafe73c6f4ead07e2cdeece4&ref=full injection of charge into silicon using an infrared LASER]. <br />
<br />
=== Test setup at Fermi Lab ===<br />
* [http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=10174848 Pulsed LASER for testing silicon strip detectors], which was used for similar purposes at Fermi Lab. <br />
** This DO Note describes a pulsed LASER setup for testing silicon strip detectors at the Silicon Detector Facility (SiDet) of Fermilab supporting the related projects and, in particular, the DO Silicon Tracker Upgrade. It will be used in the measurements of the efficiency of individual strips and their coupling. The LASER wavelength is 1060 nm, at which the absorption length in silicon is about 2 mm. The LASER setup is capable of producing light pulses with rise time of less than 1 ns, allowing the measurement of charge pulse shaping at individual strips and their capacitive couplings. Due to the high power output of the LASER, safety considerations are included. Also discussed are precautions for the safety of the LASER itself, and how to limit the light to an area smaller than 50,pm of diameter.<br />
<br />
=== Test setup for PHENIX ===<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-46MC9SG-7&_user=859303&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1995&_alid=602137605&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_orig_alid=602137605&_cdi=5314&_st=13&_docanchor=&view=c&_subId=927762&_ct=1&_acct=C000046323&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=859303&md5=878893d1a983687b2d985de069d470b7 NIM article describing the laser test setup for PHENIX.] There is also a [http://p25ext.lanl.gov/phenix/mvd/notes/1995/PHENIX-MVD-95-1/laser.html web page describing the PHENIX test setup.] The total cost of the LASER and optics was ~$5000.<br />
<br />
=== CLAS12 Options === <br />
<br />
* Use [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] mainframe with [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 106C optical module]. This is probably most expensive option. <br />
** The [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] can also be found as [http://www.valuetronics.com/Details.aspx?ProdID=9964 a second hand product for cheaper price than the original price ]. But the most of the [http://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/images/d/df/BNC_price_list.pdf price of the setup] comes from the price of [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 106C optical module].<br />
* Use [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] mainframe with [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 085 or 065 optical modules]. The wavelength of these lasers is shorter, which yields shorter absorbtion length for silicon, leading to concentration of the charge near the surface. <br />
* Use [http://www.us-lasers.com/d670nm5.htm a 670nm wavelength laser diode] together with [http://www.ichaus.de/product.php?prod=iC-NZ an integrated circuit laser driver] described in [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf the note by Amrit's group]. This diode also provides maximum of 670nm wavelength for the laser light. <br />
** Although [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf the note] states that a laser diode with longer than 670nm wavelength could not be found, there is [http://www.us-lasers.com/n980nm5m.htm a web page describing such a laser diode with 980nm wavelength]. At this point it is not clear if this diode is actually available in practice and for what price.<br />
* A laser system [http://www.picoquant.com/getfs.htm?products/ldh/ldhseries.htm FSL 500] from a company called <b>PicoQuant</b> based in Germany. This can be used with their laser diode LDH-S-C-1060 which provides light at 1060nm. According to their web site it can be coupled with a singlemode fiber, but the small diameter of the fiber of 10 um is not standart for them, we may end up having to find someone else to couple a fibre for us. The FSL-500 mainframe itself would cost us $13000, while the laser head is $11000, which is kind of steep for a diode. At this point it is otn clear what advantages this diode has over othe cheaper laser diodes (see below).<br />
* [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=80&cat=14 A laser diode QFLD-1060-10S from QPhotonics at 1060nm wavelength at typical power of 10mW], which costs about $300, is another option. This company is currently located in Virginia, moving to Michigan. The diode can be driven by an [http://www.avtechpulse.com/laser/avo-9e/ AVO-9E-B Avtech laser diode driver], which would satisfy our requirements and costs about $10,000. The power statibility within 12 hours of operation is RMS~1%. The lifetime for QFLD-1060-10S is 10000 hrs, after which the power may be reduced by ~20%. There are other diodes available as well: <br />
** [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=309&cat=14 QFBGLD-1060-30PM diode at 1060nm] would provide typical power of 30mW in 10000 hours, costs $1,690.00 .<br />
** [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=101&cat=14 QFBGLD-1080-2 diode at 1080 nm] provides typical power of 2mW for 50000 hours, costs $990.00.<br />
<br />
== Rail and Support System ==<br />
<br />
* The rail and support system will be based on three moving stages: one to scan across the silicon chip (x-stage), the other to focus the laser (z-stage), and the third one to move the laser to scan the chip at a different position. <br />
* Amrit's group had a prototype which included x and z statges, plus some railings designed to move them. This will serve as the starting point for the UNH design. The motor for x-motion was Zaber Technlogies T-LLS275 (or [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=KT-LLS260 equivalent model]), and the motor for z-motion was [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=NA11B60 Zaber NA11B60].<br />
* One alternative is to use T-LLS275 (or [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=KT-LLS260 equivalent model])as the y-stage, but get a new and smaller motor for x-motion since 25 cm range provided by T-LLS275 is probably too big anyway. The range and the precision of other Zaber motors might be better matched for scanning the wafer across than the relatively large T-LLS275.<br />
* Another good option is to order all three axis assembled from a single company [http://www.velmex.com/ Velmex, Inc]. The only problem I encountered with them is that they would like to build the assembly using the same type of slides without mixing different slide families, which may not be a problem but an inconvenience. Aparently the mixing drives the cost up because of various mecahnical adapters needed to match parts from different families. This option would be really nice and it would cost about $8000.<br />
<br />
== Very Brief Notes from the Wednesday Bi-weekly Tracking Meetings ==<br />
* [[ Tracking Meeting on 18 July 2007 ]]<br />
* Tracking Meeting on 01 August 2007 <br />
* [[ Tracking Meeting on 15 August 2007 ]]<br />
<br />
== Available Hardware == <br />
=== Our own ===<br />
* [http://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/images/4/4f/Dell.pdf Dell Workstation 9200 for the SVT Test] with a monitor.<br />
* [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=101&cat=14 QPhotonics Laser diode QFBGLD-1080-2 diode] at &Lambda;=1080 nm and maximum power 5mW coupled to a single mode fiber (see [[:Image:QFBGLD-1080-2.gif | the spec-sheet for this diode]]).<br />
<br />
=== From Jefferson Lab ===</div>Srn5https://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/index.php?title=SVT_Project&diff=2914SVT Project2007-10-23T15:15:14Z<p>Srn5: /* Related Papers */</p>
<hr />
<div>= The UNH Silicon Vertex Tracker Project =<br />
<br />
The UNH Nuclear Physics group will be building a test facility for the Silicon Vertex Tracker (SVT) for CLAS12. The current plan is for the SVT to be build up of 4 concentric layers. Each layer will provide x and y information from two silicon strip detectors, each detector with a different "pitch" for the strips. A scattered particle will thus go through 8 layers of silicon plus the support backing and the detector will provide 4 x,y,z points to compute a track.<br />
<br />
Previous work performed at Jlab:<br />
* '''Status: 2006'''<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-010.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-010] SVT R&D Progress Report.<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-013.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-013] Simulation of the SVX4 ASICs' Performance<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-014.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-014] Specifications for the Hall B Silicon Vertex Tracker's Prototype Module<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-021.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-021] Two Possible Configurations of the Silicon Vertex Tracker<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-024.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-024] Dead Time Due to the Frequency of Reset and Restore Operations of the SVX4 ASICs<br />
* '''Status: 2007'''<br />
** [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf Laser Test Stand Report FY 07].<br />
<br />
A completing solution for tracking in the inner detector is the ''''micromegas detector'''', see: [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2007-004.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2007-004]<br />
<br />
== Related Papers ==<br />
===Silicon Vertex Detectors===<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4D0Y6DP-1&_user=1967573&_coverDate=11%2F11%2F2004&_alid=636311647&_rdoc=11&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=90&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=38fb3a7edace710fd475f3a01a9f5fd8 A new Monte Carlo code for full simulation of silicon strip detectors] <br />
**Detailed description of simulation design for ionization and signal readout in SSD<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4FKY7FT-1&_user=1967573&_coverDate=04%2F01%2F2005&_alid=627076008&_rdoc=23&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=79&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=a8a9aac50928fdb047ba2133e9c04b00 Historical background of development of Silicon detectors]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-41F5X25-9&_user=1967573&_coverDate=10%2F11%2F2000&_alid=627077088&_rdoc=26&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=93&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=513a697b1624ddaf8b5619e004dd3123 Short summary of many detector designs]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-46MC9SG-7&_user=1967573&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1995&_alid=627078546&_rdoc=7&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=171&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=a86eaec2a3c0ddf31483c56258ed48b8 Description of testing using diode laser]<br />
**Useful for studying angle of incidence of laser in tests<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FCC6-TH&_user=1967573&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1993&_alid=627080328&_rdoc=38&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=77&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=e37879eab740fc952d8a182cb99f97f1 OPAL detector described]<br />
**Heavy in readout electronics and algorithms <br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FC4B-PP&_user=1967573&_coverDate=07%2F15%2F1988&_alid=627081491&_rdoc=22&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=87&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=4e664556fa71769632bd598dbbfa2215 Study of depth and spread of depletion layer using infrared laser light.] <br />
<br />
===Micromegas Detectors===<br />
**<br />
<br />
== SVT for CLAS12 - Drawing and Such ==<br />
<br />
[http://clasweb.jlab.org/instrumentation/SVT/CD2/PDF/ACD/060%20sensor%20cross-section%20represetation.pdf Cross Section Drawing of SVT chip]<br />
<br />
== Requirements for Testing == <br />
<br />
* Laser with wavelength &lambda;~1100 nm to match the band gap energy of silicon. <br />
* The mechanical system should be able to drive a laser system over a box of approximately 1m long and 15cm wide, weighing approximately 1kg. This is what we saw in the JLab electronic room.<br />
* Positioning of the laser in the x-direction much better than 150&micro;m.<br />
** Motor with high accuracy is needed.<br />
* Laser spot on the surface better than 50 &micro;m.<br />
** Very high precision motor can be used to keep fiber close to the surface.<br />
** Also can use an optical lense to focus laser beam onto the surface.<br />
* Pulse length of the laser much less than 132 nsec to match the clock rate of the SVX4 chip (if we want the charge measurement to be meaningful during the test).<br />
* If the efficiency needs to be measured we need to make sure that the laser is not fired when the pulse is be close to the end of the gate, possibly by synchronizing the laser pulser and the SVX4 clock.<br />
<br />
== Pulsed Laser for Testing ==<br />
<br />
:The main principle of the LASER test is the [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FC4B-PP&_user=859303&_coverDate=07%2F15%2F1988&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&view=c&_acct=C000046323&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=859303&md5=876b43e6aafe73c6f4ead07e2cdeece4&ref=full injection of charge into silicon using an infrared LASER]. <br />
<br />
=== Test setup at Fermi Lab ===<br />
* [http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=10174848 Pulsed LASER for testing silicon strip detectors], which was used for similar purposes at Fermi Lab. <br />
** This DO Note describes a pulsed LASER setup for testing silicon strip detectors at the Silicon Detector Facility (SiDet) of Fermilab supporting the related projects and, in particular, the DO Silicon Tracker Upgrade. It will be used in the measurements of the efficiency of individual strips and their coupling. The LASER wavelength is 1060 nm, at which the absorption length in silicon is about 2 mm. The LASER setup is capable of producing light pulses with rise time of less than 1 ns, allowing the measurement of charge pulse shaping at individual strips and their capacitive couplings. Due to the high power output of the LASER, safety considerations are included. Also discussed are precautions for the safety of the LASER itself, and how to limit the light to an area smaller than 50,pm of diameter.<br />
<br />
=== Test setup for PHENIX ===<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-46MC9SG-7&_user=859303&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1995&_alid=602137605&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_orig_alid=602137605&_cdi=5314&_st=13&_docanchor=&view=c&_subId=927762&_ct=1&_acct=C000046323&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=859303&md5=878893d1a983687b2d985de069d470b7 NIM article describing the laser test setup for PHENIX.] There is also a [http://p25ext.lanl.gov/phenix/mvd/notes/1995/PHENIX-MVD-95-1/laser.html web page describing the PHENIX test setup.] The total cost of the LASER and optics was ~$5000.<br />
<br />
=== CLAS12 Options === <br />
<br />
* Use [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] mainframe with [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 106C optical module]. This is probably most expensive option. <br />
** The [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] can also be found as [http://www.valuetronics.com/Details.aspx?ProdID=9964 a second hand product for cheaper price than the original price ]. But the most of the [http://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/images/d/df/BNC_price_list.pdf price of the setup] comes from the price of [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 106C optical module].<br />
* Use [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] mainframe with [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 085 or 065 optical modules]. The wavelength of these lasers is shorter, which yields shorter absorbtion length for silicon, leading to concentration of the charge near the surface. <br />
* Use [http://www.us-lasers.com/d670nm5.htm a 670nm wavelength laser diode] together with [http://www.ichaus.de/product.php?prod=iC-NZ an integrated circuit laser driver] described in [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf the note by Amrit's group]. This diode also provides maximum of 670nm wavelength for the laser light. <br />
** Although [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf the note] states that a laser diode with longer than 670nm wavelength could not be found, there is [http://www.us-lasers.com/n980nm5m.htm a web page describing such a laser diode with 980nm wavelength]. At this point it is not clear if this diode is actually available in practice and for what price.<br />
* A laser system [http://www.picoquant.com/getfs.htm?products/ldh/ldhseries.htm FSL 500] from a company called <b>PicoQuant</b> based in Germany. This can be used with their laser diode LDH-S-C-1060 which provides light at 1060nm. According to their web site it can be coupled with a singlemode fiber, but the small diameter of the fiber of 10 um is not standart for them, we may end up having to find someone else to couple a fibre for us. The FSL-500 mainframe itself would cost us $13000, while the laser head is $11000, which is kind of steep for a diode. At this point it is otn clear what advantages this diode has over othe cheaper laser diodes (see below).<br />
* [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=80&cat=14 A laser diode QFLD-1060-10S from QPhotonics at 1060nm wavelength at typical power of 10mW], which costs about $300, is another option. This company is currently located in Virginia, moving to Michigan. The diode can be driven by an [http://www.avtechpulse.com/laser/avo-9e/ AVO-9E-B Avtech laser diode driver], which would satisfy our requirements and costs about $10,000. The power statibility within 12 hours of operation is RMS~1%. The lifetime for QFLD-1060-10S is 10000 hrs, after which the power may be reduced by ~20%. There are other diodes available as well: <br />
** [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=309&cat=14 QFBGLD-1060-30PM diode at 1060nm] would provide typical power of 30mW in 10000 hours, costs $1,690.00 .<br />
** [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=101&cat=14 QFBGLD-1080-2 diode at 1080 nm] provides typical power of 2mW for 50000 hours, costs $990.00.<br />
<br />
== Rail and Support System ==<br />
<br />
* The rail and support system will be based on three moving stages: one to scan across the silicon chip (x-stage), the other to focus the laser (z-stage), and the third one to move the laser to scan the chip at a different position. <br />
* Amrit's group had a prototype which included x and z statges, plus some railings designed to move them. This will serve as the starting point for the UNH design. The motor for x-motion was Zaber Technlogies T-LLS275 (or [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=KT-LLS260 equivalent model]), and the motor for z-motion was [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=NA11B60 Zaber NA11B60].<br />
* One alternative is to use T-LLS275 (or [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=KT-LLS260 equivalent model])as the y-stage, but get a new and smaller motor for x-motion since 25 cm range provided by T-LLS275 is probably too big anyway. The range and the precision of other Zaber motors might be better matched for scanning the wafer across than the relatively large T-LLS275.<br />
* Another good option is to order all three axis assembled from a single company [http://www.velmex.com/ Velmex, Inc]. The only problem I encountered with them is that they would like to build the assembly using the same type of slides without mixing different slide families, which may not be a problem but an inconvenience. Aparently the mixing drives the cost up because of various mecahnical adapters needed to match parts from different families. This option would be really nice and it would cost about $8000.<br />
<br />
== Very Brief Notes from the Wednesday Bi-weekly Tracking Meetings ==<br />
* [[ Tracking Meeting on 18 July 2007 ]]<br />
* Tracking Meeting on 01 August 2007 <br />
* [[ Tracking Meeting on 15 August 2007 ]]<br />
<br />
== Available Hardware == <br />
=== Our own ===<br />
* [http://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/images/4/4f/Dell.pdf Dell Workstation 9200 for the SVT Test] with a monitor.<br />
* [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=101&cat=14 QPhotonics Laser diode QFBGLD-1080-2 diode] at &Lambda;=1080 nm and maximum power 5mW coupled to a single mode fiber (see [[:Image:QFBGLD-1080-2.gif | the spec-sheet for this diode]]).<br />
<br />
=== From Jefferson Lab ===</div>Srn5https://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/index.php?title=SVT_Project&diff=2913SVT Project2007-10-23T15:04:40Z<p>Srn5: /* Related Papers */</p>
<hr />
<div>= The UNH Silicon Vertex Tracker Project =<br />
<br />
The UNH Nuclear Physics group will be building a test facility for the Silicon Vertex Tracker (SVT) for CLAS12. The current plan is for the SVT to be build up of 4 concentric layers. Each layer will provide x and y information from two silicon strip detectors, each detector with a different "pitch" for the strips. A scattered particle will thus go through 8 layers of silicon plus the support backing and the detector will provide 4 x,y,z points to compute a track.<br />
<br />
Previous work performed at Jlab:<br />
* '''Status: 2006'''<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-010.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-010] SVT R&D Progress Report.<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-013.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-013] Simulation of the SVX4 ASICs' Performance<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-014.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-014] Specifications for the Hall B Silicon Vertex Tracker's Prototype Module<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-021.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-021] Two Possible Configurations of the Silicon Vertex Tracker<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-024.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-024] Dead Time Due to the Frequency of Reset and Restore Operations of the SVX4 ASICs<br />
* '''Status: 2007'''<br />
** [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf Laser Test Stand Report FY 07].<br />
<br />
A completing solution for tracking in the inner detector is the ''''micromegas detector'''', see: [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2007-004.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2007-004]<br />
<br />
== Related Papers ==<br />
*'''Silicon Vertex Detectors'''<br />
<br />
[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4D0Y6DP-1&_user=1967573&_coverDate=11%2F11%2F2004&_alid=636311647&_rdoc=11&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=90&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=38fb3a7edace710fd475f3a01a9f5fd8 A new Monte Carlo code for full simulation of silicon strip detectors] <br />
- Detailed description of simulation design for ionization and signal readout in SSD<br />
<br />
[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4FKY7FT-1&_user=1967573&_coverDate=04%2F01%2F2005&_alid=627076008&_rdoc=23&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=79&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=a8a9aac50928fdb047ba2133e9c04b00 Historical background of development of Silicon detectors]<br />
<br />
[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-41F5X25-9&_user=1967573&_coverDate=10%2F11%2F2000&_alid=627077088&_rdoc=26&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=93&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=513a697b1624ddaf8b5619e004dd3123 Short summary of many detector designs]<br />
<br />
[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-46MC9SG-7&_user=1967573&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1995&_alid=627078546&_rdoc=7&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=171&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=a86eaec2a3c0ddf31483c56258ed48b8 Description of testing using diode laser] - Useful for studying angle of incidence of laser in tests<br />
<br />
[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FCC6-TH&_user=1967573&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1993&_alid=627080328&_rdoc=38&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=77&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=e37879eab740fc952d8a182cb99f97f1 OPAL detector described] - heavy in readout electronics and algorithms <br />
<br />
[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FC4B-PP&_user=1967573&_coverDate=07%2F15%2F1988&_alid=627081491&_rdoc=22&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=87&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=4e664556fa71769632bd598dbbfa2215 Study of depth and spread of depletion layer using infrared laser light.] <br />
<br />
*'''Micromegas Detectors'''<br />
**<br />
<br />
== SVT for CLAS12 - Drawing and Such ==<br />
<br />
[http://clasweb.jlab.org/instrumentation/SVT/CD2/PDF/ACD/060%20sensor%20cross-section%20represetation.pdf Cross Section Drawing of SVT chip]<br />
<br />
== Requirements for Testing == <br />
<br />
* Laser with wavelength &lambda;~1100 nm to match the band gap energy of silicon. <br />
* The mechanical system should be able to drive a laser system over a box of approximately 1m long and 15cm wide, weighing approximately 1kg. This is what we saw in the JLab electronic room.<br />
* Positioning of the laser in the x-direction much better than 150&micro;m.<br />
** Motor with high accuracy is needed.<br />
* Laser spot on the surface better than 50 &micro;m.<br />
** Very high precision motor can be used to keep fiber close to the surface.<br />
** Also can use an optical lense to focus laser beam onto the surface.<br />
* Pulse length of the laser much less than 132 nsec to match the clock rate of the SVX4 chip (if we want the charge measurement to be meaningful during the test).<br />
* If the efficiency needs to be measured we need to make sure that the laser is not fired when the pulse is be close to the end of the gate, possibly by synchronizing the laser pulser and the SVX4 clock.<br />
<br />
== Pulsed Laser for Testing ==<br />
<br />
:The main principle of the LASER test is the [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FC4B-PP&_user=859303&_coverDate=07%2F15%2F1988&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&view=c&_acct=C000046323&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=859303&md5=876b43e6aafe73c6f4ead07e2cdeece4&ref=full injection of charge into silicon using an infrared LASER]. <br />
<br />
=== Test setup at Fermi Lab ===<br />
* [http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=10174848 Pulsed LASER for testing silicon strip detectors], which was used for similar purposes at Fermi Lab. <br />
** This DO Note describes a pulsed LASER setup for testing silicon strip detectors at the Silicon Detector Facility (SiDet) of Fermilab supporting the related projects and, in particular, the DO Silicon Tracker Upgrade. It will be used in the measurements of the efficiency of individual strips and their coupling. The LASER wavelength is 1060 nm, at which the absorption length in silicon is about 2 mm. The LASER setup is capable of producing light pulses with rise time of less than 1 ns, allowing the measurement of charge pulse shaping at individual strips and their capacitive couplings. Due to the high power output of the LASER, safety considerations are included. Also discussed are precautions for the safety of the LASER itself, and how to limit the light to an area smaller than 50,pm of diameter.<br />
<br />
=== Test setup for PHENIX ===<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-46MC9SG-7&_user=859303&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1995&_alid=602137605&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_orig_alid=602137605&_cdi=5314&_st=13&_docanchor=&view=c&_subId=927762&_ct=1&_acct=C000046323&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=859303&md5=878893d1a983687b2d985de069d470b7 NIM article describing the laser test setup for PHENIX.] There is also a [http://p25ext.lanl.gov/phenix/mvd/notes/1995/PHENIX-MVD-95-1/laser.html web page describing the PHENIX test setup.] The total cost of the LASER and optics was ~$5000.<br />
<br />
=== CLAS12 Options === <br />
<br />
* Use [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] mainframe with [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 106C optical module]. This is probably most expensive option. <br />
** The [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] can also be found as [http://www.valuetronics.com/Details.aspx?ProdID=9964 a second hand product for cheaper price than the original price ]. But the most of the [http://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/images/d/df/BNC_price_list.pdf price of the setup] comes from the price of [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 106C optical module].<br />
* Use [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] mainframe with [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 085 or 065 optical modules]. The wavelength of these lasers is shorter, which yields shorter absorbtion length for silicon, leading to concentration of the charge near the surface. <br />
* Use [http://www.us-lasers.com/d670nm5.htm a 670nm wavelength laser diode] together with [http://www.ichaus.de/product.php?prod=iC-NZ an integrated circuit laser driver] described in [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf the note by Amrit's group]. This diode also provides maximum of 670nm wavelength for the laser light. <br />
** Although [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf the note] states that a laser diode with longer than 670nm wavelength could not be found, there is [http://www.us-lasers.com/n980nm5m.htm a web page describing such a laser diode with 980nm wavelength]. At this point it is not clear if this diode is actually available in practice and for what price.<br />
* A laser system [http://www.picoquant.com/getfs.htm?products/ldh/ldhseries.htm FSL 500] from a company called <b>PicoQuant</b> based in Germany. This can be used with their laser diode LDH-S-C-1060 which provides light at 1060nm. According to their web site it can be coupled with a singlemode fiber, but the small diameter of the fiber of 10 um is not standart for them, we may end up having to find someone else to couple a fibre for us. The FSL-500 mainframe itself would cost us $13000, while the laser head is $11000, which is kind of steep for a diode. At this point it is otn clear what advantages this diode has over othe cheaper laser diodes (see below).<br />
* [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=80&cat=14 A laser diode QFLD-1060-10S from QPhotonics at 1060nm wavelength at typical power of 10mW], which costs about $300, is another option. This company is currently located in Virginia, moving to Michigan. The diode can be driven by an [http://www.avtechpulse.com/laser/avo-9e/ AVO-9E-B Avtech laser diode driver], which would satisfy our requirements and costs about $10,000. The power statibility within 12 hours of operation is RMS~1%. The lifetime for QFLD-1060-10S is 10000 hrs, after which the power may be reduced by ~20%. There are other diodes available as well: <br />
** [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=309&cat=14 QFBGLD-1060-30PM diode at 1060nm] would provide typical power of 30mW in 10000 hours, costs $1,690.00 .<br />
** [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=101&cat=14 QFBGLD-1080-2 diode at 1080 nm] provides typical power of 2mW for 50000 hours, costs $990.00.<br />
<br />
== Rail and Support System ==<br />
<br />
* The rail and support system will be based on three moving stages: one to scan across the silicon chip (x-stage), the other to focus the laser (z-stage), and the third one to move the laser to scan the chip at a different position. <br />
* Amrit's group had a prototype which included x and z statges, plus some railings designed to move them. This will serve as the starting point for the UNH design. The motor for x-motion was Zaber Technlogies T-LLS275 (or [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=KT-LLS260 equivalent model]), and the motor for z-motion was [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=NA11B60 Zaber NA11B60].<br />
* One alternative is to use T-LLS275 (or [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=KT-LLS260 equivalent model])as the y-stage, but get a new and smaller motor for x-motion since 25 cm range provided by T-LLS275 is probably too big anyway. The range and the precision of other Zaber motors might be better matched for scanning the wafer across than the relatively large T-LLS275.<br />
* Another good option is to order all three axis assembled from a single company [http://www.velmex.com/ Velmex, Inc]. The only problem I encountered with them is that they would like to build the assembly using the same type of slides without mixing different slide families, which may not be a problem but an inconvenience. Aparently the mixing drives the cost up because of various mecahnical adapters needed to match parts from different families. This option would be really nice and it would cost about $8000.<br />
<br />
== Very Brief Notes from the Wednesday Bi-weekly Tracking Meetings ==<br />
* [[ Tracking Meeting on 18 July 2007 ]]<br />
* Tracking Meeting on 01 August 2007 <br />
* [[ Tracking Meeting on 15 August 2007 ]]<br />
<br />
== Available Hardware == <br />
=== Our own ===<br />
* [http://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/images/4/4f/Dell.pdf Dell Workstation 9200 for the SVT Test] with a monitor.<br />
* [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=101&cat=14 QPhotonics Laser diode QFBGLD-1080-2 diode] at &Lambda;=1080 nm and maximum power 5mW coupled to a single mode fiber (see [[:Image:QFBGLD-1080-2.gif | the spec-sheet for this diode]]).<br />
<br />
=== From Jefferson Lab ===</div>Srn5https://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/index.php?title=SVT_Project&diff=2912SVT Project2007-10-23T14:59:16Z<p>Srn5: /* Related Papers */</p>
<hr />
<div>= The UNH Silicon Vertex Tracker Project =<br />
<br />
The UNH Nuclear Physics group will be building a test facility for the Silicon Vertex Tracker (SVT) for CLAS12. The current plan is for the SVT to be build up of 4 concentric layers. Each layer will provide x and y information from two silicon strip detectors, each detector with a different "pitch" for the strips. A scattered particle will thus go through 8 layers of silicon plus the support backing and the detector will provide 4 x,y,z points to compute a track.<br />
<br />
Previous work performed at Jlab:<br />
* '''Status: 2006'''<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-010.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-010] SVT R&D Progress Report.<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-013.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-013] Simulation of the SVX4 ASICs' Performance<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-014.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-014] Specifications for the Hall B Silicon Vertex Tracker's Prototype Module<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-021.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-021] Two Possible Configurations of the Silicon Vertex Tracker<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-024.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-024] Dead Time Due to the Frequency of Reset and Restore Operations of the SVX4 ASICs<br />
* '''Status: 2007'''<br />
** [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf Laser Test Stand Report FY 07].<br />
<br />
A completing solution for tracking in the inner detector is the ''''micromegas detector'''', see: [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2007-004.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2007-004]<br />
<br />
== Related Papers ==<br />
*'''Silicon Vertex Detectors'''<br />
<br />
[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4D0Y6DP-1&_user=1967573&_coverDate=11%2F11%2F2004&_alid=636311647&_rdoc=11&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=90&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=38fb3a7edace710fd475f3a01a9f5fd8 Detailed description of simulation design for ionization and signal readout in SSD]<br />
<br />
[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4FKY7FT-1&_user=1967573&_coverDate=04%2F01%2F2005&_alid=627076008&_rdoc=23&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=79&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=a8a9aac50928fdb047ba2133e9c04b00 Historical background of development of Silicon detectors]<br />
<br />
[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-41F5X25-9&_user=1967573&_coverDate=10%2F11%2F2000&_alid=627077088&_rdoc=26&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=93&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=513a697b1624ddaf8b5619e004dd3123 Short summary of many detector designs]<br />
<br />
[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-46MC9SG-7&_user=1967573&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1995&_alid=627078546&_rdoc=7&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=171&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=a86eaec2a3c0ddf31483c56258ed48b8 Description of testing using diode laser] - Useful for studying angle of incidence of laser in tests<br />
<br />
[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FCC6-TH&_user=1967573&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1993&_alid=627080328&_rdoc=38&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=77&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=e37879eab740fc952d8a182cb99f97f1 OPAL detector described] - heavy in readout electronics and algorithms <br />
<br />
[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FC4B-PP&_user=1967573&_coverDate=07%2F15%2F1988&_alid=627081491&_rdoc=22&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=87&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=4e664556fa71769632bd598dbbfa2215 Study of depth and spread of depletion layer using infrared laser light.] <br />
<br />
*'''Micromegas Detectors'''<br />
**<br />
<br />
== SVT for CLAS12 - Drawing and Such ==<br />
<br />
[http://clasweb.jlab.org/instrumentation/SVT/CD2/PDF/ACD/060%20sensor%20cross-section%20represetation.pdf Cross Section Drawing of SVT chip]<br />
<br />
== Requirements for Testing == <br />
<br />
* Laser with wavelength &lambda;~1100 nm to match the band gap energy of silicon. <br />
* The mechanical system should be able to drive a laser system over a box of approximately 1m long and 15cm wide, weighing approximately 1kg. This is what we saw in the JLab electronic room.<br />
* Positioning of the laser in the x-direction much better than 150&micro;m.<br />
** Motor with high accuracy is needed.<br />
* Laser spot on the surface better than 50 &micro;m.<br />
** Very high precision motor can be used to keep fiber close to the surface.<br />
** Also can use an optical lense to focus laser beam onto the surface.<br />
* Pulse length of the laser much less than 132 nsec to match the clock rate of the SVX4 chip (if we want the charge measurement to be meaningful during the test).<br />
* If the efficiency needs to be measured we need to make sure that the laser is not fired when the pulse is be close to the end of the gate, possibly by synchronizing the laser pulser and the SVX4 clock.<br />
<br />
== Pulsed Laser for Testing ==<br />
<br />
:The main principle of the LASER test is the [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FC4B-PP&_user=859303&_coverDate=07%2F15%2F1988&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&view=c&_acct=C000046323&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=859303&md5=876b43e6aafe73c6f4ead07e2cdeece4&ref=full injection of charge into silicon using an infrared LASER]. <br />
<br />
=== Test setup at Fermi Lab ===<br />
* [http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=10174848 Pulsed LASER for testing silicon strip detectors], which was used for similar purposes at Fermi Lab. <br />
** This DO Note describes a pulsed LASER setup for testing silicon strip detectors at the Silicon Detector Facility (SiDet) of Fermilab supporting the related projects and, in particular, the DO Silicon Tracker Upgrade. It will be used in the measurements of the efficiency of individual strips and their coupling. The LASER wavelength is 1060 nm, at which the absorption length in silicon is about 2 mm. The LASER setup is capable of producing light pulses with rise time of less than 1 ns, allowing the measurement of charge pulse shaping at individual strips and their capacitive couplings. Due to the high power output of the LASER, safety considerations are included. Also discussed are precautions for the safety of the LASER itself, and how to limit the light to an area smaller than 50,pm of diameter.<br />
<br />
=== Test setup for PHENIX ===<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-46MC9SG-7&_user=859303&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1995&_alid=602137605&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_orig_alid=602137605&_cdi=5314&_st=13&_docanchor=&view=c&_subId=927762&_ct=1&_acct=C000046323&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=859303&md5=878893d1a983687b2d985de069d470b7 NIM article describing the laser test setup for PHENIX.] There is also a [http://p25ext.lanl.gov/phenix/mvd/notes/1995/PHENIX-MVD-95-1/laser.html web page describing the PHENIX test setup.] The total cost of the LASER and optics was ~$5000.<br />
<br />
=== CLAS12 Options === <br />
<br />
* Use [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] mainframe with [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 106C optical module]. This is probably most expensive option. <br />
** The [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] can also be found as [http://www.valuetronics.com/Details.aspx?ProdID=9964 a second hand product for cheaper price than the original price ]. But the most of the [http://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/images/d/df/BNC_price_list.pdf price of the setup] comes from the price of [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 106C optical module].<br />
* Use [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] mainframe with [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 085 or 065 optical modules]. The wavelength of these lasers is shorter, which yields shorter absorbtion length for silicon, leading to concentration of the charge near the surface. <br />
* Use [http://www.us-lasers.com/d670nm5.htm a 670nm wavelength laser diode] together with [http://www.ichaus.de/product.php?prod=iC-NZ an integrated circuit laser driver] described in [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf the note by Amrit's group]. This diode also provides maximum of 670nm wavelength for the laser light. <br />
** Although [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf the note] states that a laser diode with longer than 670nm wavelength could not be found, there is [http://www.us-lasers.com/n980nm5m.htm a web page describing such a laser diode with 980nm wavelength]. At this point it is not clear if this diode is actually available in practice and for what price.<br />
* A laser system [http://www.picoquant.com/getfs.htm?products/ldh/ldhseries.htm FSL 500] from a company called <b>PicoQuant</b> based in Germany. This can be used with their laser diode LDH-S-C-1060 which provides light at 1060nm. According to their web site it can be coupled with a singlemode fiber, but the small diameter of the fiber of 10 um is not standart for them, we may end up having to find someone else to couple a fibre for us. The FSL-500 mainframe itself would cost us $13000, while the laser head is $11000, which is kind of steep for a diode. At this point it is otn clear what advantages this diode has over othe cheaper laser diodes (see below).<br />
* [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=80&cat=14 A laser diode QFLD-1060-10S from QPhotonics at 1060nm wavelength at typical power of 10mW], which costs about $300, is another option. This company is currently located in Virginia, moving to Michigan. The diode can be driven by an [http://www.avtechpulse.com/laser/avo-9e/ AVO-9E-B Avtech laser diode driver], which would satisfy our requirements and costs about $10,000. The power statibility within 12 hours of operation is RMS~1%. The lifetime for QFLD-1060-10S is 10000 hrs, after which the power may be reduced by ~20%. There are other diodes available as well: <br />
** [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=309&cat=14 QFBGLD-1060-30PM diode at 1060nm] would provide typical power of 30mW in 10000 hours, costs $1,690.00 .<br />
** [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=101&cat=14 QFBGLD-1080-2 diode at 1080 nm] provides typical power of 2mW for 50000 hours, costs $990.00.<br />
<br />
== Rail and Support System ==<br />
<br />
* The rail and support system will be based on three moving stages: one to scan across the silicon chip (x-stage), the other to focus the laser (z-stage), and the third one to move the laser to scan the chip at a different position. <br />
* Amrit's group had a prototype which included x and z statges, plus some railings designed to move them. This will serve as the starting point for the UNH design. The motor for x-motion was Zaber Technlogies T-LLS275 (or [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=KT-LLS260 equivalent model]), and the motor for z-motion was [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=NA11B60 Zaber NA11B60].<br />
* One alternative is to use T-LLS275 (or [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=KT-LLS260 equivalent model])as the y-stage, but get a new and smaller motor for x-motion since 25 cm range provided by T-LLS275 is probably too big anyway. The range and the precision of other Zaber motors might be better matched for scanning the wafer across than the relatively large T-LLS275.<br />
* Another good option is to order all three axis assembled from a single company [http://www.velmex.com/ Velmex, Inc]. The only problem I encountered with them is that they would like to build the assembly using the same type of slides without mixing different slide families, which may not be a problem but an inconvenience. Aparently the mixing drives the cost up because of various mecahnical adapters needed to match parts from different families. This option would be really nice and it would cost about $8000.<br />
<br />
== Very Brief Notes from the Wednesday Bi-weekly Tracking Meetings ==<br />
* [[ Tracking Meeting on 18 July 2007 ]]<br />
* Tracking Meeting on 01 August 2007 <br />
* [[ Tracking Meeting on 15 August 2007 ]]<br />
<br />
== Available Hardware == <br />
=== Our own ===<br />
* [http://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/images/4/4f/Dell.pdf Dell Workstation 9200 for the SVT Test] with a monitor.<br />
* [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=101&cat=14 QPhotonics Laser diode QFBGLD-1080-2 diode] at &Lambda;=1080 nm and maximum power 5mW coupled to a single mode fiber (see [[:Image:QFBGLD-1080-2.gif | the spec-sheet for this diode]]).<br />
<br />
=== From Jefferson Lab ===</div>Srn5https://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/index.php?title=SVT_Project&diff=2911SVT Project2007-10-23T14:58:10Z<p>Srn5: /* Related Papers */</p>
<hr />
<div>= The UNH Silicon Vertex Tracker Project =<br />
<br />
The UNH Nuclear Physics group will be building a test facility for the Silicon Vertex Tracker (SVT) for CLAS12. The current plan is for the SVT to be build up of 4 concentric layers. Each layer will provide x and y information from two silicon strip detectors, each detector with a different "pitch" for the strips. A scattered particle will thus go through 8 layers of silicon plus the support backing and the detector will provide 4 x,y,z points to compute a track.<br />
<br />
Previous work performed at Jlab:<br />
* '''Status: 2006'''<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-010.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-010] SVT R&D Progress Report.<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-013.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-013] Simulation of the SVX4 ASICs' Performance<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-014.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-014] Specifications for the Hall B Silicon Vertex Tracker's Prototype Module<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-021.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-021] Two Possible Configurations of the Silicon Vertex Tracker<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-024.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-024] Dead Time Due to the Frequency of Reset and Restore Operations of the SVX4 ASICs<br />
* '''Status: 2007'''<br />
** [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf Laser Test Stand Report FY 07].<br />
<br />
A completing solution for tracking in the inner detector is the ''''micromegas detector'''', see: [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2007-004.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2007-004]<br />
<br />
== Related Papers ==<br />
*'''Silicon Vertex Detectors'''<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4D0Y6DP-1&_user=1967573&_coverDate=11%2F11%2F2004&_alid=636311647&_rdoc=11&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=90&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=38fb3a7edace710fd475f3a01a9f5fd8 Detailed description of simulation design for ionization and signal readout in SSD]<br />
* [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4FKY7FT-1&_user=1967573&_coverDate=04%2F01%2F2005&_alid=627076008&_rdoc=23&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=79&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=a8a9aac50928fdb047ba2133e9c04b00 Historical background of development of Silicon detectors]<br />
*<br />
[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-41F5X25-9&_user=1967573&_coverDate=10%2F11%2F2000&_alid=627077088&_rdoc=26&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=93&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=513a697b1624ddaf8b5619e004dd3123 Short summary of many detector designs]<br />
*<br />
[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-46MC9SG-7&_user=1967573&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1995&_alid=627078546&_rdoc=7&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=171&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=a86eaec2a3c0ddf31483c56258ed48b8 Description of testing using diode laser] - Useful for studying angle of incidence of laser in tests<br />
*<br />
[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FCC6-TH&_user=1967573&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1993&_alid=627080328&_rdoc=38&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=77&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=e37879eab740fc952d8a182cb99f97f1 OPAL detector described] - heavy in readout electronics and algorithms <br />
<br />
*<br />
[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FC4B-PP&_user=1967573&_coverDate=07%2F15%2F1988&_alid=627081491&_rdoc=22&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=87&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=4e664556fa71769632bd598dbbfa2215 Study of depth and spread of depletion layer using infrared laser light.] <br />
<br />
*'''Micromegas Detectors'''<br />
**<br />
<br />
== SVT for CLAS12 - Drawing and Such ==<br />
<br />
[http://clasweb.jlab.org/instrumentation/SVT/CD2/PDF/ACD/060%20sensor%20cross-section%20represetation.pdf Cross Section Drawing of SVT chip]<br />
<br />
== Requirements for Testing == <br />
<br />
* Laser with wavelength &lambda;~1100 nm to match the band gap energy of silicon. <br />
* The mechanical system should be able to drive a laser system over a box of approximately 1m long and 15cm wide, weighing approximately 1kg. This is what we saw in the JLab electronic room.<br />
* Positioning of the laser in the x-direction much better than 150&micro;m.<br />
** Motor with high accuracy is needed.<br />
* Laser spot on the surface better than 50 &micro;m.<br />
** Very high precision motor can be used to keep fiber close to the surface.<br />
** Also can use an optical lense to focus laser beam onto the surface.<br />
* Pulse length of the laser much less than 132 nsec to match the clock rate of the SVX4 chip (if we want the charge measurement to be meaningful during the test).<br />
* If the efficiency needs to be measured we need to make sure that the laser is not fired when the pulse is be close to the end of the gate, possibly by synchronizing the laser pulser and the SVX4 clock.<br />
<br />
== Pulsed Laser for Testing ==<br />
<br />
:The main principle of the LASER test is the [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FC4B-PP&_user=859303&_coverDate=07%2F15%2F1988&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&view=c&_acct=C000046323&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=859303&md5=876b43e6aafe73c6f4ead07e2cdeece4&ref=full injection of charge into silicon using an infrared LASER]. <br />
<br />
=== Test setup at Fermi Lab ===<br />
* [http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=10174848 Pulsed LASER for testing silicon strip detectors], which was used for similar purposes at Fermi Lab. <br />
** This DO Note describes a pulsed LASER setup for testing silicon strip detectors at the Silicon Detector Facility (SiDet) of Fermilab supporting the related projects and, in particular, the DO Silicon Tracker Upgrade. It will be used in the measurements of the efficiency of individual strips and their coupling. The LASER wavelength is 1060 nm, at which the absorption length in silicon is about 2 mm. The LASER setup is capable of producing light pulses with rise time of less than 1 ns, allowing the measurement of charge pulse shaping at individual strips and their capacitive couplings. Due to the high power output of the LASER, safety considerations are included. Also discussed are precautions for the safety of the LASER itself, and how to limit the light to an area smaller than 50,pm of diameter.<br />
<br />
=== Test setup for PHENIX ===<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-46MC9SG-7&_user=859303&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1995&_alid=602137605&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_orig_alid=602137605&_cdi=5314&_st=13&_docanchor=&view=c&_subId=927762&_ct=1&_acct=C000046323&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=859303&md5=878893d1a983687b2d985de069d470b7 NIM article describing the laser test setup for PHENIX.] There is also a [http://p25ext.lanl.gov/phenix/mvd/notes/1995/PHENIX-MVD-95-1/laser.html web page describing the PHENIX test setup.] The total cost of the LASER and optics was ~$5000.<br />
<br />
=== CLAS12 Options === <br />
<br />
* Use [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] mainframe with [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 106C optical module]. This is probably most expensive option. <br />
** The [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] can also be found as [http://www.valuetronics.com/Details.aspx?ProdID=9964 a second hand product for cheaper price than the original price ]. But the most of the [http://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/images/d/df/BNC_price_list.pdf price of the setup] comes from the price of [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 106C optical module].<br />
* Use [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] mainframe with [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 085 or 065 optical modules]. The wavelength of these lasers is shorter, which yields shorter absorbtion length for silicon, leading to concentration of the charge near the surface. <br />
* Use [http://www.us-lasers.com/d670nm5.htm a 670nm wavelength laser diode] together with [http://www.ichaus.de/product.php?prod=iC-NZ an integrated circuit laser driver] described in [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf the note by Amrit's group]. This diode also provides maximum of 670nm wavelength for the laser light. <br />
** Although [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf the note] states that a laser diode with longer than 670nm wavelength could not be found, there is [http://www.us-lasers.com/n980nm5m.htm a web page describing such a laser diode with 980nm wavelength]. At this point it is not clear if this diode is actually available in practice and for what price.<br />
* A laser system [http://www.picoquant.com/getfs.htm?products/ldh/ldhseries.htm FSL 500] from a company called <b>PicoQuant</b> based in Germany. This can be used with their laser diode LDH-S-C-1060 which provides light at 1060nm. According to their web site it can be coupled with a singlemode fiber, but the small diameter of the fiber of 10 um is not standart for them, we may end up having to find someone else to couple a fibre for us. The FSL-500 mainframe itself would cost us $13000, while the laser head is $11000, which is kind of steep for a diode. At this point it is otn clear what advantages this diode has over othe cheaper laser diodes (see below).<br />
* [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=80&cat=14 A laser diode QFLD-1060-10S from QPhotonics at 1060nm wavelength at typical power of 10mW], which costs about $300, is another option. This company is currently located in Virginia, moving to Michigan. The diode can be driven by an [http://www.avtechpulse.com/laser/avo-9e/ AVO-9E-B Avtech laser diode driver], which would satisfy our requirements and costs about $10,000. The power statibility within 12 hours of operation is RMS~1%. The lifetime for QFLD-1060-10S is 10000 hrs, after which the power may be reduced by ~20%. There are other diodes available as well: <br />
** [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=309&cat=14 QFBGLD-1060-30PM diode at 1060nm] would provide typical power of 30mW in 10000 hours, costs $1,690.00 .<br />
** [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=101&cat=14 QFBGLD-1080-2 diode at 1080 nm] provides typical power of 2mW for 50000 hours, costs $990.00.<br />
<br />
== Rail and Support System ==<br />
<br />
* The rail and support system will be based on three moving stages: one to scan across the silicon chip (x-stage), the other to focus the laser (z-stage), and the third one to move the laser to scan the chip at a different position. <br />
* Amrit's group had a prototype which included x and z statges, plus some railings designed to move them. This will serve as the starting point for the UNH design. The motor for x-motion was Zaber Technlogies T-LLS275 (or [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=KT-LLS260 equivalent model]), and the motor for z-motion was [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=NA11B60 Zaber NA11B60].<br />
* One alternative is to use T-LLS275 (or [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=KT-LLS260 equivalent model])as the y-stage, but get a new and smaller motor for x-motion since 25 cm range provided by T-LLS275 is probably too big anyway. The range and the precision of other Zaber motors might be better matched for scanning the wafer across than the relatively large T-LLS275.<br />
* Another good option is to order all three axis assembled from a single company [http://www.velmex.com/ Velmex, Inc]. The only problem I encountered with them is that they would like to build the assembly using the same type of slides without mixing different slide families, which may not be a problem but an inconvenience. Aparently the mixing drives the cost up because of various mecahnical adapters needed to match parts from different families. This option would be really nice and it would cost about $8000.<br />
<br />
== Very Brief Notes from the Wednesday Bi-weekly Tracking Meetings ==<br />
* [[ Tracking Meeting on 18 July 2007 ]]<br />
* Tracking Meeting on 01 August 2007 <br />
* [[ Tracking Meeting on 15 August 2007 ]]<br />
<br />
== Available Hardware == <br />
=== Our own ===<br />
* [http://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/images/4/4f/Dell.pdf Dell Workstation 9200 for the SVT Test] with a monitor.<br />
* [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=101&cat=14 QPhotonics Laser diode QFBGLD-1080-2 diode] at &Lambda;=1080 nm and maximum power 5mW coupled to a single mode fiber (see [[:Image:QFBGLD-1080-2.gif | the spec-sheet for this diode]]).<br />
<br />
=== From Jefferson Lab ===</div>Srn5https://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/index.php?title=SVT_Project&diff=2910SVT Project2007-10-23T14:56:39Z<p>Srn5: /* Related Papers */</p>
<hr />
<div>= The UNH Silicon Vertex Tracker Project =<br />
<br />
The UNH Nuclear Physics group will be building a test facility for the Silicon Vertex Tracker (SVT) for CLAS12. The current plan is for the SVT to be build up of 4 concentric layers. Each layer will provide x and y information from two silicon strip detectors, each detector with a different "pitch" for the strips. A scattered particle will thus go through 8 layers of silicon plus the support backing and the detector will provide 4 x,y,z points to compute a track.<br />
<br />
Previous work performed at Jlab:<br />
* '''Status: 2006'''<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-010.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-010] SVT R&D Progress Report.<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-013.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-013] Simulation of the SVX4 ASICs' Performance<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-014.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-014] Specifications for the Hall B Silicon Vertex Tracker's Prototype Module<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-021.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-021] Two Possible Configurations of the Silicon Vertex Tracker<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-024.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-024] Dead Time Due to the Frequency of Reset and Restore Operations of the SVX4 ASICs<br />
* '''Status: 2007'''<br />
** [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf Laser Test Stand Report FY 07].<br />
<br />
A completing solution for tracking in the inner detector is the ''''micromegas detector'''', see: [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2007-004.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2007-004]<br />
<br />
== Related Papers ==<br />
*'''Silicon Vertex Detectors'''<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4D0Y6DP-1&_user=1967573&_coverDate=11%2F11%2F2004&_alid=636311647&_rdoc=11&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=90&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=38fb3a7edace710fd475f3a01a9f5fd8 Detailed description of simulation design for ionization and signal readout in SSD]<br />
* [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4FKY7FT-1&_user=1967573&_coverDate=04%2F01%2F2005&_alid=627076008&_rdoc=23&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=79&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=a8a9aac50928fdb047ba2133e9c04b00 Historical background of development of Silicon detectors]<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-41F5X25-9&_user=1967573&_coverDate=10%2F11%2F2000&_alid=627077088&_rdoc=26&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=93&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=513a697b1624ddaf8b5619e004dd3123 Short summary of many detector designs]<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-46MC9SG-7&_user=1967573&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1995&_alid=627078546&_rdoc=7&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=171&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=a86eaec2a3c0ddf31483c56258ed48b8 Description of testing using diode laser] - Useful for studying angle of incidence of laser in tests<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FCC6-TH&_user=1967573&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1993&_alid=627080328&_rdoc=38&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=77&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=e37879eab740fc952d8a182cb99f97f1 OPAL detector described] - heavy in readout electronics and algorithms <br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FC4B-PP&_user=1967573&_coverDate=07%2F15%2F1988&_alid=627081491&_rdoc=22&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=87&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=4e664556fa71769632bd598dbbfa2215 Study of depth and spread of depletion layer using infrared laser light.] <br />
<br />
*'''Micromegas Detectors'''<br />
**<br />
<br />
== SVT for CLAS12 - Drawing and Such ==<br />
<br />
[http://clasweb.jlab.org/instrumentation/SVT/CD2/PDF/ACD/060%20sensor%20cross-section%20represetation.pdf Cross Section Drawing of SVT chip]<br />
<br />
== Requirements for Testing == <br />
<br />
* Laser with wavelength &lambda;~1100 nm to match the band gap energy of silicon. <br />
* The mechanical system should be able to drive a laser system over a box of approximately 1m long and 15cm wide, weighing approximately 1kg. This is what we saw in the JLab electronic room.<br />
* Positioning of the laser in the x-direction much better than 150&micro;m.<br />
** Motor with high accuracy is needed.<br />
* Laser spot on the surface better than 50 &micro;m.<br />
** Very high precision motor can be used to keep fiber close to the surface.<br />
** Also can use an optical lense to focus laser beam onto the surface.<br />
* Pulse length of the laser much less than 132 nsec to match the clock rate of the SVX4 chip (if we want the charge measurement to be meaningful during the test).<br />
* If the efficiency needs to be measured we need to make sure that the laser is not fired when the pulse is be close to the end of the gate, possibly by synchronizing the laser pulser and the SVX4 clock.<br />
<br />
== Pulsed Laser for Testing ==<br />
<br />
:The main principle of the LASER test is the [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FC4B-PP&_user=859303&_coverDate=07%2F15%2F1988&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&view=c&_acct=C000046323&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=859303&md5=876b43e6aafe73c6f4ead07e2cdeece4&ref=full injection of charge into silicon using an infrared LASER]. <br />
<br />
=== Test setup at Fermi Lab ===<br />
* [http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=10174848 Pulsed LASER for testing silicon strip detectors], which was used for similar purposes at Fermi Lab. <br />
** This DO Note describes a pulsed LASER setup for testing silicon strip detectors at the Silicon Detector Facility (SiDet) of Fermilab supporting the related projects and, in particular, the DO Silicon Tracker Upgrade. It will be used in the measurements of the efficiency of individual strips and their coupling. The LASER wavelength is 1060 nm, at which the absorption length in silicon is about 2 mm. The LASER setup is capable of producing light pulses with rise time of less than 1 ns, allowing the measurement of charge pulse shaping at individual strips and their capacitive couplings. Due to the high power output of the LASER, safety considerations are included. Also discussed are precautions for the safety of the LASER itself, and how to limit the light to an area smaller than 50,pm of diameter.<br />
<br />
=== Test setup for PHENIX ===<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-46MC9SG-7&_user=859303&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1995&_alid=602137605&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_orig_alid=602137605&_cdi=5314&_st=13&_docanchor=&view=c&_subId=927762&_ct=1&_acct=C000046323&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=859303&md5=878893d1a983687b2d985de069d470b7 NIM article describing the laser test setup for PHENIX.] There is also a [http://p25ext.lanl.gov/phenix/mvd/notes/1995/PHENIX-MVD-95-1/laser.html web page describing the PHENIX test setup.] The total cost of the LASER and optics was ~$5000.<br />
<br />
=== CLAS12 Options === <br />
<br />
* Use [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] mainframe with [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 106C optical module]. This is probably most expensive option. <br />
** The [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] can also be found as [http://www.valuetronics.com/Details.aspx?ProdID=9964 a second hand product for cheaper price than the original price ]. But the most of the [http://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/images/d/df/BNC_price_list.pdf price of the setup] comes from the price of [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 106C optical module].<br />
* Use [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] mainframe with [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 085 or 065 optical modules]. The wavelength of these lasers is shorter, which yields shorter absorbtion length for silicon, leading to concentration of the charge near the surface. <br />
* Use [http://www.us-lasers.com/d670nm5.htm a 670nm wavelength laser diode] together with [http://www.ichaus.de/product.php?prod=iC-NZ an integrated circuit laser driver] described in [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf the note by Amrit's group]. This diode also provides maximum of 670nm wavelength for the laser light. <br />
** Although [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf the note] states that a laser diode with longer than 670nm wavelength could not be found, there is [http://www.us-lasers.com/n980nm5m.htm a web page describing such a laser diode with 980nm wavelength]. At this point it is not clear if this diode is actually available in practice and for what price.<br />
* A laser system [http://www.picoquant.com/getfs.htm?products/ldh/ldhseries.htm FSL 500] from a company called <b>PicoQuant</b> based in Germany. This can be used with their laser diode LDH-S-C-1060 which provides light at 1060nm. According to their web site it can be coupled with a singlemode fiber, but the small diameter of the fiber of 10 um is not standart for them, we may end up having to find someone else to couple a fibre for us. The FSL-500 mainframe itself would cost us $13000, while the laser head is $11000, which is kind of steep for a diode. At this point it is otn clear what advantages this diode has over othe cheaper laser diodes (see below).<br />
* [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=80&cat=14 A laser diode QFLD-1060-10S from QPhotonics at 1060nm wavelength at typical power of 10mW], which costs about $300, is another option. This company is currently located in Virginia, moving to Michigan. The diode can be driven by an [http://www.avtechpulse.com/laser/avo-9e/ AVO-9E-B Avtech laser diode driver], which would satisfy our requirements and costs about $10,000. The power statibility within 12 hours of operation is RMS~1%. The lifetime for QFLD-1060-10S is 10000 hrs, after which the power may be reduced by ~20%. There are other diodes available as well: <br />
** [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=309&cat=14 QFBGLD-1060-30PM diode at 1060nm] would provide typical power of 30mW in 10000 hours, costs $1,690.00 .<br />
** [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=101&cat=14 QFBGLD-1080-2 diode at 1080 nm] provides typical power of 2mW for 50000 hours, costs $990.00.<br />
<br />
== Rail and Support System ==<br />
<br />
* The rail and support system will be based on three moving stages: one to scan across the silicon chip (x-stage), the other to focus the laser (z-stage), and the third one to move the laser to scan the chip at a different position. <br />
* Amrit's group had a prototype which included x and z statges, plus some railings designed to move them. This will serve as the starting point for the UNH design. The motor for x-motion was Zaber Technlogies T-LLS275 (or [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=KT-LLS260 equivalent model]), and the motor for z-motion was [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=NA11B60 Zaber NA11B60].<br />
* One alternative is to use T-LLS275 (or [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=KT-LLS260 equivalent model])as the y-stage, but get a new and smaller motor for x-motion since 25 cm range provided by T-LLS275 is probably too big anyway. The range and the precision of other Zaber motors might be better matched for scanning the wafer across than the relatively large T-LLS275.<br />
* Another good option is to order all three axis assembled from a single company [http://www.velmex.com/ Velmex, Inc]. The only problem I encountered with them is that they would like to build the assembly using the same type of slides without mixing different slide families, which may not be a problem but an inconvenience. Aparently the mixing drives the cost up because of various mecahnical adapters needed to match parts from different families. This option would be really nice and it would cost about $8000.<br />
<br />
== Very Brief Notes from the Wednesday Bi-weekly Tracking Meetings ==<br />
* [[ Tracking Meeting on 18 July 2007 ]]<br />
* Tracking Meeting on 01 August 2007 <br />
* [[ Tracking Meeting on 15 August 2007 ]]<br />
<br />
== Available Hardware == <br />
=== Our own ===<br />
* [http://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/images/4/4f/Dell.pdf Dell Workstation 9200 for the SVT Test] with a monitor.<br />
* [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=101&cat=14 QPhotonics Laser diode QFBGLD-1080-2 diode] at &Lambda;=1080 nm and maximum power 5mW coupled to a single mode fiber (see [[:Image:QFBGLD-1080-2.gif | the spec-sheet for this diode]]).<br />
<br />
=== From Jefferson Lab ===</div>Srn5https://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/index.php?title=SVT_Project&diff=2909SVT Project2007-10-23T14:53:37Z<p>Srn5: /* Related Papers */</p>
<hr />
<div>= The UNH Silicon Vertex Tracker Project =<br />
<br />
The UNH Nuclear Physics group will be building a test facility for the Silicon Vertex Tracker (SVT) for CLAS12. The current plan is for the SVT to be build up of 4 concentric layers. Each layer will provide x and y information from two silicon strip detectors, each detector with a different "pitch" for the strips. A scattered particle will thus go through 8 layers of silicon plus the support backing and the detector will provide 4 x,y,z points to compute a track.<br />
<br />
Previous work performed at Jlab:<br />
* '''Status: 2006'''<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-010.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-010] SVT R&D Progress Report.<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-013.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-013] Simulation of the SVX4 ASICs' Performance<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-014.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-014] Specifications for the Hall B Silicon Vertex Tracker's Prototype Module<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-021.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-021] Two Possible Configurations of the Silicon Vertex Tracker<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-024.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-024] Dead Time Due to the Frequency of Reset and Restore Operations of the SVX4 ASICs<br />
* '''Status: 2007'''<br />
** [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf Laser Test Stand Report FY 07].<br />
<br />
A completing solution for tracking in the inner detector is the ''''micromegas detector'''', see: [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2007-004.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2007-004]<br />
<br />
== Related Papers ==<br />
*'''Silicon Vertex Detectors'''<br />
*<br />
[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4D0Y6DP-1&_user=1967573&_coverDate=11%2F11%2F2004&_alid=636311647&_rdoc=11&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=90&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=38fb3a7edace710fd475f3a01a9f5fd8 Detailed description of simulation design for ionization and signal readout in SSD]<br />
* [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4FKY7FT-1&_user=1967573&_coverDate=04%2F01%2F2005&_alid=627076008&_rdoc=23&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=79&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=a8a9aac50928fdb047ba2133e9c04b00 Historical background of development of Silicon detectors]<br />
* [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-41F5X25-9&_user=1967573&_coverDate=10%2F11%2F2000&_alid=627077088&_rdoc=26&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=93&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=513a697b1624ddaf8b5619e004dd3123 Short summary of many detector designs]<br />
* [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-46MC9SG-7&_user=1967573&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1995&_alid=627078546&_rdoc=7&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=171&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=a86eaec2a3c0ddf31483c56258ed48b8 Description of testing using diode laser] - Useful for studying angle of incidence of laser in tests<br />
* [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FCC6-TH&_user=1967573&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1993&_alid=627080328&_rdoc=38&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=77&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=e37879eab740fc952d8a182cb99f97f1 OPAL detector described] - heavy in readout electronics and algorithms <br />
* [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FC4B-PP&_user=1967573&_coverDate=07%2F15%2F1988&_alid=627081491&_rdoc=22&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=87&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=4e664556fa71769632bd598dbbfa2215 Study of depth and spread of depletion layer using infrared laser light.] <br />
<br />
*'''Micromegas Detectors'''<br />
**<br />
<br />
== SVT for CLAS12 - Drawing and Such ==<br />
<br />
[http://clasweb.jlab.org/instrumentation/SVT/CD2/PDF/ACD/060%20sensor%20cross-section%20represetation.pdf Cross Section Drawing of SVT chip]<br />
<br />
== Requirements for Testing == <br />
<br />
* Laser with wavelength &lambda;~1100 nm to match the band gap energy of silicon. <br />
* The mechanical system should be able to drive a laser system over a box of approximately 1m long and 15cm wide, weighing approximately 1kg. This is what we saw in the JLab electronic room.<br />
* Positioning of the laser in the x-direction much better than 150&micro;m.<br />
** Motor with high accuracy is needed.<br />
* Laser spot on the surface better than 50 &micro;m.<br />
** Very high precision motor can be used to keep fiber close to the surface.<br />
** Also can use an optical lense to focus laser beam onto the surface.<br />
* Pulse length of the laser much less than 132 nsec to match the clock rate of the SVX4 chip (if we want the charge measurement to be meaningful during the test).<br />
* If the efficiency needs to be measured we need to make sure that the laser is not fired when the pulse is be close to the end of the gate, possibly by synchronizing the laser pulser and the SVX4 clock.<br />
<br />
== Pulsed Laser for Testing ==<br />
<br />
:The main principle of the LASER test is the [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FC4B-PP&_user=859303&_coverDate=07%2F15%2F1988&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&view=c&_acct=C000046323&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=859303&md5=876b43e6aafe73c6f4ead07e2cdeece4&ref=full injection of charge into silicon using an infrared LASER]. <br />
<br />
=== Test setup at Fermi Lab ===<br />
* [http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=10174848 Pulsed LASER for testing silicon strip detectors], which was used for similar purposes at Fermi Lab. <br />
** This DO Note describes a pulsed LASER setup for testing silicon strip detectors at the Silicon Detector Facility (SiDet) of Fermilab supporting the related projects and, in particular, the DO Silicon Tracker Upgrade. It will be used in the measurements of the efficiency of individual strips and their coupling. The LASER wavelength is 1060 nm, at which the absorption length in silicon is about 2 mm. The LASER setup is capable of producing light pulses with rise time of less than 1 ns, allowing the measurement of charge pulse shaping at individual strips and their capacitive couplings. Due to the high power output of the LASER, safety considerations are included. Also discussed are precautions for the safety of the LASER itself, and how to limit the light to an area smaller than 50,pm of diameter.<br />
<br />
=== Test setup for PHENIX ===<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-46MC9SG-7&_user=859303&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1995&_alid=602137605&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_orig_alid=602137605&_cdi=5314&_st=13&_docanchor=&view=c&_subId=927762&_ct=1&_acct=C000046323&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=859303&md5=878893d1a983687b2d985de069d470b7 NIM article describing the laser test setup for PHENIX.] There is also a [http://p25ext.lanl.gov/phenix/mvd/notes/1995/PHENIX-MVD-95-1/laser.html web page describing the PHENIX test setup.] The total cost of the LASER and optics was ~$5000.<br />
<br />
=== CLAS12 Options === <br />
<br />
* Use [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] mainframe with [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 106C optical module]. This is probably most expensive option. <br />
** The [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] can also be found as [http://www.valuetronics.com/Details.aspx?ProdID=9964 a second hand product for cheaper price than the original price ]. But the most of the [http://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/images/d/df/BNC_price_list.pdf price of the setup] comes from the price of [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 106C optical module].<br />
* Use [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] mainframe with [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 085 or 065 optical modules]. The wavelength of these lasers is shorter, which yields shorter absorbtion length for silicon, leading to concentration of the charge near the surface. <br />
* Use [http://www.us-lasers.com/d670nm5.htm a 670nm wavelength laser diode] together with [http://www.ichaus.de/product.php?prod=iC-NZ an integrated circuit laser driver] described in [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf the note by Amrit's group]. This diode also provides maximum of 670nm wavelength for the laser light. <br />
** Although [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf the note] states that a laser diode with longer than 670nm wavelength could not be found, there is [http://www.us-lasers.com/n980nm5m.htm a web page describing such a laser diode with 980nm wavelength]. At this point it is not clear if this diode is actually available in practice and for what price.<br />
* A laser system [http://www.picoquant.com/getfs.htm?products/ldh/ldhseries.htm FSL 500] from a company called <b>PicoQuant</b> based in Germany. This can be used with their laser diode LDH-S-C-1060 which provides light at 1060nm. According to their web site it can be coupled with a singlemode fiber, but the small diameter of the fiber of 10 um is not standart for them, we may end up having to find someone else to couple a fibre for us. The FSL-500 mainframe itself would cost us $13000, while the laser head is $11000, which is kind of steep for a diode. At this point it is otn clear what advantages this diode has over othe cheaper laser diodes (see below).<br />
* [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=80&cat=14 A laser diode QFLD-1060-10S from QPhotonics at 1060nm wavelength at typical power of 10mW], which costs about $300, is another option. This company is currently located in Virginia, moving to Michigan. The diode can be driven by an [http://www.avtechpulse.com/laser/avo-9e/ AVO-9E-B Avtech laser diode driver], which would satisfy our requirements and costs about $10,000. The power statibility within 12 hours of operation is RMS~1%. The lifetime for QFLD-1060-10S is 10000 hrs, after which the power may be reduced by ~20%. There are other diodes available as well: <br />
** [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=309&cat=14 QFBGLD-1060-30PM diode at 1060nm] would provide typical power of 30mW in 10000 hours, costs $1,690.00 .<br />
** [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=101&cat=14 QFBGLD-1080-2 diode at 1080 nm] provides typical power of 2mW for 50000 hours, costs $990.00.<br />
<br />
== Rail and Support System ==<br />
<br />
* The rail and support system will be based on three moving stages: one to scan across the silicon chip (x-stage), the other to focus the laser (z-stage), and the third one to move the laser to scan the chip at a different position. <br />
* Amrit's group had a prototype which included x and z statges, plus some railings designed to move them. This will serve as the starting point for the UNH design. The motor for x-motion was Zaber Technlogies T-LLS275 (or [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=KT-LLS260 equivalent model]), and the motor for z-motion was [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=NA11B60 Zaber NA11B60].<br />
* One alternative is to use T-LLS275 (or [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=KT-LLS260 equivalent model])as the y-stage, but get a new and smaller motor for x-motion since 25 cm range provided by T-LLS275 is probably too big anyway. The range and the precision of other Zaber motors might be better matched for scanning the wafer across than the relatively large T-LLS275.<br />
* Another good option is to order all three axis assembled from a single company [http://www.velmex.com/ Velmex, Inc]. The only problem I encountered with them is that they would like to build the assembly using the same type of slides without mixing different slide families, which may not be a problem but an inconvenience. Aparently the mixing drives the cost up because of various mecahnical adapters needed to match parts from different families. This option would be really nice and it would cost about $8000.<br />
<br />
== Very Brief Notes from the Wednesday Bi-weekly Tracking Meetings ==<br />
* [[ Tracking Meeting on 18 July 2007 ]]<br />
* Tracking Meeting on 01 August 2007 <br />
* [[ Tracking Meeting on 15 August 2007 ]]<br />
<br />
== Available Hardware == <br />
=== Our own ===<br />
* [http://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/images/4/4f/Dell.pdf Dell Workstation 9200 for the SVT Test] with a monitor.<br />
* [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=101&cat=14 QPhotonics Laser diode QFBGLD-1080-2 diode] at &Lambda;=1080 nm and maximum power 5mW coupled to a single mode fiber (see [[:Image:QFBGLD-1080-2.gif | the spec-sheet for this diode]]).<br />
<br />
=== From Jefferson Lab ===</div>Srn5https://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/index.php?title=SVT_Project&diff=2908SVT Project2007-10-23T14:49:39Z<p>Srn5: /* Related Papers */</p>
<hr />
<div>= The UNH Silicon Vertex Tracker Project =<br />
<br />
The UNH Nuclear Physics group will be building a test facility for the Silicon Vertex Tracker (SVT) for CLAS12. The current plan is for the SVT to be build up of 4 concentric layers. Each layer will provide x and y information from two silicon strip detectors, each detector with a different "pitch" for the strips. A scattered particle will thus go through 8 layers of silicon plus the support backing and the detector will provide 4 x,y,z points to compute a track.<br />
<br />
Previous work performed at Jlab:<br />
* '''Status: 2006'''<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-010.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-010] SVT R&D Progress Report.<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-013.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-013] Simulation of the SVX4 ASICs' Performance<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-014.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-014] Specifications for the Hall B Silicon Vertex Tracker's Prototype Module<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-021.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-021] Two Possible Configurations of the Silicon Vertex Tracker<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-024.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-024] Dead Time Due to the Frequency of Reset and Restore Operations of the SVX4 ASICs<br />
* '''Status: 2007'''<br />
** [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf Laser Test Stand Report FY 07].<br />
<br />
A completing solution for tracking in the inner detector is the ''''micromegas detector'''', see: [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2007-004.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2007-004]<br />
<br />
== Related Papers ==<br />
*'''Silicon Vertex Detectors'''<br />
* [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4FKY7FT-1&_user=1967573&_coverDate=04%2F01%2F2005&_alid=627076008&_rdoc=23&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=79&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=a8a9aac50928fdb047ba2133e9c04b00 Historical background of development of Silicon detectors]<br />
* [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-41F5X25-9&_user=1967573&_coverDate=10%2F11%2F2000&_alid=627077088&_rdoc=26&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=93&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=513a697b1624ddaf8b5619e004dd3123 Short summary of many detector designs]<br />
* [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-46MC9SG-7&_user=1967573&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1995&_alid=627078546&_rdoc=7&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=171&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=a86eaec2a3c0ddf31483c56258ed48b8 Description of testing using diode laser]<br />
*Useful for studying angle of incidence of laser in tests<br />
* [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FCC6-TH&_user=1967573&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1993&_alid=627080328&_rdoc=38&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=77&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=e37879eab740fc952d8a182cb99f97f1 OPAL detector described] - heavy in readout electronics and algorithms <br />
* [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FC4B-PP&_user=1967573&_coverDate=07%2F15%2F1988&_alid=627081491&_rdoc=22&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=87&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=4e664556fa71769632bd598dbbfa2215 Study of depth and spread of depletion layer using infrared laser light.] <br />
<br />
*'''Micromegas Detectors'''<br />
**<br />
<br />
== SVT for CLAS12 - Drawing and Such ==<br />
<br />
[http://clasweb.jlab.org/instrumentation/SVT/CD2/PDF/ACD/060%20sensor%20cross-section%20represetation.pdf Cross Section Drawing of SVT chip]<br />
<br />
== Requirements for Testing == <br />
<br />
* Laser with wavelength &lambda;~1100 nm to match the band gap energy of silicon. <br />
* The mechanical system should be able to drive a laser system over a box of approximately 1m long and 15cm wide, weighing approximately 1kg. This is what we saw in the JLab electronic room.<br />
* Positioning of the laser in the x-direction much better than 150&micro;m.<br />
** Motor with high accuracy is needed.<br />
* Laser spot on the surface better than 50 &micro;m.<br />
** Very high precision motor can be used to keep fiber close to the surface.<br />
** Also can use an optical lense to focus laser beam onto the surface.<br />
* Pulse length of the laser much less than 132 nsec to match the clock rate of the SVX4 chip (if we want the charge measurement to be meaningful during the test).<br />
* If the efficiency needs to be measured we need to make sure that the laser is not fired when the pulse is be close to the end of the gate, possibly by synchronizing the laser pulser and the SVX4 clock.<br />
<br />
== Pulsed Laser for Testing ==<br />
<br />
:The main principle of the LASER test is the [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FC4B-PP&_user=859303&_coverDate=07%2F15%2F1988&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&view=c&_acct=C000046323&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=859303&md5=876b43e6aafe73c6f4ead07e2cdeece4&ref=full injection of charge into silicon using an infrared LASER]. <br />
<br />
=== Test setup at Fermi Lab ===<br />
* [http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=10174848 Pulsed LASER for testing silicon strip detectors], which was used for similar purposes at Fermi Lab. <br />
** This DO Note describes a pulsed LASER setup for testing silicon strip detectors at the Silicon Detector Facility (SiDet) of Fermilab supporting the related projects and, in particular, the DO Silicon Tracker Upgrade. It will be used in the measurements of the efficiency of individual strips and their coupling. The LASER wavelength is 1060 nm, at which the absorption length in silicon is about 2 mm. The LASER setup is capable of producing light pulses with rise time of less than 1 ns, allowing the measurement of charge pulse shaping at individual strips and their capacitive couplings. Due to the high power output of the LASER, safety considerations are included. Also discussed are precautions for the safety of the LASER itself, and how to limit the light to an area smaller than 50,pm of diameter.<br />
<br />
=== Test setup for PHENIX ===<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-46MC9SG-7&_user=859303&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1995&_alid=602137605&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_orig_alid=602137605&_cdi=5314&_st=13&_docanchor=&view=c&_subId=927762&_ct=1&_acct=C000046323&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=859303&md5=878893d1a983687b2d985de069d470b7 NIM article describing the laser test setup for PHENIX.] There is also a [http://p25ext.lanl.gov/phenix/mvd/notes/1995/PHENIX-MVD-95-1/laser.html web page describing the PHENIX test setup.] The total cost of the LASER and optics was ~$5000.<br />
<br />
=== CLAS12 Options === <br />
<br />
* Use [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] mainframe with [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 106C optical module]. This is probably most expensive option. <br />
** The [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] can also be found as [http://www.valuetronics.com/Details.aspx?ProdID=9964 a second hand product for cheaper price than the original price ]. But the most of the [http://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/images/d/df/BNC_price_list.pdf price of the setup] comes from the price of [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 106C optical module].<br />
* Use [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] mainframe with [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 085 or 065 optical modules]. The wavelength of these lasers is shorter, which yields shorter absorbtion length for silicon, leading to concentration of the charge near the surface. <br />
* Use [http://www.us-lasers.com/d670nm5.htm a 670nm wavelength laser diode] together with [http://www.ichaus.de/product.php?prod=iC-NZ an integrated circuit laser driver] described in [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf the note by Amrit's group]. This diode also provides maximum of 670nm wavelength for the laser light. <br />
** Although [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf the note] states that a laser diode with longer than 670nm wavelength could not be found, there is [http://www.us-lasers.com/n980nm5m.htm a web page describing such a laser diode with 980nm wavelength]. At this point it is not clear if this diode is actually available in practice and for what price.<br />
* A laser system [http://www.picoquant.com/getfs.htm?products/ldh/ldhseries.htm FSL 500] from a company called <b>PicoQuant</b> based in Germany. This can be used with their laser diode LDH-S-C-1060 which provides light at 1060nm. According to their web site it can be coupled with a singlemode fiber, but the small diameter of the fiber of 10 um is not standart for them, we may end up having to find someone else to couple a fibre for us. The FSL-500 mainframe itself would cost us $13000, while the laser head is $11000, which is kind of steep for a diode. At this point it is otn clear what advantages this diode has over othe cheaper laser diodes (see below).<br />
* [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=80&cat=14 A laser diode QFLD-1060-10S from QPhotonics at 1060nm wavelength at typical power of 10mW], which costs about $300, is another option. This company is currently located in Virginia, moving to Michigan. The diode can be driven by an [http://www.avtechpulse.com/laser/avo-9e/ AVO-9E-B Avtech laser diode driver], which would satisfy our requirements and costs about $10,000. The power statibility within 12 hours of operation is RMS~1%. The lifetime for QFLD-1060-10S is 10000 hrs, after which the power may be reduced by ~20%. There are other diodes available as well: <br />
** [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=309&cat=14 QFBGLD-1060-30PM diode at 1060nm] would provide typical power of 30mW in 10000 hours, costs $1,690.00 .<br />
** [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=101&cat=14 QFBGLD-1080-2 diode at 1080 nm] provides typical power of 2mW for 50000 hours, costs $990.00.<br />
<br />
== Rail and Support System ==<br />
<br />
* The rail and support system will be based on three moving stages: one to scan across the silicon chip (x-stage), the other to focus the laser (z-stage), and the third one to move the laser to scan the chip at a different position. <br />
* Amrit's group had a prototype which included x and z statges, plus some railings designed to move them. This will serve as the starting point for the UNH design. The motor for x-motion was Zaber Technlogies T-LLS275 (or [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=KT-LLS260 equivalent model]), and the motor for z-motion was [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=NA11B60 Zaber NA11B60].<br />
* One alternative is to use T-LLS275 (or [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=KT-LLS260 equivalent model])as the y-stage, but get a new and smaller motor for x-motion since 25 cm range provided by T-LLS275 is probably too big anyway. The range and the precision of other Zaber motors might be better matched for scanning the wafer across than the relatively large T-LLS275.<br />
* Another good option is to order all three axis assembled from a single company [http://www.velmex.com/ Velmex, Inc]. The only problem I encountered with them is that they would like to build the assembly using the same type of slides without mixing different slide families, which may not be a problem but an inconvenience. Aparently the mixing drives the cost up because of various mecahnical adapters needed to match parts from different families. This option would be really nice and it would cost about $8000.<br />
<br />
== Very Brief Notes from the Wednesday Bi-weekly Tracking Meetings ==<br />
* [[ Tracking Meeting on 18 July 2007 ]]<br />
* Tracking Meeting on 01 August 2007 <br />
* [[ Tracking Meeting on 15 August 2007 ]]<br />
<br />
== Available Hardware == <br />
=== Our own ===<br />
* [http://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/images/4/4f/Dell.pdf Dell Workstation 9200 for the SVT Test] with a monitor.<br />
* [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=101&cat=14 QPhotonics Laser diode QFBGLD-1080-2 diode] at &Lambda;=1080 nm and maximum power 5mW coupled to a single mode fiber (see [[:Image:QFBGLD-1080-2.gif | the spec-sheet for this diode]]).<br />
<br />
=== From Jefferson Lab ===</div>Srn5https://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/index.php?title=SVT_Project&diff=2762SVT Project2007-10-03T12:51:12Z<p>Srn5: </p>
<hr />
<div>= The UNH Silicon Vertex Tracker Project =<br />
<br />
The UNH Nuclear Physics group will be building a test facility for the Silicon Vertex Tracker (SVT) for CLAS12. The current plan is for the SVT to be build up of 4 concentric layers. Each layer will provide x and y information from two silicon strip detectors, each detector with a different "pitch" for the strips. A scattered particle will thus go through 8 layers of silicon plus the support backing and the detector will provide 4 x,y,z points to compute a track.<br />
<br />
Previous work performed at Jlab:<br />
* '''Status: 2006'''<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-010.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-010] SVT R&D Progress Report.<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-013.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-013] Simulation of the SVX4 ASICs' Performance<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-014.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-014] Specifications for the Hall B Silicon Vertex Tracker's Prototype Module<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-021.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-021] Two Possible Configurations of the Silicon Vertex Tracker<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-024.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-024] Dead Time Due to the Frequency of Reset and Restore Operations of the SVX4 ASICs<br />
* '''Status: 2007'''<br />
** [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf Laser Test Stand Report FY 07].<br />
<br />
A completing solution for tracking in the inner detector is the ''''micromegas detector'''', see: [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2007-004.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2007-004]<br />
<br />
== Related Papers ==<br />
*'''Silicon Vertex Detectors'''<br />
* [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4FKY7FT-1&_user=1967573&_coverDate=04%2F01%2F2005&_alid=627076008&_rdoc=23&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=79&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=a8a9aac50928fdb047ba2133e9c04b00 Historical background of development of Silicon detectors]<br />
* [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-41F5X25-9&_user=1967573&_coverDate=10%2F11%2F2000&_alid=627077088&_rdoc=26&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=93&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=513a697b1624ddaf8b5619e004dd3123 Short summary of many detector designs]<br />
* [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-46MC9SG-7&_user=1967573&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1995&_alid=627078546&_rdoc=7&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=171&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=a86eaec2a3c0ddf31483c56258ed48b8 Description of testing using diode laser]<br />
*Useful for studying angle of incidence of laser in tests<br />
* [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FCC6-TH&_user=1967573&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1993&_alid=627080328&_rdoc=38&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=77&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=e37879eab740fc952d8a182cb99f97f1 OPAL detector described - heavy in readout electronics and algorithms<br />
Note : A Science Direct Account is needed]<br />
* [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FC4B-PP&_user=1967573&_coverDate=07%2F15%2F1988&_alid=627081491&_rdoc=22&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=87&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=4e664556fa71769632bd598dbbfa2215 Study of depth and spread of depletion layer using infrared laser light<br />
Note : A Science Direct Account is needed]<br />
<br />
*'''Micromegas Detectors'''<br />
**<br />
<br />
<br />
== SVT for CLAS12 - Drawing and Such ==<br />
<br />
[http://clasweb.jlab.org/instrumentation/SVT/CD2/PDF/ACD/060%20sensor%20cross-section%20represetation.pdf Cross Section Drawing of SVT chip]<br />
<br />
== Requirements for Testing == <br />
<br />
* Laser with wavelength &lambda;~1100 nm to match the band gap energy of silicon. <br />
* The mechanical system should be able to drive a laser system over a box of approximately 1m long and 15cm wide, weighing approximately 1kg. This is what we saw in the JLab electronic room.<br />
* Positioning of the laser in the x-direction much better than 150&micro;m.<br />
** Motor with high accuracy is needed.<br />
* Laser spot on the surface better than 50 &micro;m.<br />
** Very high precision motor can be used to keep fiber close to the surface.<br />
** Also can use an optical lense to focus laser beam onto the surface.<br />
* Pulse length of the laser much less than 132 nsec to match the clock rate of the SVX4 chip (if we want the charge measurement to be meaningful during the test).<br />
* If the efficiency needs to be measured we need to make sure that the laser is not fired when the pulse is be close to the end of the gate, possibly by synchronizing the laser pulser and the SVX4 clock.<br />
<br />
== Pulsed Laser for Testing ==<br />
<br />
:The main principle of the LASER test is the [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FC4B-PP&_user=859303&_coverDate=07%2F15%2F1988&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&view=c&_acct=C000046323&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=859303&md5=876b43e6aafe73c6f4ead07e2cdeece4&ref=full injection of charge into silicon using an infrared LASER]. <br />
<br />
=== Test setup at Fermi Lab ===<br />
* [http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=10174848 Pulsed LASER for testing silicon strip detectors], which was used for similar purposes at Fermi Lab. <br />
** This DO Note describes a pulsed LASER setup for testing silicon strip detectors at the Silicon Detector Facility (SiDet) of Fermilab supporting the related projects and, in particular, the DO Silicon Tracker Upgrade. It will be used in the measurements of the efficiency of individual strips and their coupling. The LASER wavelength is 1060 nm, at which the absorption length in silicon is about 2 mm. The LASER setup is capable of producing light pulses with rise time of less than 1 ns, allowing the measurement of charge pulse shaping at individual strips and their capacitive couplings. Due to the high power output of the LASER, safety considerations are included. Also discussed are precautions for the safety of the LASER itself, and how to limit the light to an area smaller than 50,pm of diameter.<br />
<br />
=== Test setup for PHENIX ===<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-46MC9SG-7&_user=859303&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1995&_alid=602137605&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_orig_alid=602137605&_cdi=5314&_st=13&_docanchor=&view=c&_subId=927762&_ct=1&_acct=C000046323&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=859303&md5=878893d1a983687b2d985de069d470b7 NIM article describing the laser test setup for PHENIX.] There is also a [http://p25ext.lanl.gov/phenix/mvd/notes/1995/PHENIX-MVD-95-1/laser.html web page describing the PHENIX test setup.] The total cost of the LASER and optics was ~$5000.<br />
<br />
=== CLAS12 Options === <br />
<br />
* Use [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] mainframe with [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 106C optical module]. This is probably most expensive option. <br />
** The [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] can also be found as [http://www.valuetronics.com/Details.aspx?ProdID=9964 a second hand product for cheaper price than the original price ]. But the most of the [http://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/images/d/df/BNC_price_list.pdf price of the setup] comes from the price of [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 106C optical module].<br />
* Use [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] mainframe with [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 085 or 065 optical modules]. The wavelength of these lasers is shorter, which yields shorter absorbtion length for silicon, leading to concentration of the charge near the surface. <br />
* Use [http://www.us-lasers.com/d670nm5.htm a 670nm wavelength laser diode] together with [http://www.ichaus.de/product.php?prod=iC-NZ an integrated circuit laser driver] described in [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf the note by Amrit's group]. This diode also provides maximum of 670nm wavelength for the laser light. <br />
** Although [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf the note] states that a laser diode with longer than 670nm wavelength could not be found, there is [http://www.us-lasers.com/n980nm5m.htm a web page describing such a laser diode with 980nm wavelength]. At this point it is not clear if this diode is actually available in practice and for what price.<br />
* A laser system [http://www.picoquant.com/getfs.htm?products/ldh/ldhseries.htm FSL 500] from a company called <b>PicoQuant</b> based in Germany. This can be used with their laser diode LDH-S-C-1060 which provides light at 1060nm. According to their web site it can be coupled with a singlemode fiber, but the small diameter of the fiber of 10 um is not standart for them, we may end up having to find someone else to couple a fibre for us. The FSL-500 mainframe itself would cost us $13000, while the laser head is $11000, which is kind of steep for a diode. At this point it is otn clear what advantages this diode has over othe cheaper laser diodes (see below).<br />
* [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=80&cat=14 A laser diode QFLD-1060-10S from QPhotonics at 1060nm wavelength at typical power of 10mW], which costs about $300, is another option. This company is currently located in Virginia, moving to Michigan. The diode can be driven by an [http://www.avtechpulse.com/laser/avo-9e/ AVO-9E-B Avtech laser diode driver], which would satisfy our requirements and costs about $10,000. The power statibility within 12 hours of operation is RMS~1%. The lifetime for QFLD-1060-10S is 10000 hrs, after which the power may be reduced by ~20%. There are other diodes available as well: <br />
** [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=309&cat=14 QFBGLD-1060-30PM diode at 1060nm] would provide typical power of 30mW in 10000 hours, costs $1,690.00 .<br />
** [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=101&cat=14 QFBGLD-1080-2 diode at 1080 nm] provides typical power of 2mW for 50000 hours, costs $990.00.<br />
<br />
== Rail and Support System ==<br />
<br />
* The rail and support system will be based on three moving stages: one to scan across the silicon chip (x-stage), the other to focus the laser (z-stage), and the third one to move the laser to scan the chip at a different position. <br />
* Amrit's group had a prototype which included x and z statges, plus some railings designed to move them. This will serve as the starting point for the UNH design. The motor for x-motion was Zaber Technlogies T-LLS275 (or [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=KT-LLS260 equivalent model]), and the motor for z-motion was [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=NA11B60 Zaber NA11B60].<br />
* One alternative is to use T-LLS275 (or [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=KT-LLS260 equivalent model])as the y-stage, but get a new and smaller motor for x-motion since 25 cm range provided by T-LLS275 is probably too big anyway. The range and the precision of other Zaber motors might be better matched for scanning the wafer across than the relatively large T-LLS275.<br />
* Another good option is to order all three axis assembled from a single company [http://www.velmex.com/ Velmex, Inc]. The only problem I encountered with them is that they would like to build the assembly using the same type of slides without mixing different slide families, which may not be a problem but an inconvenience. Aparently the mixing drives the cost up because of various mecahnical adapters needed to match parts from different families. This option would be really nice and it would cost about $8000.<br />
<br />
== Very Brief Notes from the Wednesday Bi-weekly Tracking Meetings ==<br />
* [[ Tracking Meeting on 18 July 2007 ]]<br />
* Tracking Meeting on 01 August 2007 <br />
* [[ Tracking Meeting on 15 August 2007 ]]<br />
<br />
== Available Hardware == <br />
=== Our own ===<br />
* [http://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/images/4/4f/Dell.pdf Dell Workstation 9200 for the SVT Test]<br />
<br />
=== From Jefferson Lab ===</div>Srn5https://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/index.php?title=SVT_Project&diff=2761SVT Project2007-10-03T12:47:21Z<p>Srn5: </p>
<hr />
<div>= The UNH Silicon Vertex Tracker Project =<br />
<br />
The UNH Nuclear Physics group will be building a test facility for the Silicon Vertex Tracker (SVT) for CLAS12. The current plan is for the SVT to be build up of 4 concentric layers. Each layer will provide x and y information from two silicon strip detectors, each detector with a different "pitch" for the strips. A scattered particle will thus go through 8 layers of silicon plus the support backing and the detector will provide 4 x,y,z points to compute a track.<br />
<br />
Previous work performed at Jlab:<br />
* '''Status: 2006'''<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-010.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-010] SVT R&D Progress Report.<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-013.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-013] Simulation of the SVX4 ASICs' Performance<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-014.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-014] Specifications for the Hall B Silicon Vertex Tracker's Prototype Module<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-021.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-021] Two Possible Configurations of the Silicon Vertex Tracker<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-024.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-024] Dead Time Due to the Frequency of Reset and Restore Operations of the SVX4 ASICs<br />
* '''Status: 2007'''<br />
** [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf Laser Test Stand Report FY 07].<br />
<br />
A completing solution for tracking in the inner detector is the ''''micromegas detector'''', see: [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2007-004.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2007-004]<br />
<br />
== Related Papers ==<br />
*'''Silicon Vertex Detectors'''<br />
*[[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4FKY7FT-1&_user=1967573&_coverDate=04%2F01%2F2005&_alid=627076008&_rdoc=23&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=79&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=a8a9aac50928fdb047ba2133e9c04b00|Historical background of development of Silicon detectors]]<br />
*[[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-41F5X25-9&_user=1967573&_coverDate=10%2F11%2F2000&_alid=627077088&_rdoc=26&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=93&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=513a697b1624ddaf8b5619e004dd3123|Short summary of many detector designs]]<br />
*[[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-46MC9SG-7&_user=1967573&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1995&_alid=627078546&_rdoc=7&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=171&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=a86eaec2a3c0ddf31483c56258ed48b8|Description of testing using diode laser]]<br />
**Useful for studying angle of incidence of laser in tests<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FCC6-TH&_user=1967573&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1993&_alid=627080328&_rdoc=38&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=77&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=e37879eab740fc952d8a182cb99f97f1|OPAL detector described - heavy in readout electronics and algorithms<br />
Note : A Science Direct Account is needed]]<br />
*[[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FC4B-PP&_user=1967573&_coverDate=07%2F15%2F1988&_alid=627081491&_rdoc=22&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=87&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=4e664556fa71769632bd598dbbfa2215|Study of depth and spread of depletion layer using infrared laser light<br />
Note : A Science Direct Account is needed]]<br />
<br />
*'''Micromegas Detectors'''<br />
**<br />
<br />
<br />
== SVT for CLAS12 - Drawing and Such ==<br />
<br />
[http://clasweb.jlab.org/instrumentation/SVT/CD2/PDF/ACD/060%20sensor%20cross-section%20represetation.pdf Cross Section Drawing of SVT chip]<br />
<br />
== Requirements for Testing == <br />
<br />
* Laser with wavelength &lambda;~1100 nm to match the band gap energy of silicon. <br />
* The mechanical system should be able to drive a laser system over a box of approximately 1m long and 15cm wide, weighing approximately 1kg. This is what we saw in the JLab electronic room.<br />
* Positioning of the laser in the x-direction much better than 150&micro;m.<br />
** Motor with high accuracy is needed.<br />
* Laser spot on the surface better than 50 &micro;m.<br />
** Very high precision motor can be used to keep fiber close to the surface.<br />
** Also can use an optical lense to focus laser beam onto the surface.<br />
* Pulse length of the laser much less than 132 nsec to match the clock rate of the SVX4 chip (if we want the charge measurement to be meaningful during the test).<br />
* If the efficiency needs to be measured we need to make sure that the laser is not fired when the pulse is be close to the end of the gate, possibly by synchronizing the laser pulser and the SVX4 clock.<br />
<br />
== Pulsed Laser for Testing ==<br />
<br />
:The main principle of the LASER test is the [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FC4B-PP&_user=859303&_coverDate=07%2F15%2F1988&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&view=c&_acct=C000046323&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=859303&md5=876b43e6aafe73c6f4ead07e2cdeece4&ref=full injection of charge into silicon using an infrared LASER]. <br />
<br />
=== Test setup at Fermi Lab ===<br />
* [http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=10174848 Pulsed LASER for testing silicon strip detectors], which was used for similar purposes at Fermi Lab. <br />
** This DO Note describes a pulsed LASER setup for testing silicon strip detectors at the Silicon Detector Facility (SiDet) of Fermilab supporting the related projects and, in particular, the DO Silicon Tracker Upgrade. It will be used in the measurements of the efficiency of individual strips and their coupling. The LASER wavelength is 1060 nm, at which the absorption length in silicon is about 2 mm. The LASER setup is capable of producing light pulses with rise time of less than 1 ns, allowing the measurement of charge pulse shaping at individual strips and their capacitive couplings. Due to the high power output of the LASER, safety considerations are included. Also discussed are precautions for the safety of the LASER itself, and how to limit the light to an area smaller than 50,pm of diameter.<br />
<br />
=== Test setup for PHENIX ===<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-46MC9SG-7&_user=859303&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1995&_alid=602137605&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_orig_alid=602137605&_cdi=5314&_st=13&_docanchor=&view=c&_subId=927762&_ct=1&_acct=C000046323&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=859303&md5=878893d1a983687b2d985de069d470b7 NIM article describing the laser test setup for PHENIX.] There is also a [http://p25ext.lanl.gov/phenix/mvd/notes/1995/PHENIX-MVD-95-1/laser.html web page describing the PHENIX test setup.] The total cost of the LASER and optics was ~$5000.<br />
<br />
=== CLAS12 Options === <br />
<br />
* Use [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] mainframe with [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 106C optical module]. This is probably most expensive option. <br />
** The [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] can also be found as [http://www.valuetronics.com/Details.aspx?ProdID=9964 a second hand product for cheaper price than the original price ]. But the most of the [http://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/images/d/df/BNC_price_list.pdf price of the setup] comes from the price of [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 106C optical module].<br />
* Use [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] mainframe with [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 085 or 065 optical modules]. The wavelength of these lasers is shorter, which yields shorter absorbtion length for silicon, leading to concentration of the charge near the surface. <br />
* Use [http://www.us-lasers.com/d670nm5.htm a 670nm wavelength laser diode] together with [http://www.ichaus.de/product.php?prod=iC-NZ an integrated circuit laser driver] described in [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf the note by Amrit's group]. This diode also provides maximum of 670nm wavelength for the laser light. <br />
** Although [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf the note] states that a laser diode with longer than 670nm wavelength could not be found, there is [http://www.us-lasers.com/n980nm5m.htm a web page describing such a laser diode with 980nm wavelength]. At this point it is not clear if this diode is actually available in practice and for what price.<br />
* A laser system [http://www.picoquant.com/getfs.htm?products/ldh/ldhseries.htm FSL 500] from a company called <b>PicoQuant</b> based in Germany. This can be used with their laser diode LDH-S-C-1060 which provides light at 1060nm. According to their web site it can be coupled with a singlemode fiber, but the small diameter of the fiber of 10 um is not standart for them, we may end up having to find someone else to couple a fibre for us. The FSL-500 mainframe itself would cost us $13000, while the laser head is $11000, which is kind of steep for a diode. At this point it is otn clear what advantages this diode has over othe cheaper laser diodes (see below).<br />
* [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=80&cat=14 A laser diode QFLD-1060-10S from QPhotonics at 1060nm wavelength at typical power of 10mW], which costs about $300, is another option. This company is currently located in Virginia, moving to Michigan. The diode can be driven by an [http://www.avtechpulse.com/laser/avo-9e/ AVO-9E-B Avtech laser diode driver], which would satisfy our requirements and costs about $10,000. The power statibility within 12 hours of operation is RMS~1%. The lifetime for QFLD-1060-10S is 10000 hrs, after which the power may be reduced by ~20%. There are other diodes available as well: <br />
** [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=309&cat=14 QFBGLD-1060-30PM diode at 1060nm] would provide typical power of 30mW in 10000 hours, costs $1,690.00 .<br />
** [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=101&cat=14 QFBGLD-1080-2 diode at 1080 nm] provides typical power of 2mW for 50000 hours, costs $990.00.<br />
<br />
== Rail and Support System ==<br />
<br />
* The rail and support system will be based on three moving stages: one to scan across the silicon chip (x-stage), the other to focus the laser (z-stage), and the third one to move the laser to scan the chip at a different position. <br />
* Amrit's group had a prototype which included x and z statges, plus some railings designed to move them. This will serve as the starting point for the UNH design. The motor for x-motion was Zaber Technlogies T-LLS275 (or [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=KT-LLS260 equivalent model]), and the motor for z-motion was [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=NA11B60 Zaber NA11B60].<br />
* One alternative is to use T-LLS275 (or [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=KT-LLS260 equivalent model])as the y-stage, but get a new and smaller motor for x-motion since 25 cm range provided by T-LLS275 is probably too big anyway. The range and the precision of other Zaber motors might be better matched for scanning the wafer across than the relatively large T-LLS275.<br />
* Another good option is to order all three axis assembled from a single company [http://www.velmex.com/ Velmex, Inc]. The only problem I encountered with them is that they would like to build the assembly using the same type of slides without mixing different slide families, which may not be a problem but an inconvenience. Aparently the mixing drives the cost up because of various mecahnical adapters needed to match parts from different families. This option would be really nice and it would cost about $8000.<br />
<br />
== Very Brief Notes from the Wednesday Bi-weekly Tracking Meetings ==<br />
* [[ Tracking Meeting on 18 July 2007 ]]<br />
* Tracking Meeting on 01 August 2007 <br />
* [[ Tracking Meeting on 15 August 2007 ]]<br />
<br />
== Available Hardware == <br />
=== Our own ===<br />
* [http://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/images/4/4f/Dell.pdf Dell Workstation 9200 for the SVT Test]<br />
<br />
=== From Jefferson Lab ===</div>Srn5https://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/index.php?title=SVT_Project&diff=2760SVT Project2007-10-03T12:46:32Z<p>Srn5: </p>
<hr />
<div>= The UNH Silicon Vertex Tracker Project =<br />
<br />
The UNH Nuclear Physics group will be building a test facility for the Silicon Vertex Tracker (SVT) for CLAS12. The current plan is for the SVT to be build up of 4 concentric layers. Each layer will provide x and y information from two silicon strip detectors, each detector with a different "pitch" for the strips. A scattered particle will thus go through 8 layers of silicon plus the support backing and the detector will provide 4 x,y,z points to compute a track.<br />
<br />
Previous work performed at Jlab:<br />
* '''Status: 2006'''<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-010.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-010] SVT R&D Progress Report.<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-013.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-013] Simulation of the SVX4 ASICs' Performance<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-014.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-014] Specifications for the Hall B Silicon Vertex Tracker's Prototype Module<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-021.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-021] Two Possible Configurations of the Silicon Vertex Tracker<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-024.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-024] Dead Time Due to the Frequency of Reset and Restore Operations of the SVX4 ASICs<br />
* '''Status: 2007'''<br />
** [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf Laser Test Stand Report FY 07].<br />
<br />
A completing solution for tracking in the inner detector is the ''''micromegas detector'''', see: [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2007-004.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2007-004]<br />
<br />
== Related Papers ==<br />
*'''Silicon Vertex Detectors'''<br />
*[[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4FKY7FT-1&_user=1967573&_coverDate=04%2F01%2F2005&_alid=627076008&_rdoc=23&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=79&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=a8a9aac50928fdb047ba2133e9c04b00|<br />
Historical background of development of Silicon detectors]]<br />
*[[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-41F5X25-9&_user=1967573&_coverDate=10%2F11%2F2000&_alid=627077088&_rdoc=26&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=93&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=513a697b1624ddaf8b5619e004dd3123|<br />
Short summary of many detector designs]]<br />
*[[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-46MC9SG-7&_user=1967573&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1995&_alid=627078546&_rdoc=7&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=171&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=a86eaec2a3c0ddf31483c56258ed48b8|<br />
Description of testing using diode laser]]<br />
**Useful for studying angle of incidence of laser in tests<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FCC6-TH&_user=1967573&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1993&_alid=627080328&_rdoc=38&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=77&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=e37879eab740fc952d8a182cb99f97f1|<br />
OPAL detector described - heavy in readout electronics and algorithms<br />
Note : A Science Direct Account is needed]]<br />
*[[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FC4B-PP&_user=1967573&_coverDate=07%2F15%2F1988&_alid=627081491&_rdoc=22&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=87&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=4e664556fa71769632bd598dbbfa2215|<br />
Study of depth and spread of depletion layer using infrared laser light<br />
Note : A Science Direct Account is needed]]<br />
<br />
*'''Micromegas Detectors'''<br />
**<br />
<br />
<br />
== SVT for CLAS12 - Drawing and Such ==<br />
<br />
[http://clasweb.jlab.org/instrumentation/SVT/CD2/PDF/ACD/060%20sensor%20cross-section%20represetation.pdf Cross Section Drawing of SVT chip]<br />
<br />
== Requirements for Testing == <br />
<br />
* Laser with wavelength &lambda;~1100 nm to match the band gap energy of silicon. <br />
* The mechanical system should be able to drive a laser system over a box of approximately 1m long and 15cm wide, weighing approximately 1kg. This is what we saw in the JLab electronic room.<br />
* Positioning of the laser in the x-direction much better than 150&micro;m.<br />
** Motor with high accuracy is needed.<br />
* Laser spot on the surface better than 50 &micro;m.<br />
** Very high precision motor can be used to keep fiber close to the surface.<br />
** Also can use an optical lense to focus laser beam onto the surface.<br />
* Pulse length of the laser much less than 132 nsec to match the clock rate of the SVX4 chip (if we want the charge measurement to be meaningful during the test).<br />
* If the efficiency needs to be measured we need to make sure that the laser is not fired when the pulse is be close to the end of the gate, possibly by synchronizing the laser pulser and the SVX4 clock.<br />
<br />
== Pulsed Laser for Testing ==<br />
<br />
:The main principle of the LASER test is the [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FC4B-PP&_user=859303&_coverDate=07%2F15%2F1988&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&view=c&_acct=C000046323&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=859303&md5=876b43e6aafe73c6f4ead07e2cdeece4&ref=full injection of charge into silicon using an infrared LASER]. <br />
<br />
=== Test setup at Fermi Lab ===<br />
* [http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=10174848 Pulsed LASER for testing silicon strip detectors], which was used for similar purposes at Fermi Lab. <br />
** This DO Note describes a pulsed LASER setup for testing silicon strip detectors at the Silicon Detector Facility (SiDet) of Fermilab supporting the related projects and, in particular, the DO Silicon Tracker Upgrade. It will be used in the measurements of the efficiency of individual strips and their coupling. The LASER wavelength is 1060 nm, at which the absorption length in silicon is about 2 mm. The LASER setup is capable of producing light pulses with rise time of less than 1 ns, allowing the measurement of charge pulse shaping at individual strips and their capacitive couplings. Due to the high power output of the LASER, safety considerations are included. Also discussed are precautions for the safety of the LASER itself, and how to limit the light to an area smaller than 50,pm of diameter.<br />
<br />
=== Test setup for PHENIX ===<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-46MC9SG-7&_user=859303&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1995&_alid=602137605&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_orig_alid=602137605&_cdi=5314&_st=13&_docanchor=&view=c&_subId=927762&_ct=1&_acct=C000046323&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=859303&md5=878893d1a983687b2d985de069d470b7 NIM article describing the laser test setup for PHENIX.] There is also a [http://p25ext.lanl.gov/phenix/mvd/notes/1995/PHENIX-MVD-95-1/laser.html web page describing the PHENIX test setup.] The total cost of the LASER and optics was ~$5000.<br />
<br />
=== CLAS12 Options === <br />
<br />
* Use [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] mainframe with [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 106C optical module]. This is probably most expensive option. <br />
** The [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] can also be found as [http://www.valuetronics.com/Details.aspx?ProdID=9964 a second hand product for cheaper price than the original price ]. But the most of the [http://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/images/d/df/BNC_price_list.pdf price of the setup] comes from the price of [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 106C optical module].<br />
* Use [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] mainframe with [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 085 or 065 optical modules]. The wavelength of these lasers is shorter, which yields shorter absorbtion length for silicon, leading to concentration of the charge near the surface. <br />
* Use [http://www.us-lasers.com/d670nm5.htm a 670nm wavelength laser diode] together with [http://www.ichaus.de/product.php?prod=iC-NZ an integrated circuit laser driver] described in [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf the note by Amrit's group]. This diode also provides maximum of 670nm wavelength for the laser light. <br />
** Although [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf the note] states that a laser diode with longer than 670nm wavelength could not be found, there is [http://www.us-lasers.com/n980nm5m.htm a web page describing such a laser diode with 980nm wavelength]. At this point it is not clear if this diode is actually available in practice and for what price.<br />
* A laser system [http://www.picoquant.com/getfs.htm?products/ldh/ldhseries.htm FSL 500] from a company called <b>PicoQuant</b> based in Germany. This can be used with their laser diode LDH-S-C-1060 which provides light at 1060nm. According to their web site it can be coupled with a singlemode fiber, but the small diameter of the fiber of 10 um is not standart for them, we may end up having to find someone else to couple a fibre for us. The FSL-500 mainframe itself would cost us $13000, while the laser head is $11000, which is kind of steep for a diode. At this point it is otn clear what advantages this diode has over othe cheaper laser diodes (see below).<br />
* [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=80&cat=14 A laser diode QFLD-1060-10S from QPhotonics at 1060nm wavelength at typical power of 10mW], which costs about $300, is another option. This company is currently located in Virginia, moving to Michigan. The diode can be driven by an [http://www.avtechpulse.com/laser/avo-9e/ AVO-9E-B Avtech laser diode driver], which would satisfy our requirements and costs about $10,000. The power statibility within 12 hours of operation is RMS~1%. The lifetime for QFLD-1060-10S is 10000 hrs, after which the power may be reduced by ~20%. There are other diodes available as well: <br />
** [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=309&cat=14 QFBGLD-1060-30PM diode at 1060nm] would provide typical power of 30mW in 10000 hours, costs $1,690.00 .<br />
** [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=101&cat=14 QFBGLD-1080-2 diode at 1080 nm] provides typical power of 2mW for 50000 hours, costs $990.00.<br />
<br />
== Rail and Support System ==<br />
<br />
* The rail and support system will be based on three moving stages: one to scan across the silicon chip (x-stage), the other to focus the laser (z-stage), and the third one to move the laser to scan the chip at a different position. <br />
* Amrit's group had a prototype which included x and z statges, plus some railings designed to move them. This will serve as the starting point for the UNH design. The motor for x-motion was Zaber Technlogies T-LLS275 (or [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=KT-LLS260 equivalent model]), and the motor for z-motion was [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=NA11B60 Zaber NA11B60].<br />
* One alternative is to use T-LLS275 (or [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=KT-LLS260 equivalent model])as the y-stage, but get a new and smaller motor for x-motion since 25 cm range provided by T-LLS275 is probably too big anyway. The range and the precision of other Zaber motors might be better matched for scanning the wafer across than the relatively large T-LLS275.<br />
* Another good option is to order all three axis assembled from a single company [http://www.velmex.com/ Velmex, Inc]. The only problem I encountered with them is that they would like to build the assembly using the same type of slides without mixing different slide families, which may not be a problem but an inconvenience. Aparently the mixing drives the cost up because of various mecahnical adapters needed to match parts from different families. This option would be really nice and it would cost about $8000.<br />
<br />
== Very Brief Notes from the Wednesday Bi-weekly Tracking Meetings ==<br />
* [[ Tracking Meeting on 18 July 2007 ]]<br />
* Tracking Meeting on 01 August 2007 <br />
* [[ Tracking Meeting on 15 August 2007 ]]<br />
<br />
== Available Hardware == <br />
=== Our own ===<br />
* [http://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/images/4/4f/Dell.pdf Dell Workstation 9200 for the SVT Test]<br />
<br />
=== From Jefferson Lab ===</div>Srn5https://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/index.php?title=SVT_Project&diff=2759SVT Project2007-10-03T12:45:01Z<p>Srn5: </p>
<hr />
<div>= The UNH Silicon Vertex Tracker Project =<br />
<br />
The UNH Nuclear Physics group will be building a test facility for the Silicon Vertex Tracker (SVT) for CLAS12. The current plan is for the SVT to be build up of 4 concentric layers. Each layer will provide x and y information from two silicon strip detectors, each detector with a different "pitch" for the strips. A scattered particle will thus go through 8 layers of silicon plus the support backing and the detector will provide 4 x,y,z points to compute a track.<br />
<br />
Previous work performed at Jlab:<br />
* '''Status: 2006'''<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-010.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-010] SVT R&D Progress Report.<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-013.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-013] Simulation of the SVX4 ASICs' Performance<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-014.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-014] Specifications for the Hall B Silicon Vertex Tracker's Prototype Module<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-021.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-021] Two Possible Configurations of the Silicon Vertex Tracker<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-024.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-024] Dead Time Due to the Frequency of Reset and Restore Operations of the SVX4 ASICs<br />
* '''Status: 2007'''<br />
** [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf Laser Test Stand Report FY 07].<br />
<br />
A completing solution for tracking in the inner detector is the ''''micromegas detector'''', see: [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2007-004.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2007-004]<br />
<br />
== Related Papers ==<br />
*'''Silicon Vertex Detectors'''<br />
*[[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4FKY7FT-1&_user=1967573&_coverDate=04%2F01%2F2005&_alid=627076008&_rdoc=23&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=79&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=a8a9aac50928fdb047ba2133e9c04b00|Historical background of development of Silicon detectors]]<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-41F5X25-9&_user=1967573&_coverDate=10%2F11%2F2000&_alid=627077088&_rdoc=26&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=93&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=513a697b1624ddaf8b5619e004dd3123]<br />
Short summary of many detector designs<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-46MC9SG-7&_user=1967573&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1995&_alid=627078546&_rdoc=7&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=171&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=a86eaec2a3c0ddf31483c56258ed48b8]<br />
Description of testing using diode laser<br />
Useful for studying angle of incidence of laser in tests<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FCC6-TH&_user=1967573&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1993&_alid=627080328&_rdoc=38&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=77&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=e37879eab740fc952d8a182cb99f97f1]<br />
OPAL detector described - heavy in readout electronics and algorithms<br />
Note : A Science Direct Account is needed<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FC4B-PP&_user=1967573&_coverDate=07%2F15%2F1988&_alid=627081491&_rdoc=22&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=87&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=4e664556fa71769632bd598dbbfa2215]<br />
Study of depth and spread of depletion layer using infrared laser light<br />
Note : A Science Direct Account is needed<br />
<br />
*'''Micromegas Detectors'''<br />
**<br />
<br />
<br />
== SVT for CLAS12 - Drawing and Such ==<br />
<br />
[http://clasweb.jlab.org/instrumentation/SVT/CD2/PDF/ACD/060%20sensor%20cross-section%20represetation.pdf Cross Section Drawing of SVT chip]<br />
<br />
== Requirements for Testing == <br />
<br />
* Laser with wavelength &lambda;~1100 nm to match the band gap energy of silicon. <br />
* The mechanical system should be able to drive a laser system over a box of approximately 1m long and 15cm wide, weighing approximately 1kg. This is what we saw in the JLab electronic room.<br />
* Positioning of the laser in the x-direction much better than 150&micro;m.<br />
** Motor with high accuracy is needed.<br />
* Laser spot on the surface better than 50 &micro;m.<br />
** Very high precision motor can be used to keep fiber close to the surface.<br />
** Also can use an optical lense to focus laser beam onto the surface.<br />
* Pulse length of the laser much less than 132 nsec to match the clock rate of the SVX4 chip (if we want the charge measurement to be meaningful during the test).<br />
* If the efficiency needs to be measured we need to make sure that the laser is not fired when the pulse is be close to the end of the gate, possibly by synchronizing the laser pulser and the SVX4 clock.<br />
<br />
== Pulsed Laser for Testing ==<br />
<br />
:The main principle of the LASER test is the [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FC4B-PP&_user=859303&_coverDate=07%2F15%2F1988&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&view=c&_acct=C000046323&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=859303&md5=876b43e6aafe73c6f4ead07e2cdeece4&ref=full injection of charge into silicon using an infrared LASER]. <br />
<br />
=== Test setup at Fermi Lab ===<br />
* [http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=10174848 Pulsed LASER for testing silicon strip detectors], which was used for similar purposes at Fermi Lab. <br />
** This DO Note describes a pulsed LASER setup for testing silicon strip detectors at the Silicon Detector Facility (SiDet) of Fermilab supporting the related projects and, in particular, the DO Silicon Tracker Upgrade. It will be used in the measurements of the efficiency of individual strips and their coupling. The LASER wavelength is 1060 nm, at which the absorption length in silicon is about 2 mm. The LASER setup is capable of producing light pulses with rise time of less than 1 ns, allowing the measurement of charge pulse shaping at individual strips and their capacitive couplings. Due to the high power output of the LASER, safety considerations are included. Also discussed are precautions for the safety of the LASER itself, and how to limit the light to an area smaller than 50,pm of diameter.<br />
<br />
=== Test setup for PHENIX ===<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-46MC9SG-7&_user=859303&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1995&_alid=602137605&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_orig_alid=602137605&_cdi=5314&_st=13&_docanchor=&view=c&_subId=927762&_ct=1&_acct=C000046323&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=859303&md5=878893d1a983687b2d985de069d470b7 NIM article describing the laser test setup for PHENIX.] There is also a [http://p25ext.lanl.gov/phenix/mvd/notes/1995/PHENIX-MVD-95-1/laser.html web page describing the PHENIX test setup.] The total cost of the LASER and optics was ~$5000.<br />
<br />
=== CLAS12 Options === <br />
<br />
* Use [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] mainframe with [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 106C optical module]. This is probably most expensive option. <br />
** The [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] can also be found as [http://www.valuetronics.com/Details.aspx?ProdID=9964 a second hand product for cheaper price than the original price ]. But the most of the [http://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/images/d/df/BNC_price_list.pdf price of the setup] comes from the price of [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 106C optical module].<br />
* Use [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] mainframe with [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 085 or 065 optical modules]. The wavelength of these lasers is shorter, which yields shorter absorbtion length for silicon, leading to concentration of the charge near the surface. <br />
* Use [http://www.us-lasers.com/d670nm5.htm a 670nm wavelength laser diode] together with [http://www.ichaus.de/product.php?prod=iC-NZ an integrated circuit laser driver] described in [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf the note by Amrit's group]. This diode also provides maximum of 670nm wavelength for the laser light. <br />
** Although [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf the note] states that a laser diode with longer than 670nm wavelength could not be found, there is [http://www.us-lasers.com/n980nm5m.htm a web page describing such a laser diode with 980nm wavelength]. At this point it is not clear if this diode is actually available in practice and for what price.<br />
* A laser system [http://www.picoquant.com/getfs.htm?products/ldh/ldhseries.htm FSL 500] from a company called <b>PicoQuant</b> based in Germany. This can be used with their laser diode LDH-S-C-1060 which provides light at 1060nm. According to their web site it can be coupled with a singlemode fiber, but the small diameter of the fiber of 10 um is not standart for them, we may end up having to find someone else to couple a fibre for us. The FSL-500 mainframe itself would cost us $13000, while the laser head is $11000, which is kind of steep for a diode. At this point it is otn clear what advantages this diode has over othe cheaper laser diodes (see below).<br />
* [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=80&cat=14 A laser diode QFLD-1060-10S from QPhotonics at 1060nm wavelength at typical power of 10mW], which costs about $300, is another option. This company is currently located in Virginia, moving to Michigan. The diode can be driven by an [http://www.avtechpulse.com/laser/avo-9e/ AVO-9E-B Avtech laser diode driver], which would satisfy our requirements and costs about $10,000. The power statibility within 12 hours of operation is RMS~1%. The lifetime for QFLD-1060-10S is 10000 hrs, after which the power may be reduced by ~20%. There are other diodes available as well: <br />
** [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=309&cat=14 QFBGLD-1060-30PM diode at 1060nm] would provide typical power of 30mW in 10000 hours, costs $1,690.00 .<br />
** [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=101&cat=14 QFBGLD-1080-2 diode at 1080 nm] provides typical power of 2mW for 50000 hours, costs $990.00.<br />
<br />
== Rail and Support System ==<br />
<br />
* The rail and support system will be based on three moving stages: one to scan across the silicon chip (x-stage), the other to focus the laser (z-stage), and the third one to move the laser to scan the chip at a different position. <br />
* Amrit's group had a prototype which included x and z statges, plus some railings designed to move them. This will serve as the starting point for the UNH design. The motor for x-motion was Zaber Technlogies T-LLS275 (or [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=KT-LLS260 equivalent model]), and the motor for z-motion was [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=NA11B60 Zaber NA11B60].<br />
* One alternative is to use T-LLS275 (or [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=KT-LLS260 equivalent model])as the y-stage, but get a new and smaller motor for x-motion since 25 cm range provided by T-LLS275 is probably too big anyway. The range and the precision of other Zaber motors might be better matched for scanning the wafer across than the relatively large T-LLS275.<br />
* Another good option is to order all three axis assembled from a single company [http://www.velmex.com/ Velmex, Inc]. The only problem I encountered with them is that they would like to build the assembly using the same type of slides without mixing different slide families, which may not be a problem but an inconvenience. Aparently the mixing drives the cost up because of various mecahnical adapters needed to match parts from different families. This option would be really nice and it would cost about $8000.<br />
<br />
== Very Brief Notes from the Wednesday Bi-weekly Tracking Meetings ==<br />
* [[ Tracking Meeting on 18 July 2007 ]]<br />
* Tracking Meeting on 01 August 2007 <br />
* [[ Tracking Meeting on 15 August 2007 ]]<br />
<br />
== Available Hardware == <br />
=== Our own ===<br />
* [http://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/images/4/4f/Dell.pdf Dell Workstation 9200 for the SVT Test]<br />
<br />
=== From Jefferson Lab ===</div>Srn5https://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/index.php?title=SVT_Project&diff=2757SVT Project2007-10-03T12:43:58Z<p>Srn5: </p>
<hr />
<div>= The UNH Silicon Vertex Tracker Project =<br />
<br />
The UNH Nuclear Physics group will be building a test facility for the Silicon Vertex Tracker (SVT) for CLAS12. The current plan is for the SVT to be build up of 4 concentric layers. Each layer will provide x and y information from two silicon strip detectors, each detector with a different "pitch" for the strips. A scattered particle will thus go through 8 layers of silicon plus the support backing and the detector will provide 4 x,y,z points to compute a track.<br />
<br />
Previous work performed at Jlab:<br />
* '''Status: 2006'''<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-010.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-010] SVT R&D Progress Report.<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-013.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-013] Simulation of the SVX4 ASICs' Performance<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-014.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-014] Specifications for the Hall B Silicon Vertex Tracker's Prototype Module<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-021.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-021] Two Possible Configurations of the Silicon Vertex Tracker<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-024.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-024] Dead Time Due to the Frequency of Reset and Restore Operations of the SVX4 ASICs<br />
* '''Status: 2007'''<br />
** [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf Laser Test Stand Report FY 07].<br />
<br />
A completing solution for tracking in the inner detector is the ''''micromegas detector'''', see: [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2007-004.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2007-004]<br />
<br />
== Related Papers ==<br />
*'''Silicon Vertex Detectors'''<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4FKY7FT-1&_user=1967573&_coverDate=04%2F01%2F2005&_alid=627076008&_rdoc=23&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=79&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=a8a9aac50928fdb047ba2133e9c04b00|Historical background of development of Silicon detectors<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-41F5X25-9&_user=1967573&_coverDate=10%2F11%2F2000&_alid=627077088&_rdoc=26&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=93&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=513a697b1624ddaf8b5619e004dd3123]<br />
Short summary of many detector designs<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-46MC9SG-7&_user=1967573&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1995&_alid=627078546&_rdoc=7&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=171&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=a86eaec2a3c0ddf31483c56258ed48b8]<br />
Description of testing using diode laser<br />
Useful for studying angle of incidence of laser in tests<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FCC6-TH&_user=1967573&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1993&_alid=627080328&_rdoc=38&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=77&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=e37879eab740fc952d8a182cb99f97f1]<br />
OPAL detector described - heavy in readout electronics and algorithms<br />
Note : A Science Direct Account is needed<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FC4B-PP&_user=1967573&_coverDate=07%2F15%2F1988&_alid=627081491&_rdoc=22&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=87&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=4e664556fa71769632bd598dbbfa2215]<br />
Study of depth and spread of depletion layer using infrared laser light<br />
Note : A Science Direct Account is needed<br />
<br />
*'''Micromegas Detectors'''<br />
**<br />
<br />
<br />
== SVT for CLAS12 - Drawing and Such ==<br />
<br />
[http://clasweb.jlab.org/instrumentation/SVT/CD2/PDF/ACD/060%20sensor%20cross-section%20represetation.pdf Cross Section Drawing of SVT chip]<br />
<br />
== Requirements for Testing == <br />
<br />
* Laser with wavelength &lambda;~1100 nm to match the band gap energy of silicon. <br />
* The mechanical system should be able to drive a laser system over a box of approximately 1m long and 15cm wide, weighing approximately 1kg. This is what we saw in the JLab electronic room.<br />
* Positioning of the laser in the x-direction much better than 150&micro;m.<br />
** Motor with high accuracy is needed.<br />
* Laser spot on the surface better than 50 &micro;m.<br />
** Very high precision motor can be used to keep fiber close to the surface.<br />
** Also can use an optical lense to focus laser beam onto the surface.<br />
* Pulse length of the laser much less than 132 nsec to match the clock rate of the SVX4 chip (if we want the charge measurement to be meaningful during the test).<br />
* If the efficiency needs to be measured we need to make sure that the laser is not fired when the pulse is be close to the end of the gate, possibly by synchronizing the laser pulser and the SVX4 clock.<br />
<br />
== Pulsed Laser for Testing ==<br />
<br />
:The main principle of the LASER test is the [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FC4B-PP&_user=859303&_coverDate=07%2F15%2F1988&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&view=c&_acct=C000046323&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=859303&md5=876b43e6aafe73c6f4ead07e2cdeece4&ref=full injection of charge into silicon using an infrared LASER]. <br />
<br />
=== Test setup at Fermi Lab ===<br />
* [http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=10174848 Pulsed LASER for testing silicon strip detectors], which was used for similar purposes at Fermi Lab. <br />
** This DO Note describes a pulsed LASER setup for testing silicon strip detectors at the Silicon Detector Facility (SiDet) of Fermilab supporting the related projects and, in particular, the DO Silicon Tracker Upgrade. It will be used in the measurements of the efficiency of individual strips and their coupling. The LASER wavelength is 1060 nm, at which the absorption length in silicon is about 2 mm. The LASER setup is capable of producing light pulses with rise time of less than 1 ns, allowing the measurement of charge pulse shaping at individual strips and their capacitive couplings. Due to the high power output of the LASER, safety considerations are included. Also discussed are precautions for the safety of the LASER itself, and how to limit the light to an area smaller than 50,pm of diameter.<br />
<br />
=== Test setup for PHENIX ===<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-46MC9SG-7&_user=859303&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1995&_alid=602137605&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_orig_alid=602137605&_cdi=5314&_st=13&_docanchor=&view=c&_subId=927762&_ct=1&_acct=C000046323&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=859303&md5=878893d1a983687b2d985de069d470b7 NIM article describing the laser test setup for PHENIX.] There is also a [http://p25ext.lanl.gov/phenix/mvd/notes/1995/PHENIX-MVD-95-1/laser.html web page describing the PHENIX test setup.] The total cost of the LASER and optics was ~$5000.<br />
<br />
=== CLAS12 Options === <br />
<br />
* Use [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] mainframe with [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 106C optical module]. This is probably most expensive option. <br />
** The [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] can also be found as [http://www.valuetronics.com/Details.aspx?ProdID=9964 a second hand product for cheaper price than the original price ]. But the most of the [http://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/images/d/df/BNC_price_list.pdf price of the setup] comes from the price of [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 106C optical module].<br />
* Use [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] mainframe with [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 085 or 065 optical modules]. The wavelength of these lasers is shorter, which yields shorter absorbtion length for silicon, leading to concentration of the charge near the surface. <br />
* Use [http://www.us-lasers.com/d670nm5.htm a 670nm wavelength laser diode] together with [http://www.ichaus.de/product.php?prod=iC-NZ an integrated circuit laser driver] described in [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf the note by Amrit's group]. This diode also provides maximum of 670nm wavelength for the laser light. <br />
** Although [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf the note] states that a laser diode with longer than 670nm wavelength could not be found, there is [http://www.us-lasers.com/n980nm5m.htm a web page describing such a laser diode with 980nm wavelength]. At this point it is not clear if this diode is actually available in practice and for what price.<br />
* A laser system [http://www.picoquant.com/getfs.htm?products/ldh/ldhseries.htm FSL 500] from a company called <b>PicoQuant</b> based in Germany. This can be used with their laser diode LDH-S-C-1060 which provides light at 1060nm. According to their web site it can be coupled with a singlemode fiber, but the small diameter of the fiber of 10 um is not standart for them, we may end up having to find someone else to couple a fibre for us. The FSL-500 mainframe itself would cost us $13000, while the laser head is $11000, which is kind of steep for a diode. At this point it is otn clear what advantages this diode has over othe cheaper laser diodes (see below).<br />
* [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=80&cat=14 A laser diode QFLD-1060-10S from QPhotonics at 1060nm wavelength at typical power of 10mW], which costs about $300, is another option. This company is currently located in Virginia, moving to Michigan. The diode can be driven by an [http://www.avtechpulse.com/laser/avo-9e/ AVO-9E-B Avtech laser diode driver], which would satisfy our requirements and costs about $10,000. The power statibility within 12 hours of operation is RMS~1%. The lifetime for QFLD-1060-10S is 10000 hrs, after which the power may be reduced by ~20%. There are other diodes available as well: <br />
** [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=309&cat=14 QFBGLD-1060-30PM diode at 1060nm] would provide typical power of 30mW in 10000 hours, costs $1,690.00 .<br />
** [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=101&cat=14 QFBGLD-1080-2 diode at 1080 nm] provides typical power of 2mW for 50000 hours, costs $990.00.<br />
<br />
== Rail and Support System ==<br />
<br />
* The rail and support system will be based on three moving stages: one to scan across the silicon chip (x-stage), the other to focus the laser (z-stage), and the third one to move the laser to scan the chip at a different position. <br />
* Amrit's group had a prototype which included x and z statges, plus some railings designed to move them. This will serve as the starting point for the UNH design. The motor for x-motion was Zaber Technlogies T-LLS275 (or [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=KT-LLS260 equivalent model]), and the motor for z-motion was [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=NA11B60 Zaber NA11B60].<br />
* One alternative is to use T-LLS275 (or [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=KT-LLS260 equivalent model])as the y-stage, but get a new and smaller motor for x-motion since 25 cm range provided by T-LLS275 is probably too big anyway. The range and the precision of other Zaber motors might be better matched for scanning the wafer across than the relatively large T-LLS275.<br />
* Another good option is to order all three axis assembled from a single company [http://www.velmex.com/ Velmex, Inc]. The only problem I encountered with them is that they would like to build the assembly using the same type of slides without mixing different slide families, which may not be a problem but an inconvenience. Aparently the mixing drives the cost up because of various mecahnical adapters needed to match parts from different families. This option would be really nice and it would cost about $8000.<br />
<br />
== Very Brief Notes from the Wednesday Bi-weekly Tracking Meetings ==<br />
* [[ Tracking Meeting on 18 July 2007 ]]<br />
* Tracking Meeting on 01 August 2007 <br />
* [[ Tracking Meeting on 15 August 2007 ]]<br />
<br />
== Available Hardware == <br />
=== Our own ===<br />
* [http://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/images/4/4f/Dell.pdf Dell Workstation 9200 for the SVT Test]<br />
<br />
=== From Jefferson Lab ===</div>Srn5https://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/index.php?title=SVT_Project&diff=2756SVT Project2007-10-03T12:43:22Z<p>Srn5: </p>
<hr />
<div>= The UNH Silicon Vertex Tracker Project =<br />
<br />
The UNH Nuclear Physics group will be building a test facility for the Silicon Vertex Tracker (SVT) for CLAS12. The current plan is for the SVT to be build up of 4 concentric layers. Each layer will provide x and y information from two silicon strip detectors, each detector with a different "pitch" for the strips. A scattered particle will thus go through 8 layers of silicon plus the support backing and the detector will provide 4 x,y,z points to compute a track.<br />
<br />
Previous work performed at Jlab:<br />
* '''Status: 2006'''<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-010.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-010] SVT R&D Progress Report.<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-013.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-013] Simulation of the SVX4 ASICs' Performance<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-014.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-014] Specifications for the Hall B Silicon Vertex Tracker's Prototype Module<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-021.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-021] Two Possible Configurations of the Silicon Vertex Tracker<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-024.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-024] Dead Time Due to the Frequency of Reset and Restore Operations of the SVX4 ASICs<br />
* '''Status: 2007'''<br />
** [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf Laser Test Stand Report FY 07].<br />
<br />
A completing solution for tracking in the inner detector is the ''''micromegas detector'''', see: [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2007-004.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2007-004]<br />
<br />
== Related Papers ==<br />
*'''Silicon Vertex Detectors'''<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4FKY7FT-1&_user=1967573&_coverDate=04%2F01%2F2005&_alid=627076008&_rdoc=23&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=79&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=a8a9aac50928fdb047ba2133e9c04b00]<br />
Historical background of development of Silicon detectors<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-41F5X25-9&_user=1967573&_coverDate=10%2F11%2F2000&_alid=627077088&_rdoc=26&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=93&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=513a697b1624ddaf8b5619e004dd3123]<br />
Short summary of many detector designs<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-46MC9SG-7&_user=1967573&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1995&_alid=627078546&_rdoc=7&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=171&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=a86eaec2a3c0ddf31483c56258ed48b8]<br />
Description of testing using diode laser<br />
Useful for studying angle of incidence of laser in tests<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FCC6-TH&_user=1967573&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1993&_alid=627080328&_rdoc=38&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=77&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=e37879eab740fc952d8a182cb99f97f1]<br />
OPAL detector described - heavy in readout electronics and algorithms<br />
Note : A Science Direct Account is needed<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FC4B-PP&_user=1967573&_coverDate=07%2F15%2F1988&_alid=627081491&_rdoc=22&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=87&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=4e664556fa71769632bd598dbbfa2215]<br />
Study of depth and spread of depletion layer using infrared laser light<br />
Note : A Science Direct Account is needed<br />
<br />
*'''Micromegas Detectors'''<br />
**<br />
<br />
<br />
== SVT for CLAS12 - Drawing and Such ==<br />
<br />
[http://clasweb.jlab.org/instrumentation/SVT/CD2/PDF/ACD/060%20sensor%20cross-section%20represetation.pdf Cross Section Drawing of SVT chip]<br />
<br />
== Requirements for Testing == <br />
<br />
* Laser with wavelength &lambda;~1100 nm to match the band gap energy of silicon. <br />
* The mechanical system should be able to drive a laser system over a box of approximately 1m long and 15cm wide, weighing approximately 1kg. This is what we saw in the JLab electronic room.<br />
* Positioning of the laser in the x-direction much better than 150&micro;m.<br />
** Motor with high accuracy is needed.<br />
* Laser spot on the surface better than 50 &micro;m.<br />
** Very high precision motor can be used to keep fiber close to the surface.<br />
** Also can use an optical lense to focus laser beam onto the surface.<br />
* Pulse length of the laser much less than 132 nsec to match the clock rate of the SVX4 chip (if we want the charge measurement to be meaningful during the test).<br />
* If the efficiency needs to be measured we need to make sure that the laser is not fired when the pulse is be close to the end of the gate, possibly by synchronizing the laser pulser and the SVX4 clock.<br />
<br />
== Pulsed Laser for Testing ==<br />
<br />
:The main principle of the LASER test is the [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FC4B-PP&_user=859303&_coverDate=07%2F15%2F1988&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&view=c&_acct=C000046323&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=859303&md5=876b43e6aafe73c6f4ead07e2cdeece4&ref=full injection of charge into silicon using an infrared LASER]. <br />
<br />
=== Test setup at Fermi Lab ===<br />
* [http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=10174848 Pulsed LASER for testing silicon strip detectors], which was used for similar purposes at Fermi Lab. <br />
** This DO Note describes a pulsed LASER setup for testing silicon strip detectors at the Silicon Detector Facility (SiDet) of Fermilab supporting the related projects and, in particular, the DO Silicon Tracker Upgrade. It will be used in the measurements of the efficiency of individual strips and their coupling. The LASER wavelength is 1060 nm, at which the absorption length in silicon is about 2 mm. The LASER setup is capable of producing light pulses with rise time of less than 1 ns, allowing the measurement of charge pulse shaping at individual strips and their capacitive couplings. Due to the high power output of the LASER, safety considerations are included. Also discussed are precautions for the safety of the LASER itself, and how to limit the light to an area smaller than 50,pm of diameter.<br />
<br />
=== Test setup for PHENIX ===<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-46MC9SG-7&_user=859303&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1995&_alid=602137605&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_orig_alid=602137605&_cdi=5314&_st=13&_docanchor=&view=c&_subId=927762&_ct=1&_acct=C000046323&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=859303&md5=878893d1a983687b2d985de069d470b7 NIM article describing the laser test setup for PHENIX.] There is also a [http://p25ext.lanl.gov/phenix/mvd/notes/1995/PHENIX-MVD-95-1/laser.html web page describing the PHENIX test setup.] The total cost of the LASER and optics was ~$5000.<br />
<br />
=== CLAS12 Options === <br />
<br />
* Use [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] mainframe with [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 106C optical module]. This is probably most expensive option. <br />
** The [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] can also be found as [http://www.valuetronics.com/Details.aspx?ProdID=9964 a second hand product for cheaper price than the original price ]. But the most of the [http://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/images/d/df/BNC_price_list.pdf price of the setup] comes from the price of [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 106C optical module].<br />
* Use [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] mainframe with [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 085 or 065 optical modules]. The wavelength of these lasers is shorter, which yields shorter absorbtion length for silicon, leading to concentration of the charge near the surface. <br />
* Use [http://www.us-lasers.com/d670nm5.htm a 670nm wavelength laser diode] together with [http://www.ichaus.de/product.php?prod=iC-NZ an integrated circuit laser driver] described in [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf the note by Amrit's group]. This diode also provides maximum of 670nm wavelength for the laser light. <br />
** Although [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf the note] states that a laser diode with longer than 670nm wavelength could not be found, there is [http://www.us-lasers.com/n980nm5m.htm a web page describing such a laser diode with 980nm wavelength]. At this point it is not clear if this diode is actually available in practice and for what price.<br />
* A laser system [http://www.picoquant.com/getfs.htm?products/ldh/ldhseries.htm FSL 500] from a company called <b>PicoQuant</b> based in Germany. This can be used with their laser diode LDH-S-C-1060 which provides light at 1060nm. According to their web site it can be coupled with a singlemode fiber, but the small diameter of the fiber of 10 um is not standart for them, we may end up having to find someone else to couple a fibre for us. The FSL-500 mainframe itself would cost us $13000, while the laser head is $11000, which is kind of steep for a diode. At this point it is otn clear what advantages this diode has over othe cheaper laser diodes (see below).<br />
* [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=80&cat=14 A laser diode QFLD-1060-10S from QPhotonics at 1060nm wavelength at typical power of 10mW], which costs about $300, is another option. This company is currently located in Virginia, moving to Michigan. The diode can be driven by an [http://www.avtechpulse.com/laser/avo-9e/ AVO-9E-B Avtech laser diode driver], which would satisfy our requirements and costs about $10,000. The power statibility within 12 hours of operation is RMS~1%. The lifetime for QFLD-1060-10S is 10000 hrs, after which the power may be reduced by ~20%. There are other diodes available as well: <br />
** [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=309&cat=14 QFBGLD-1060-30PM diode at 1060nm] would provide typical power of 30mW in 10000 hours, costs $1,690.00 .<br />
** [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=101&cat=14 QFBGLD-1080-2 diode at 1080 nm] provides typical power of 2mW for 50000 hours, costs $990.00.<br />
<br />
== Rail and Support System ==<br />
<br />
* The rail and support system will be based on three moving stages: one to scan across the silicon chip (x-stage), the other to focus the laser (z-stage), and the third one to move the laser to scan the chip at a different position. <br />
* Amrit's group had a prototype which included x and z statges, plus some railings designed to move them. This will serve as the starting point for the UNH design. The motor for x-motion was Zaber Technlogies T-LLS275 (or [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=KT-LLS260 equivalent model]), and the motor for z-motion was [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=NA11B60 Zaber NA11B60].<br />
* One alternative is to use T-LLS275 (or [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=KT-LLS260 equivalent model])as the y-stage, but get a new and smaller motor for x-motion since 25 cm range provided by T-LLS275 is probably too big anyway. The range and the precision of other Zaber motors might be better matched for scanning the wafer across than the relatively large T-LLS275.<br />
* Another good option is to order all three axis assembled from a single company [http://www.velmex.com/ Velmex, Inc]. The only problem I encountered with them is that they would like to build the assembly using the same type of slides without mixing different slide families, which may not be a problem but an inconvenience. Aparently the mixing drives the cost up because of various mecahnical adapters needed to match parts from different families. This option would be really nice and it would cost about $8000.<br />
<br />
== Very Brief Notes from the Wednesday Bi-weekly Tracking Meetings ==<br />
* [[ Tracking Meeting on 18 July 2007 ]]<br />
* Tracking Meeting on 01 August 2007 <br />
* [[ Tracking Meeting on 15 August 2007 ]]<br />
<br />
== Available Hardware == <br />
=== Our own ===<br />
* [http://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/images/4/4f/Dell.pdf Dell Workstation 9200 for the SVT Test]<br />
<br />
=== From Jefferson Lab ===</div>Srn5https://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/index.php?title=SVT_Project&diff=2755SVT Project2007-10-03T12:42:14Z<p>Srn5: </p>
<hr />
<div>= The UNH Silicon Vertex Tracker Project =<br />
<br />
The UNH Nuclear Physics group will be building a test facility for the Silicon Vertex Tracker (SVT) for CLAS12. The current plan is for the SVT to be build up of 4 concentric layers. Each layer will provide x and y information from two silicon strip detectors, each detector with a different "pitch" for the strips. A scattered particle will thus go through 8 layers of silicon plus the support backing and the detector will provide 4 x,y,z points to compute a track.<br />
<br />
Previous work performed at Jlab:<br />
* '''Status: 2006'''<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-010.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-010] SVT R&D Progress Report.<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-013.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-013] Simulation of the SVX4 ASICs' Performance<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-014.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-014] Specifications for the Hall B Silicon Vertex Tracker's Prototype Module<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-021.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-021] Two Possible Configurations of the Silicon Vertex Tracker<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-024.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-024] Dead Time Due to the Frequency of Reset and Restore Operations of the SVX4 ASICs<br />
* '''Status: 2007'''<br />
** [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf Laser Test Stand Report FY 07].<br />
<br />
A completing solution for tracking in the inner detector is the ''''micromegas detector'''', see: [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2007-004.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2007-004]<br />
<br />
== Related Papers ==<br />
*'''Silicon Vertex Detectors'''<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4FKY7FT-1&_user=1967573&_coverDate=04%2F01%2F2005&_alid=627076008&_rdoc=23&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=79&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=a8a9aac50928fdb047ba2133e9c04b00| Historical background of development of Silicon detectors]<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-41F5X25-9&_user=1967573&_coverDate=10%2F11%2F2000&_alid=627077088&_rdoc=26&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=93&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=513a697b1624ddaf8b5619e004dd3123|<br />
Short summary of many detector designs]<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-46MC9SG-7&_user=1967573&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1995&_alid=627078546&_rdoc=7&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=171&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=a86eaec2a3c0ddf31483c56258ed48b8|<br />
Description of testing using diode laser<br />
Useful for studying angle of incidence of laser in tests]<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FCC6-TH&_user=1967573&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1993&_alid=627080328&_rdoc=38&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=77&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=e37879eab740fc952d8a182cb99f97f1|<br />
OPAL detector described - heavy in readout electronics and algorithms<br />
Note : A Science Direct Account is needed]<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FC4B-PP&_user=1967573&_coverDate=07%2F15%2F1988&_alid=627081491&_rdoc=22&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=87&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=4e664556fa71769632bd598dbbfa2215|<br />
Study of depth and spread of depletion layer using infrared laser light<br />
Note : A Science Direct Account is needed]<br />
<br />
*'''Micromegas Detectors'''<br />
**<br />
<br />
<br />
== SVT for CLAS12 - Drawing and Such ==<br />
<br />
[http://clasweb.jlab.org/instrumentation/SVT/CD2/PDF/ACD/060%20sensor%20cross-section%20represetation.pdf Cross Section Drawing of SVT chip]<br />
<br />
== Requirements for Testing == <br />
<br />
* Laser with wavelength &lambda;~1100 nm to match the band gap energy of silicon. <br />
* The mechanical system should be able to drive a laser system over a box of approximately 1m long and 15cm wide, weighing approximately 1kg. This is what we saw in the JLab electronic room.<br />
* Positioning of the laser in the x-direction much better than 150&micro;m.<br />
** Motor with high accuracy is needed.<br />
* Laser spot on the surface better than 50 &micro;m.<br />
** Very high precision motor can be used to keep fiber close to the surface.<br />
** Also can use an optical lense to focus laser beam onto the surface.<br />
* Pulse length of the laser much less than 132 nsec to match the clock rate of the SVX4 chip (if we want the charge measurement to be meaningful during the test).<br />
* If the efficiency needs to be measured we need to make sure that the laser is not fired when the pulse is be close to the end of the gate, possibly by synchronizing the laser pulser and the SVX4 clock.<br />
<br />
== Pulsed Laser for Testing ==<br />
<br />
:The main principle of the LASER test is the [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FC4B-PP&_user=859303&_coverDate=07%2F15%2F1988&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&view=c&_acct=C000046323&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=859303&md5=876b43e6aafe73c6f4ead07e2cdeece4&ref=full injection of charge into silicon using an infrared LASER]. <br />
<br />
=== Test setup at Fermi Lab ===<br />
* [http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=10174848 Pulsed LASER for testing silicon strip detectors], which was used for similar purposes at Fermi Lab. <br />
** This DO Note describes a pulsed LASER setup for testing silicon strip detectors at the Silicon Detector Facility (SiDet) of Fermilab supporting the related projects and, in particular, the DO Silicon Tracker Upgrade. It will be used in the measurements of the efficiency of individual strips and their coupling. The LASER wavelength is 1060 nm, at which the absorption length in silicon is about 2 mm. The LASER setup is capable of producing light pulses with rise time of less than 1 ns, allowing the measurement of charge pulse shaping at individual strips and their capacitive couplings. Due to the high power output of the LASER, safety considerations are included. Also discussed are precautions for the safety of the LASER itself, and how to limit the light to an area smaller than 50,pm of diameter.<br />
<br />
=== Test setup for PHENIX ===<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-46MC9SG-7&_user=859303&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1995&_alid=602137605&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_orig_alid=602137605&_cdi=5314&_st=13&_docanchor=&view=c&_subId=927762&_ct=1&_acct=C000046323&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=859303&md5=878893d1a983687b2d985de069d470b7 NIM article describing the laser test setup for PHENIX.] There is also a [http://p25ext.lanl.gov/phenix/mvd/notes/1995/PHENIX-MVD-95-1/laser.html web page describing the PHENIX test setup.] The total cost of the LASER and optics was ~$5000.<br />
<br />
=== CLAS12 Options === <br />
<br />
* Use [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] mainframe with [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 106C optical module]. This is probably most expensive option. <br />
** The [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] can also be found as [http://www.valuetronics.com/Details.aspx?ProdID=9964 a second hand product for cheaper price than the original price ]. But the most of the [http://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/images/d/df/BNC_price_list.pdf price of the setup] comes from the price of [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 106C optical module].<br />
* Use [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] mainframe with [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 085 or 065 optical modules]. The wavelength of these lasers is shorter, which yields shorter absorbtion length for silicon, leading to concentration of the charge near the surface. <br />
* Use [http://www.us-lasers.com/d670nm5.htm a 670nm wavelength laser diode] together with [http://www.ichaus.de/product.php?prod=iC-NZ an integrated circuit laser driver] described in [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf the note by Amrit's group]. This diode also provides maximum of 670nm wavelength for the laser light. <br />
** Although [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf the note] states that a laser diode with longer than 670nm wavelength could not be found, there is [http://www.us-lasers.com/n980nm5m.htm a web page describing such a laser diode with 980nm wavelength]. At this point it is not clear if this diode is actually available in practice and for what price.<br />
* A laser system [http://www.picoquant.com/getfs.htm?products/ldh/ldhseries.htm FSL 500] from a company called <b>PicoQuant</b> based in Germany. This can be used with their laser diode LDH-S-C-1060 which provides light at 1060nm. According to their web site it can be coupled with a singlemode fiber, but the small diameter of the fiber of 10 um is not standart for them, we may end up having to find someone else to couple a fibre for us. The FSL-500 mainframe itself would cost us $13000, while the laser head is $11000, which is kind of steep for a diode. At this point it is otn clear what advantages this diode has over othe cheaper laser diodes (see below).<br />
* [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=80&cat=14 A laser diode QFLD-1060-10S from QPhotonics at 1060nm wavelength at typical power of 10mW], which costs about $300, is another option. This company is currently located in Virginia, moving to Michigan. The diode can be driven by an [http://www.avtechpulse.com/laser/avo-9e/ AVO-9E-B Avtech laser diode driver], which would satisfy our requirements and costs about $10,000. The power statibility within 12 hours of operation is RMS~1%. The lifetime for QFLD-1060-10S is 10000 hrs, after which the power may be reduced by ~20%. There are other diodes available as well: <br />
** [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=309&cat=14 QFBGLD-1060-30PM diode at 1060nm] would provide typical power of 30mW in 10000 hours, costs $1,690.00 .<br />
** [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=101&cat=14 QFBGLD-1080-2 diode at 1080 nm] provides typical power of 2mW for 50000 hours, costs $990.00.<br />
<br />
== Rail and Support System ==<br />
<br />
* The rail and support system will be based on three moving stages: one to scan across the silicon chip (x-stage), the other to focus the laser (z-stage), and the third one to move the laser to scan the chip at a different position. <br />
* Amrit's group had a prototype which included x and z statges, plus some railings designed to move them. This will serve as the starting point for the UNH design. The motor for x-motion was Zaber Technlogies T-LLS275 (or [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=KT-LLS260 equivalent model]), and the motor for z-motion was [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=NA11B60 Zaber NA11B60].<br />
* One alternative is to use T-LLS275 (or [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=KT-LLS260 equivalent model])as the y-stage, but get a new and smaller motor for x-motion since 25 cm range provided by T-LLS275 is probably too big anyway. The range and the precision of other Zaber motors might be better matched for scanning the wafer across than the relatively large T-LLS275.<br />
* Another good option is to order all three axis assembled from a single company [http://www.velmex.com/ Velmex, Inc]. The only problem I encountered with them is that they would like to build the assembly using the same type of slides without mixing different slide families, which may not be a problem but an inconvenience. Aparently the mixing drives the cost up because of various mecahnical adapters needed to match parts from different families. This option would be really nice and it would cost about $8000.<br />
<br />
== Very Brief Notes from the Wednesday Bi-weekly Tracking Meetings ==<br />
* [[ Tracking Meeting on 18 July 2007 ]]<br />
* Tracking Meeting on 01 August 2007 <br />
* [[ Tracking Meeting on 15 August 2007 ]]<br />
<br />
== Available Hardware == <br />
=== Our own ===<br />
* [http://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/images/4/4f/Dell.pdf Dell Workstation 9200 for the SVT Test]<br />
<br />
=== From Jefferson Lab ===</div>Srn5https://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/index.php?title=SVT_Project&diff=2754SVT Project2007-10-03T12:40:37Z<p>Srn5: </p>
<hr />
<div>= The UNH Silicon Vertex Tracker Project =<br />
<br />
The UNH Nuclear Physics group will be building a test facility for the Silicon Vertex Tracker (SVT) for CLAS12. The current plan is for the SVT to be build up of 4 concentric layers. Each layer will provide x and y information from two silicon strip detectors, each detector with a different "pitch" for the strips. A scattered particle will thus go through 8 layers of silicon plus the support backing and the detector will provide 4 x,y,z points to compute a track.<br />
<br />
Previous work performed at Jlab:<br />
* '''Status: 2006'''<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-010.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-010] SVT R&D Progress Report.<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-013.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-013] Simulation of the SVX4 ASICs' Performance<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-014.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-014] Specifications for the Hall B Silicon Vertex Tracker's Prototype Module<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-021.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-021] Two Possible Configurations of the Silicon Vertex Tracker<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-024.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-024] Dead Time Due to the Frequency of Reset and Restore Operations of the SVX4 ASICs<br />
* '''Status: 2007'''<br />
** [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf Laser Test Stand Report FY 07].<br />
<br />
A completing solution for tracking in the inner detector is the ''''micromegas detector'''', see: [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2007-004.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2007-004]<br />
<br />
== Related Papers ==<br />
*'''Silicon Vertex Detectors'''<br />
**[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4FKY7FT-1&_user=1967573&_coverDate=04%2F01%2F2005&_alid=627076008&_rdoc=23&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=79&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=a8a9aac50928fdb047ba2133e9c04b00| Historical background of development of Silicon detectors]<br />
**[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-41F5X25-9&_user=1967573&_coverDate=10%2F11%2F2000&_alid=627077088&_rdoc=26&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=93&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=513a697b1624ddaf8b5619e004dd3123|<br />
Short summary of many detector designs]<br />
**[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-46MC9SG-7&_user=1967573&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1995&_alid=627078546&_rdoc=7&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=171&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=a86eaec2a3c0ddf31483c56258ed48b8|<br />
Description of testing using diode laser]<br />
***Useful for studying angle of incidence of laser in tests<br />
**[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FCC6-TH&_user=1967573&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1993&_alid=627080328&_rdoc=38&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=77&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=e37879eab740fc952d8a182cb99f97f1|<br />
OPAL detector described - heavy in readout electronics and algorithms]<br />
***Note : A Science Direct Account is needed<br />
**[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FC4B-PP&_user=1967573&_coverDate=07%2F15%2F1988&_alid=627081491&_rdoc=22&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=87&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=4e664556fa71769632bd598dbbfa2215|<br />
Study of depth and spread of depletion layer using infrared laser light<br />
***Note : A Science Direct Account is needed<br />
<br />
*'''Micromegas Detectors'''<br />
**<br />
<br />
<br />
== SVT for CLAS12 - Drawing and Such ==<br />
<br />
[http://clasweb.jlab.org/instrumentation/SVT/CD2/PDF/ACD/060%20sensor%20cross-section%20represetation.pdf Cross Section Drawing of SVT chip]<br />
<br />
== Requirements for Testing == <br />
<br />
* Laser with wavelength &lambda;~1100 nm to match the band gap energy of silicon. <br />
* The mechanical system should be able to drive a laser system over a box of approximately 1m long and 15cm wide, weighing approximately 1kg. This is what we saw in the JLab electronic room.<br />
* Positioning of the laser in the x-direction much better than 150&micro;m.<br />
** Motor with high accuracy is needed.<br />
* Laser spot on the surface better than 50 &micro;m.<br />
** Very high precision motor can be used to keep fiber close to the surface.<br />
** Also can use an optical lense to focus laser beam onto the surface.<br />
* Pulse length of the laser much less than 132 nsec to match the clock rate of the SVX4 chip (if we want the charge measurement to be meaningful during the test).<br />
* If the efficiency needs to be measured we need to make sure that the laser is not fired when the pulse is be close to the end of the gate, possibly by synchronizing the laser pulser and the SVX4 clock.<br />
<br />
== Pulsed Laser for Testing ==<br />
<br />
:The main principle of the LASER test is the [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FC4B-PP&_user=859303&_coverDate=07%2F15%2F1988&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&view=c&_acct=C000046323&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=859303&md5=876b43e6aafe73c6f4ead07e2cdeece4&ref=full injection of charge into silicon using an infrared LASER]. <br />
<br />
=== Test setup at Fermi Lab ===<br />
* [http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=10174848 Pulsed LASER for testing silicon strip detectors], which was used for similar purposes at Fermi Lab. <br />
** This DO Note describes a pulsed LASER setup for testing silicon strip detectors at the Silicon Detector Facility (SiDet) of Fermilab supporting the related projects and, in particular, the DO Silicon Tracker Upgrade. It will be used in the measurements of the efficiency of individual strips and their coupling. The LASER wavelength is 1060 nm, at which the absorption length in silicon is about 2 mm. The LASER setup is capable of producing light pulses with rise time of less than 1 ns, allowing the measurement of charge pulse shaping at individual strips and their capacitive couplings. Due to the high power output of the LASER, safety considerations are included. Also discussed are precautions for the safety of the LASER itself, and how to limit the light to an area smaller than 50,pm of diameter.<br />
<br />
=== Test setup for PHENIX ===<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-46MC9SG-7&_user=859303&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1995&_alid=602137605&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_orig_alid=602137605&_cdi=5314&_st=13&_docanchor=&view=c&_subId=927762&_ct=1&_acct=C000046323&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=859303&md5=878893d1a983687b2d985de069d470b7 NIM article describing the laser test setup for PHENIX.] There is also a [http://p25ext.lanl.gov/phenix/mvd/notes/1995/PHENIX-MVD-95-1/laser.html web page describing the PHENIX test setup.] The total cost of the LASER and optics was ~$5000.<br />
<br />
=== CLAS12 Options === <br />
<br />
* Use [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] mainframe with [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 106C optical module]. This is probably most expensive option. <br />
** The [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] can also be found as [http://www.valuetronics.com/Details.aspx?ProdID=9964 a second hand product for cheaper price than the original price ]. But the most of the [http://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/images/d/df/BNC_price_list.pdf price of the setup] comes from the price of [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 106C optical module].<br />
* Use [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] mainframe with [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 085 or 065 optical modules]. The wavelength of these lasers is shorter, which yields shorter absorbtion length for silicon, leading to concentration of the charge near the surface. <br />
* Use [http://www.us-lasers.com/d670nm5.htm a 670nm wavelength laser diode] together with [http://www.ichaus.de/product.php?prod=iC-NZ an integrated circuit laser driver] described in [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf the note by Amrit's group]. This diode also provides maximum of 670nm wavelength for the laser light. <br />
** Although [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf the note] states that a laser diode with longer than 670nm wavelength could not be found, there is [http://www.us-lasers.com/n980nm5m.htm a web page describing such a laser diode with 980nm wavelength]. At this point it is not clear if this diode is actually available in practice and for what price.<br />
* A laser system [http://www.picoquant.com/getfs.htm?products/ldh/ldhseries.htm FSL 500] from a company called <b>PicoQuant</b> based in Germany. This can be used with their laser diode LDH-S-C-1060 which provides light at 1060nm. According to their web site it can be coupled with a singlemode fiber, but the small diameter of the fiber of 10 um is not standart for them, we may end up having to find someone else to couple a fibre for us. The FSL-500 mainframe itself would cost us $13000, while the laser head is $11000, which is kind of steep for a diode. At this point it is otn clear what advantages this diode has over othe cheaper laser diodes (see below).<br />
* [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=80&cat=14 A laser diode QFLD-1060-10S from QPhotonics at 1060nm wavelength at typical power of 10mW], which costs about $300, is another option. This company is currently located in Virginia, moving to Michigan. The diode can be driven by an [http://www.avtechpulse.com/laser/avo-9e/ AVO-9E-B Avtech laser diode driver], which would satisfy our requirements and costs about $10,000. The power statibility within 12 hours of operation is RMS~1%. The lifetime for QFLD-1060-10S is 10000 hrs, after which the power may be reduced by ~20%. There are other diodes available as well: <br />
** [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=309&cat=14 QFBGLD-1060-30PM diode at 1060nm] would provide typical power of 30mW in 10000 hours, costs $1,690.00 .<br />
** [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=101&cat=14 QFBGLD-1080-2 diode at 1080 nm] provides typical power of 2mW for 50000 hours, costs $990.00.<br />
<br />
== Rail and Support System ==<br />
<br />
* The rail and support system will be based on three moving stages: one to scan across the silicon chip (x-stage), the other to focus the laser (z-stage), and the third one to move the laser to scan the chip at a different position. <br />
* Amrit's group had a prototype which included x and z statges, plus some railings designed to move them. This will serve as the starting point for the UNH design. The motor for x-motion was Zaber Technlogies T-LLS275 (or [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=KT-LLS260 equivalent model]), and the motor for z-motion was [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=NA11B60 Zaber NA11B60].<br />
* One alternative is to use T-LLS275 (or [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=KT-LLS260 equivalent model])as the y-stage, but get a new and smaller motor for x-motion since 25 cm range provided by T-LLS275 is probably too big anyway. The range and the precision of other Zaber motors might be better matched for scanning the wafer across than the relatively large T-LLS275.<br />
* Another good option is to order all three axis assembled from a single company [http://www.velmex.com/ Velmex, Inc]. The only problem I encountered with them is that they would like to build the assembly using the same type of slides without mixing different slide families, which may not be a problem but an inconvenience. Aparently the mixing drives the cost up because of various mecahnical adapters needed to match parts from different families. This option would be really nice and it would cost about $8000.<br />
<br />
== Very Brief Notes from the Wednesday Bi-weekly Tracking Meetings ==<br />
* [[ Tracking Meeting on 18 July 2007 ]]<br />
* Tracking Meeting on 01 August 2007 <br />
* [[ Tracking Meeting on 15 August 2007 ]]<br />
<br />
== Available Hardware == <br />
=== Our own ===<br />
* [http://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/images/4/4f/Dell.pdf Dell Workstation 9200 for the SVT Test]<br />
<br />
=== From Jefferson Lab ===</div>Srn5https://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/index.php?title=SVT_Project&diff=2753SVT Project2007-10-03T12:35:23Z<p>Srn5: </p>
<hr />
<div>= The UNH Silicon Vertex Tracker Project =<br />
<br />
The UNH Nuclear Physics group will be building a test facility for the Silicon Vertex Tracker (SVT) for CLAS12. The current plan is for the SVT to be build up of 4 concentric layers. Each layer will provide x and y information from two silicon strip detectors, each detector with a different "pitch" for the strips. A scattered particle will thus go through 8 layers of silicon plus the support backing and the detector will provide 4 x,y,z points to compute a track.<br />
<br />
Previous work performed at Jlab:<br />
* '''Status: 2006'''<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-010.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-010] SVT R&D Progress Report.<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-013.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-013] Simulation of the SVX4 ASICs' Performance<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-014.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-014] Specifications for the Hall B Silicon Vertex Tracker's Prototype Module<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-021.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-021] Two Possible Configurations of the Silicon Vertex Tracker<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-024.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-024] Dead Time Due to the Frequency of Reset and Restore Operations of the SVX4 ASICs<br />
* '''Status: 2007'''<br />
** [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf Laser Test Stand Report FY 07].<br />
<br />
A completing solution for tracking in the inner detector is the ''''micromegas detector'''', see: [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2007-004.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2007-004]<br />
<br />
== Related Papers ==<br />
*'''Silicon Vertex Detectors'''<br />
**[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4FKY7FT-1&_user=1967573&_coverDate=04%2F01%2F2005&_alid=627076008&_rdoc=23&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=79&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=a8a9aac50928fdb047ba2133e9c04b00| Historical background of development of Silicon detectors]<br />
**[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-41F5X25-9&_user=1967573&_coverDate=10%2F11%2F2000&_alid=627077088&_rdoc=26&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=93&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=513a697b1624ddaf8b5619e004dd3123|Short summary of many detector designs]<br />
**[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-46MC9SG-7&_user=1967573&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1995&_alid=627078546&_rdoc=7&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=171&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=a86eaec2a3c0ddf31483c56258ed48b8|Description of testing using diode laser]<br />
***'Useful for studying angle of incidence of laser in tests' <br />
<br />
<br />
*'''Micromegas Detectors'''<br />
**<br />
<br />
<br />
== SVT for CLAS12 - Drawing and Such ==<br />
<br />
[http://clasweb.jlab.org/instrumentation/SVT/CD2/PDF/ACD/060%20sensor%20cross-section%20represetation.pdf Cross Section Drawing of SVT chip]<br />
<br />
== Requirements for Testing == <br />
<br />
* Laser with wavelength &lambda;~1100 nm to match the band gap energy of silicon. <br />
* The mechanical system should be able to drive a laser system over a box of approximately 1m long and 15cm wide, weighing approximately 1kg. This is what we saw in the JLab electronic room.<br />
* Positioning of the laser in the x-direction much better than 150&micro;m.<br />
** Motor with high accuracy is needed.<br />
* Laser spot on the surface better than 50 &micro;m.<br />
** Very high precision motor can be used to keep fiber close to the surface.<br />
** Also can use an optical lense to focus laser beam onto the surface.<br />
* Pulse length of the laser much less than 132 nsec to match the clock rate of the SVX4 chip (if we want the charge measurement to be meaningful during the test).<br />
* If the efficiency needs to be measured we need to make sure that the laser is not fired when the pulse is be close to the end of the gate, possibly by synchronizing the laser pulser and the SVX4 clock.<br />
<br />
== Pulsed Laser for Testing ==<br />
<br />
:The main principle of the LASER test is the [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FC4B-PP&_user=859303&_coverDate=07%2F15%2F1988&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&view=c&_acct=C000046323&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=859303&md5=876b43e6aafe73c6f4ead07e2cdeece4&ref=full injection of charge into silicon using an infrared LASER]. <br />
<br />
=== Test setup at Fermi Lab ===<br />
* [http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=10174848 Pulsed LASER for testing silicon strip detectors], which was used for similar purposes at Fermi Lab. <br />
** This DO Note describes a pulsed LASER setup for testing silicon strip detectors at the Silicon Detector Facility (SiDet) of Fermilab supporting the related projects and, in particular, the DO Silicon Tracker Upgrade. It will be used in the measurements of the efficiency of individual strips and their coupling. The LASER wavelength is 1060 nm, at which the absorption length in silicon is about 2 mm. The LASER setup is capable of producing light pulses with rise time of less than 1 ns, allowing the measurement of charge pulse shaping at individual strips and their capacitive couplings. Due to the high power output of the LASER, safety considerations are included. Also discussed are precautions for the safety of the LASER itself, and how to limit the light to an area smaller than 50,pm of diameter.<br />
<br />
=== Test setup for PHENIX ===<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-46MC9SG-7&_user=859303&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1995&_alid=602137605&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_orig_alid=602137605&_cdi=5314&_st=13&_docanchor=&view=c&_subId=927762&_ct=1&_acct=C000046323&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=859303&md5=878893d1a983687b2d985de069d470b7 NIM article describing the laser test setup for PHENIX.] There is also a [http://p25ext.lanl.gov/phenix/mvd/notes/1995/PHENIX-MVD-95-1/laser.html web page describing the PHENIX test setup.] The total cost of the LASER and optics was ~$5000.<br />
<br />
=== CLAS12 Options === <br />
<br />
* Use [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] mainframe with [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 106C optical module]. This is probably most expensive option. <br />
** The [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] can also be found as [http://www.valuetronics.com/Details.aspx?ProdID=9964 a second hand product for cheaper price than the original price ]. But the most of the [http://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/images/d/df/BNC_price_list.pdf price of the setup] comes from the price of [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 106C optical module].<br />
* Use [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] mainframe with [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 085 or 065 optical modules]. The wavelength of these lasers is shorter, which yields shorter absorbtion length for silicon, leading to concentration of the charge near the surface. <br />
* Use [http://www.us-lasers.com/d670nm5.htm a 670nm wavelength laser diode] together with [http://www.ichaus.de/product.php?prod=iC-NZ an integrated circuit laser driver] described in [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf the note by Amrit's group]. This diode also provides maximum of 670nm wavelength for the laser light. <br />
** Although [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf the note] states that a laser diode with longer than 670nm wavelength could not be found, there is [http://www.us-lasers.com/n980nm5m.htm a web page describing such a laser diode with 980nm wavelength]. At this point it is not clear if this diode is actually available in practice and for what price.<br />
* A laser system [http://www.picoquant.com/getfs.htm?products/ldh/ldhseries.htm FSL 500] from a company called <b>PicoQuant</b> based in Germany. This can be used with their laser diode LDH-S-C-1060 which provides light at 1060nm. According to their web site it can be coupled with a singlemode fiber, but the small diameter of the fiber of 10 um is not standart for them, we may end up having to find someone else to couple a fibre for us. The FSL-500 mainframe itself would cost us $13000, while the laser head is $11000, which is kind of steep for a diode. At this point it is otn clear what advantages this diode has over othe cheaper laser diodes (see below).<br />
* [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=80&cat=14 A laser diode QFLD-1060-10S from QPhotonics at 1060nm wavelength at typical power of 10mW], which costs about $300, is another option. This company is currently located in Virginia, moving to Michigan. The diode can be driven by an [http://www.avtechpulse.com/laser/avo-9e/ AVO-9E-B Avtech laser diode driver], which would satisfy our requirements and costs about $10,000. The power statibility within 12 hours of operation is RMS~1%. The lifetime for QFLD-1060-10S is 10000 hrs, after which the power may be reduced by ~20%. There are other diodes available as well: <br />
** [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=309&cat=14 QFBGLD-1060-30PM diode at 1060nm] would provide typical power of 30mW in 10000 hours, costs $1,690.00 .<br />
** [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=101&cat=14 QFBGLD-1080-2 diode at 1080 nm] provides typical power of 2mW for 50000 hours, costs $990.00.<br />
<br />
== Rail and Support System ==<br />
<br />
* The rail and support system will be based on three moving stages: one to scan across the silicon chip (x-stage), the other to focus the laser (z-stage), and the third one to move the laser to scan the chip at a different position. <br />
* Amrit's group had a prototype which included x and z statges, plus some railings designed to move them. This will serve as the starting point for the UNH design. The motor for x-motion was Zaber Technlogies T-LLS275 (or [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=KT-LLS260 equivalent model]), and the motor for z-motion was [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=NA11B60 Zaber NA11B60].<br />
* One alternative is to use T-LLS275 (or [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=KT-LLS260 equivalent model])as the y-stage, but get a new and smaller motor for x-motion since 25 cm range provided by T-LLS275 is probably too big anyway. The range and the precision of other Zaber motors might be better matched for scanning the wafer across than the relatively large T-LLS275.<br />
* Another good option is to order all three axis assembled from a single company [http://www.velmex.com/ Velmex, Inc]. The only problem I encountered with them is that they would like to build the assembly using the same type of slides without mixing different slide families, which may not be a problem but an inconvenience. Aparently the mixing drives the cost up because of various mecahnical adapters needed to match parts from different families. This option would be really nice and it would cost about $8000.<br />
<br />
== Very Brief Notes from the Wednesday Bi-weekly Tracking Meetings ==<br />
* [[ Tracking Meeting on 18 July 2007 ]]<br />
* Tracking Meeting on 01 August 2007 <br />
* [[ Tracking Meeting on 15 August 2007 ]]<br />
<br />
== Available Hardware == <br />
=== Our own ===<br />
* [http://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/images/4/4f/Dell.pdf Dell Workstation 9200 for the SVT Test]<br />
<br />
=== From Jefferson Lab ===</div>Srn5https://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/index.php?title=SVT_Project&diff=2751SVT Project2007-10-03T12:29:43Z<p>Srn5: </p>
<hr />
<div>= The UNH Silicon Vertex Tracker Project =<br />
<br />
The UNH Nuclear Physics group will be building a test facility for the Silicon Vertex Tracker (SVT) for CLAS12. The current plan is for the SVT to be build up of 4 concentric layers. Each layer will provide x and y information from two silicon strip detectors, each detector with a different "pitch" for the strips. A scattered particle will thus go through 8 layers of silicon plus the support backing and the detector will provide 4 x,y,z points to compute a track.<br />
<br />
Previous work performed at Jlab:<br />
* '''Status: 2006'''<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-010.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-010] SVT R&D Progress Report.<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-013.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-013] Simulation of the SVX4 ASICs' Performance<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-014.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-014] Specifications for the Hall B Silicon Vertex Tracker's Prototype Module<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-021.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-021] Two Possible Configurations of the Silicon Vertex Tracker<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-024.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-024] Dead Time Due to the Frequency of Reset and Restore Operations of the SVX4 ASICs<br />
* '''Status: 2007'''<br />
** [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf Laser Test Stand Report FY 07].<br />
<br />
A completing solution for tracking in the inner detector is the ''''micromegas detector'''', see: [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2007-004.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2007-004]<br />
<br />
== Related Papers ==<br />
*'''Silicon Vertex Detectors'''<br />
**[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4FKY7FT-1&_user=1967573&_coverDate=04%2F01%2F2005&_alid=627076008&_rdoc=23&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=79&_acct=C000053403&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1967573&md5=a8a9aac50928fdb047ba2133e9c04b00| Historical background of development of Silicon detectors]<br />
<br />
*'''Micromegas Detectors'''<br />
**<br />
<br />
<br />
== SVT for CLAS12 - Drawing and Such ==<br />
<br />
[http://clasweb.jlab.org/instrumentation/SVT/CD2/PDF/ACD/060%20sensor%20cross-section%20represetation.pdf Cross Section Drawing of SVT chip]<br />
<br />
== Requirements for Testing == <br />
<br />
* Laser with wavelength &lambda;~1100 nm to match the band gap energy of silicon. <br />
* The mechanical system should be able to drive a laser system over a box of approximately 1m long and 15cm wide, weighing approximately 1kg. This is what we saw in the JLab electronic room.<br />
* Positioning of the laser in the x-direction much better than 150&micro;m.<br />
** Motor with high accuracy is needed.<br />
* Laser spot on the surface better than 50 &micro;m.<br />
** Very high precision motor can be used to keep fiber close to the surface.<br />
** Also can use an optical lense to focus laser beam onto the surface.<br />
* Pulse length of the laser much less than 132 nsec to match the clock rate of the SVX4 chip (if we want the charge measurement to be meaningful during the test).<br />
* If the efficiency needs to be measured we need to make sure that the laser is not fired when the pulse is be close to the end of the gate, possibly by synchronizing the laser pulser and the SVX4 clock.<br />
<br />
== Pulsed Laser for Testing ==<br />
<br />
:The main principle of the LASER test is the [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FC4B-PP&_user=859303&_coverDate=07%2F15%2F1988&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&view=c&_acct=C000046323&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=859303&md5=876b43e6aafe73c6f4ead07e2cdeece4&ref=full injection of charge into silicon using an infrared LASER]. <br />
<br />
=== Test setup at Fermi Lab ===<br />
* [http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=10174848 Pulsed LASER for testing silicon strip detectors], which was used for similar purposes at Fermi Lab. <br />
** This DO Note describes a pulsed LASER setup for testing silicon strip detectors at the Silicon Detector Facility (SiDet) of Fermilab supporting the related projects and, in particular, the DO Silicon Tracker Upgrade. It will be used in the measurements of the efficiency of individual strips and their coupling. The LASER wavelength is 1060 nm, at which the absorption length in silicon is about 2 mm. The LASER setup is capable of producing light pulses with rise time of less than 1 ns, allowing the measurement of charge pulse shaping at individual strips and their capacitive couplings. Due to the high power output of the LASER, safety considerations are included. Also discussed are precautions for the safety of the LASER itself, and how to limit the light to an area smaller than 50,pm of diameter.<br />
<br />
=== Test setup for PHENIX ===<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-46MC9SG-7&_user=859303&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1995&_alid=602137605&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_orig_alid=602137605&_cdi=5314&_st=13&_docanchor=&view=c&_subId=927762&_ct=1&_acct=C000046323&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=859303&md5=878893d1a983687b2d985de069d470b7 NIM article describing the laser test setup for PHENIX.] There is also a [http://p25ext.lanl.gov/phenix/mvd/notes/1995/PHENIX-MVD-95-1/laser.html web page describing the PHENIX test setup.] The total cost of the LASER and optics was ~$5000.<br />
<br />
=== CLAS12 Options === <br />
<br />
* Use [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] mainframe with [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 106C optical module]. This is probably most expensive option. <br />
** The [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] can also be found as [http://www.valuetronics.com/Details.aspx?ProdID=9964 a second hand product for cheaper price than the original price ]. But the most of the [http://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/images/d/df/BNC_price_list.pdf price of the setup] comes from the price of [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 106C optical module].<br />
* Use [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] mainframe with [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 085 or 065 optical modules]. The wavelength of these lasers is shorter, which yields shorter absorbtion length for silicon, leading to concentration of the charge near the surface. <br />
* Use [http://www.us-lasers.com/d670nm5.htm a 670nm wavelength laser diode] together with [http://www.ichaus.de/product.php?prod=iC-NZ an integrated circuit laser driver] described in [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf the note by Amrit's group]. This diode also provides maximum of 670nm wavelength for the laser light. <br />
** Although [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf the note] states that a laser diode with longer than 670nm wavelength could not be found, there is [http://www.us-lasers.com/n980nm5m.htm a web page describing such a laser diode with 980nm wavelength]. At this point it is not clear if this diode is actually available in practice and for what price.<br />
* A laser system [http://www.picoquant.com/getfs.htm?products/ldh/ldhseries.htm FSL 500] from a company called <b>PicoQuant</b> based in Germany. This can be used with their laser diode LDH-S-C-1060 which provides light at 1060nm. According to their web site it can be coupled with a singlemode fiber, but the small diameter of the fiber of 10 um is not standart for them, we may end up having to find someone else to couple a fibre for us. The FSL-500 mainframe itself would cost us $13000, while the laser head is $11000, which is kind of steep for a diode. At this point it is otn clear what advantages this diode has over othe cheaper laser diodes (see below).<br />
* [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=80&cat=14 A laser diode QFLD-1060-10S from QPhotonics at 1060nm wavelength at typical power of 10mW], which costs about $300, is another option. This company is currently located in Virginia, moving to Michigan. The diode can be driven by an [http://www.avtechpulse.com/laser/avo-9e/ AVO-9E-B Avtech laser diode driver], which would satisfy our requirements and costs about $10,000. The power statibility within 12 hours of operation is RMS~1%. The lifetime for QFLD-1060-10S is 10000 hrs, after which the power may be reduced by ~20%. There are other diodes available as well: <br />
** [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=309&cat=14 QFBGLD-1060-30PM diode at 1060nm] would provide typical power of 30mW in 10000 hours, costs $1,690.00 .<br />
** [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=101&cat=14 QFBGLD-1080-2 diode at 1080 nm] provides typical power of 2mW for 50000 hours, costs $990.00.<br />
<br />
== Rail and Support System ==<br />
<br />
* The rail and support system will be based on three moving stages: one to scan across the silicon chip (x-stage), the other to focus the laser (z-stage), and the third one to move the laser to scan the chip at a different position. <br />
* Amrit's group had a prototype which included x and z statges, plus some railings designed to move them. This will serve as the starting point for the UNH design. The motor for x-motion was Zaber Technlogies T-LLS275 (or [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=KT-LLS260 equivalent model]), and the motor for z-motion was [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=NA11B60 Zaber NA11B60].<br />
* One alternative is to use T-LLS275 (or [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=KT-LLS260 equivalent model])as the y-stage, but get a new and smaller motor for x-motion since 25 cm range provided by T-LLS275 is probably too big anyway. The range and the precision of other Zaber motors might be better matched for scanning the wafer across than the relatively large T-LLS275.<br />
* Another good option is to order all three axis assembled from a single company [http://www.velmex.com/ Velmex, Inc]. The only problem I encountered with them is that they would like to build the assembly using the same type of slides without mixing different slide families, which may not be a problem but an inconvenience. Aparently the mixing drives the cost up because of various mecahnical adapters needed to match parts from different families. This option would be really nice and it would cost about $8000.<br />
<br />
== Very Brief Notes from the Wednesday Bi-weekly Tracking Meetings ==<br />
* [[ Tracking Meeting on 18 July 2007 ]]<br />
* Tracking Meeting on 01 August 2007 <br />
* [[ Tracking Meeting on 15 August 2007 ]]<br />
<br />
== Available Hardware == <br />
=== Our own ===<br />
* [http://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/images/4/4f/Dell.pdf Dell Workstation 9200 for the SVT Test]<br />
<br />
=== From Jefferson Lab ===</div>Srn5https://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/index.php?title=SVT_Project&diff=2748SVT Project2007-10-03T12:25:31Z<p>Srn5: </p>
<hr />
<div>= The UNH Silicon Vertex Tracker Project =<br />
<br />
The UNH Nuclear Physics group will be building a test facility for the Silicon Vertex Tracker (SVT) for CLAS12. The current plan is for the SVT to be build up of 4 concentric layers. Each layer will provide x and y information from two silicon strip detectors, each detector with a different "pitch" for the strips. A scattered particle will thus go through 8 layers of silicon plus the support backing and the detector will provide 4 x,y,z points to compute a track.<br />
<br />
Previous work performed at Jlab:<br />
* '''Status: 2006'''<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-010.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-010] SVT R&D Progress Report.<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-013.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-013] Simulation of the SVX4 ASICs' Performance<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-014.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-014] Specifications for the Hall B Silicon Vertex Tracker's Prototype Module<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-021.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-021] Two Possible Configurations of the Silicon Vertex Tracker<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-024.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-024] Dead Time Due to the Frequency of Reset and Restore Operations of the SVX4 ASICs<br />
* '''Status: 2007'''<br />
** [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf Laser Test Stand Report FY 07].<br />
<br />
A completing solution for tracking in the inner detector is the ''''micromegas detector'''', see: [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2007-004.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2007-004]<br />
<br />
== Related Papers ==<br />
*Silicon Vertex Detectors<br />
<br />
*'''Micromegas Detectors'''<br />
<br />
== SVT for CLAS12 - Drawing and Such ==<br />
<br />
[http://clasweb.jlab.org/instrumentation/SVT/CD2/PDF/ACD/060%20sensor%20cross-section%20represetation.pdf Cross Section Drawing of SVT chip]<br />
<br />
== Requirements for Testing == <br />
<br />
* Laser with wavelength &lambda;~1100 nm to match the band gap energy of silicon. <br />
* The mechanical system should be able to drive a laser system over a box of approximately 1m long and 15cm wide, weighing approximately 1kg. This is what we saw in the JLab electronic room.<br />
* Positioning of the laser in the x-direction much better than 150&micro;m.<br />
** Motor with high accuracy is needed.<br />
* Laser spot on the surface better than 50 &micro;m.<br />
** Very high precision motor can be used to keep fiber close to the surface.<br />
** Also can use an optical lense to focus laser beam onto the surface.<br />
* Pulse length of the laser much less than 132 nsec to match the clock rate of the SVX4 chip (if we want the charge measurement to be meaningful during the test).<br />
* If the efficiency needs to be measured we need to make sure that the laser is not fired when the pulse is be close to the end of the gate, possibly by synchronizing the laser pulser and the SVX4 clock.<br />
<br />
== Pulsed Laser for Testing ==<br />
<br />
:The main principle of the LASER test is the [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FC4B-PP&_user=859303&_coverDate=07%2F15%2F1988&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&view=c&_acct=C000046323&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=859303&md5=876b43e6aafe73c6f4ead07e2cdeece4&ref=full injection of charge into silicon using an infrared LASER]. <br />
<br />
=== Test setup at Fermi Lab ===<br />
* [http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=10174848 Pulsed LASER for testing silicon strip detectors], which was used for similar purposes at Fermi Lab. <br />
** This DO Note describes a pulsed LASER setup for testing silicon strip detectors at the Silicon Detector Facility (SiDet) of Fermilab supporting the related projects and, in particular, the DO Silicon Tracker Upgrade. It will be used in the measurements of the efficiency of individual strips and their coupling. The LASER wavelength is 1060 nm, at which the absorption length in silicon is about 2 mm. The LASER setup is capable of producing light pulses with rise time of less than 1 ns, allowing the measurement of charge pulse shaping at individual strips and their capacitive couplings. Due to the high power output of the LASER, safety considerations are included. Also discussed are precautions for the safety of the LASER itself, and how to limit the light to an area smaller than 50,pm of diameter.<br />
<br />
=== Test setup for PHENIX ===<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-46MC9SG-7&_user=859303&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1995&_alid=602137605&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_orig_alid=602137605&_cdi=5314&_st=13&_docanchor=&view=c&_subId=927762&_ct=1&_acct=C000046323&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=859303&md5=878893d1a983687b2d985de069d470b7 NIM article describing the laser test setup for PHENIX.] There is also a [http://p25ext.lanl.gov/phenix/mvd/notes/1995/PHENIX-MVD-95-1/laser.html web page describing the PHENIX test setup.] The total cost of the LASER and optics was ~$5000.<br />
<br />
=== CLAS12 Options === <br />
<br />
* Use [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] mainframe with [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 106C optical module]. This is probably most expensive option. <br />
** The [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] can also be found as [http://www.valuetronics.com/Details.aspx?ProdID=9964 a second hand product for cheaper price than the original price ]. But the most of the [http://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/images/d/df/BNC_price_list.pdf price of the setup] comes from the price of [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 106C optical module].<br />
* Use [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] mainframe with [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 085 or 065 optical modules]. The wavelength of these lasers is shorter, which yields shorter absorbtion length for silicon, leading to concentration of the charge near the surface. <br />
* Use [http://www.us-lasers.com/d670nm5.htm a 670nm wavelength laser diode] together with [http://www.ichaus.de/product.php?prod=iC-NZ an integrated circuit laser driver] described in [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf the note by Amrit's group]. This diode also provides maximum of 670nm wavelength for the laser light. <br />
** Although [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf the note] states that a laser diode with longer than 670nm wavelength could not be found, there is [http://www.us-lasers.com/n980nm5m.htm a web page describing such a laser diode with 980nm wavelength]. At this point it is not clear if this diode is actually available in practice and for what price.<br />
* A laser system [http://www.picoquant.com/getfs.htm?products/ldh/ldhseries.htm FSL 500] from a company called <b>PicoQuant</b> based in Germany. This can be used with their laser diode LDH-S-C-1060 which provides light at 1060nm. According to their web site it can be coupled with a singlemode fiber, but the small diameter of the fiber of 10 um is not standart for them, we may end up having to find someone else to couple a fibre for us. The FSL-500 mainframe itself would cost us $13000, while the laser head is $11000, which is kind of steep for a diode. At this point it is otn clear what advantages this diode has over othe cheaper laser diodes (see below).<br />
* [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=80&cat=14 A laser diode QFLD-1060-10S from QPhotonics at 1060nm wavelength at typical power of 10mW], which costs about $300, is another option. This company is currently located in Virginia, moving to Michigan. The diode can be driven by an [http://www.avtechpulse.com/laser/avo-9e/ AVO-9E-B Avtech laser diode driver], which would satisfy our requirements and costs about $10,000. The power statibility within 12 hours of operation is RMS~1%. The lifetime for QFLD-1060-10S is 10000 hrs, after which the power may be reduced by ~20%. There are other diodes available as well: <br />
** [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=309&cat=14 QFBGLD-1060-30PM diode at 1060nm] would provide typical power of 30mW in 10000 hours, costs $1,690.00 .<br />
** [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=101&cat=14 QFBGLD-1080-2 diode at 1080 nm] provides typical power of 2mW for 50000 hours, costs $990.00.<br />
<br />
== Rail and Support System ==<br />
<br />
* The rail and support system will be based on three moving stages: one to scan across the silicon chip (x-stage), the other to focus the laser (z-stage), and the third one to move the laser to scan the chip at a different position. <br />
* Amrit's group had a prototype which included x and z statges, plus some railings designed to move them. This will serve as the starting point for the UNH design. The motor for x-motion was Zaber Technlogies T-LLS275 (or [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=KT-LLS260 equivalent model]), and the motor for z-motion was [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=NA11B60 Zaber NA11B60].<br />
* One alternative is to use T-LLS275 (or [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=KT-LLS260 equivalent model])as the y-stage, but get a new and smaller motor for x-motion since 25 cm range provided by T-LLS275 is probably too big anyway. The range and the precision of other Zaber motors might be better matched for scanning the wafer across than the relatively large T-LLS275.<br />
* Another good option is to order all three axis assembled from a single company [http://www.velmex.com/ Velmex, Inc]. The only problem I encountered with them is that they would like to build the assembly using the same type of slides without mixing different slide families, which may not be a problem but an inconvenience. Aparently the mixing drives the cost up because of various mecahnical adapters needed to match parts from different families. This option would be really nice and it would cost about $8000.<br />
<br />
== Very Brief Notes from the Wednesday Bi-weekly Tracking Meetings ==<br />
* [[ Tracking Meeting on 18 July 2007 ]]<br />
* Tracking Meeting on 01 August 2007 <br />
* [[ Tracking Meeting on 15 August 2007 ]]<br />
<br />
== Available Hardware == <br />
=== Our own ===<br />
* [http://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/images/4/4f/Dell.pdf Dell Workstation 9200 for the SVT Test]<br />
<br />
=== From Jefferson Lab ===</div>Srn5https://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/index.php?title=SVT_Project&diff=2702SVT Project2007-09-14T04:24:32Z<p>Srn5: /* Requirements for Testing */</p>
<hr />
<div>= The UNH Silicon Vertex Tracker Project =<br />
<br />
The UNH Nuclear Physics group will be building a test facility for the Silicon Vertex Tracker (SVT) for CLAS12. The current plan is for the SVT to be build up of 4 concentric layers. Each layer will provide x and y information from two silicon strip detectors, each detector with a different "pitch" for the strips. A scattered particle will thus go through 8 layers of silicon plus the support backing and the detector will provide 4 x,y,z points to compute a track.<br />
<br />
Previous work performed at Jlab:<br />
* '''Status: 2006'''<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-010.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-010] SVT R&D Progress Report.<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-013.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-013] Simulation of the SVX4 ASICs' Performance<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-014.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-014] Specifications for the Hall B Silicon Vertex Tracker's Prototype Module<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-021.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-021] Two Possible Configurations of the Silicon Vertex Tracker<br />
** [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2006-024.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2006-024] Dead Time Due to the Frequency of Reset and Restore Operations of the SVX4 ASICs<br />
* '''Status: 2007'''<br />
** [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf Laser Test Stand Report FY 07].<br />
<br />
A completing solution for tracking in the inner detector is the ''''micromegas detector'''', see: [http://www1.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/public/2007-004.pdf CLAS-NOTE-2007-004]<br />
<br />
== Requirements for Testing == <br />
<br />
* Laser with wavelength &lambda;~1100 nm to match the band gap energy of silicon. <br />
* The mechanical system should be able to drive a laser system over a box of approximately 1m long and 15cm wide, weighing approximately 1kg. This is what we saw in the JLab electronic room.<br />
* Positioning of the laser in the x-direction much better than 150&micro;m.<br />
** Motor with high accuracy is needed.<br />
* Laser spot on the surface better than 50 &micro;m.<br />
** Very high precision motor can be used to keep fiber close to the surface.<br />
** Also can use an optical lense to focus laser beam onto the surface.<br />
* Pulse length of the laser much less than 132 nsec to match the clock rate of the SVX4 chip (if we want the charge measurement to be meaningful during the test).<br />
* If the efficiency needs to be measured we need to make sure that the laser is not fired when the pulse is be close to the end of the gate, possibly by synchronizing the laser pulser and the SVX4 clock.<br />
<br />
== Pulsed Laser for Testing ==<br />
<br />
:The main principle of the LASER test is the [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-470FC4B-PP&_user=859303&_coverDate=07%2F15%2F1988&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5314&view=c&_acct=C000046323&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=859303&md5=876b43e6aafe73c6f4ead07e2cdeece4&ref=full injection of charge into silicon using an infrared LASER]. <br />
<br />
=== Test setup at Fermi Lab ===<br />
* [http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=10174848 Pulsed LASER for testing silicon strip detectors], which was used for similar purposes at Fermi Lab. <br />
** This DO Note describes a pulsed LASER setup for testing silicon strip detectors at the Silicon Detector Facility (SiDet) of Fermilab supporting the related projects and, in particular, the DO Silicon Tracker Upgrade. It will be used in the measurements of the efficiency of individual strips and their coupling. The LASER wavelength is 1060 nm, at which the absorption length in silicon is about 2 mm. The LASER setup is capable of producing light pulses with rise time of less than 1 ns, allowing the measurement of charge pulse shaping at individual strips and their capacitive couplings. Due to the high power output of the LASER, safety considerations are included. Also discussed are precautions for the safety of the LASER itself, and how to limit the light to an area smaller than 50,pm of diameter.<br />
<br />
=== Test setup for PHENIX ===<br />
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-46MC9SG-7&_user=859303&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1995&_alid=602137605&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_orig_alid=602137605&_cdi=5314&_st=13&_docanchor=&view=c&_subId=927762&_ct=1&_acct=C000046323&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=859303&md5=878893d1a983687b2d985de069d470b7 NIM article describing the laser test setup for PHENIX.] There is also a [http://p25ext.lanl.gov/phenix/mvd/notes/1995/PHENIX-MVD-95-1/laser.html web page describing the PHENIX test setup.] The total cost of the LASER and optics was ~$5000.<br />
<br />
=== CLAS12 Options === <br />
<br />
* Use [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] mainframe with [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 106C optical module]. This is probably most expensive option. <br />
** The [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] can also be found as [http://www.valuetronics.com/Details.aspx?ProdID=9964 a second hand product for cheaper price than the original price ]. But the most of the [http://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/images/d/df/BNC_price_list.pdf price of the setup] comes from the price of [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 106C optical module].<br />
* Use [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model-6040.html BNC Model 6040 Mainframe] mainframe with [http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com/products/model_106c.html BNL 085 or 065 optical modules]. The wavelength of these lasers is shorter, which yields shorter absorbtion length for silicon, leading to concentration of the charge near the surface. <br />
* Use [http://www.us-lasers.com/d670nm5.htm a 670nm wavelength laser diode] together with [http://www.ichaus.de/product.php?prod=iC-NZ an integrated circuit laser driver] described in [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf the note by Amrit's group]. This diode also provides maximum of 670nm wavelength for the laser light. <br />
** Although [http://nuclear.unh.edu/~maurik/SVT/Laser_Test_Stand_Report_FY07.pdf the note] states that a laser diode with longer than 670nm wavelength could not be found, there is [http://www.us-lasers.com/n980nm5m.htm a web page describing such a laser diode with 980nm wavelength]. At this point it is not clear if this diode is actually available in practice and for what price.<br />
* A laser system [http://www.picoquant.com/getfs.htm?products/ldh/ldhseries.htm FSL 500] from a company called <b>PicoQuant</b> based in Germany. This can be used with their laser diode LDH-S-C-1060 which provides light at 1060nm. According to their web site it can be coupled with a singlemode fiber, but the small diameter of the fiber of 10 um is not standart for them, we may end up having to find someone else to couple a fibre for us. The FSL-500 mainframe itself would cost us $13000, while the laser head is $11000, which is kind of steep for a diode. At this point it is otn clear what advantages this diode has over othe cheaper laser diodes (see below).<br />
* [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=80&cat=14 A laser diode QFLD-1060-10S from QPhotonics at 1060nm wavelength at typical power of 10mW], which costs about $300, is another option. This company is currently located in Virginia, moving to Michigan. The diode can be driven by an [http://www.avtechpulse.com/laser/avo-9e/ AVO-9E-B Avtech laser diode driver], which would satisfy our requirements and costs about $10,000. The power statibility within 12 hours of operation is RMS~1%. The lifetime for QFLD-1060-10S is 10000 hrs, after which the power may be reduced by ~20%. There are other diodes available as well: <br />
** [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=309&cat=14 QFBGLD-1060-30PM diode at 1060nm] would provide typical power of 30mW in 10000 hours, costs $1,690.00 .<br />
** [http://www.qphotonics.com/product.php?productid=101&cat=14 QFBGLD-1080-2 diode at 1080 nm] provides typical power of 2mW for 50000 hours, costs $990.00.<br />
<br />
== Rail and Support System ==<br />
<br />
* The rail and support system will be based on three moving stages: one to scan across the silicon chip (x-stage), the other to focus the laser (z-stage), and the third one to move the laser to scan the chip at a different position. <br />
* Amrit's group had a prototype which included x and z statges, plus some railings designed to move them. This will serve as the starting point for the UNH design. The motor for x-motion was Zaber Technlogies T-LLS275 (or [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=KT-LLS260 equivalent model]), and the motor for z-motion was [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=NA11B60 Zaber NA11B60].<br />
* One alternative is to use T-LLS275 (or [http://www.zaber.com/products/product_detail.php?detail=KT-LLS260 equivalent model])as the y-stage, but get a new and smaller motor for x-motion since 25 cm range provided by T-LLS275 is probably too big anyway. The range and the precision of other Zaber motors might be better matched for scanning the wafer across than the relatively large T-LLS275.<br />
* Another good option is to order all three axis assembled from a single company [http://www.velmex.com/ Velmex, Inc]. The only problem I encountered with them is that they would like to build the assembly using the same type of slides without mixing different slide families, which may not be a problem but an inconvenience. Aparently the mixing drives the cost up because of various mecahnical adapters needed to match parts from different families. This option would be really nice and it would cost about $8000.<br />
<br />
== Very Brief Notes from the Wednesday Bi-weekly Tracking Meetings ==<br />
* [[ Tracking Meeting on 18 July 2007 ]]<br />
* Tracking Meeting on 01 August 2007 <br />
* [[ Tracking Meeting on 15 August 2007 ]]<br />
<br />
== Available Hardware == <br />
=== Our own ===<br />
* [http://nuclear.unh.edu/wiki/images/4/4f/Dell.pdf Dell Workstation 9200 for the SVT Test]<br />
<br />
=== From Jefferson Lab ===</div>Srn5